Joint Research Centre

The JRC provides independent, evidence-based knowledge and science, supporting EU policies to positively impact society. 

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Research and innovation

The JRC plays a key role at multiple stages of the EU policy cycle. It contributes to the overall objective of Horizon Europe .

We work closely with research and policy organisations in the Member States, with the European institutions and agencies, and with scientific partners in Europe and internationally, including within the United Nations system.

The core strengths we offer are anticipation, integration and impact.

  • Anticipation focuses on what is coming at us, beyond the latest crisis, and being able to provide the scientific underpinning for future policy initiatives.
  • Integration means enhancing our ability to build links between the different scientific and policy areas inside the Commission and beyond, since the challenges we face are so complex that one single area of science can rarely provide all the necessary answers.
  • Last, but not least, impact is about assisting policymakers to track and assess the impact of their policies.

Originally established under the Euratom Treaty, a proportion of our work is in the nuclear field.

In addition, the JRC offers scientific expertise and competences from a very wide range of disciplines in support of almost all EU policy areas.

As described in our JRC Revitalising Strategy 2030 , we organise our work in 33 portfolios .

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Plans and reports

Commission work programme - overview of institution-wide deliverables for current year.

Strategic plan - department strategy, objectives for 2020-2024.

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Annual activity report - department achievements, resources used during previous year.

JRC Work Programme 2023 - 2024 -  information about the work, aim and objectives of the JRC.

Leadership and organisation

Commissioner Iliana Ivanova

(Acting) Director-General, Deputy Director-General Bernard Magenhann

Deputy Director-General Salla Saastamoinen

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JSPS International Joint Research Program

Joint Research Programs (NSFC, UKRI, DFG, SNSF)

Program Outline

Eligibility of japanese applicants.

  • Universities and interuniversity research institutions
  • MEXT-affiliated institutions engaged in research
  • Colleges of technology
  • Institutions designated by the Minister of MEXT

Call for Proposals

JRP-LEAD with UKRI JRP-LEAD with DFG JRPs with SNSF JRP with NSFC
FY FY2024 FY2022 FY2022 FY2019
Targeted Research Fields Advanced Materials
※For details, please see
Materials Science and Engineering for Energy Storage, Conversion, and Transport
※Research fields will be chosen for each call through consultation between JSPS and DFG.
Designing Future Societies (All disciplines)
※This relates to the United Nation's SDGs and the world exhibition 2025 in Osaka. Proposals from all disciplines are eligible. Applications must match the topic.
※※Research fields will be chosen for each call through consultation between JSPS and SNSF.
Sustainable Remediation
※Research fields will be chosen for each call through consultation between JSPS and NSFC.
Application Deadline
(Japanese side)
31 July 2024
※For details, please see
Closed Closed Closed
Project Period 3 years from starting date 3 years from starting date 3 years from starting date 5 years from starting date
Funding from JSPS to PIs on Japanese Side (Research Expenses) Up to JPY 10,000,000 per fiscal year per project (Up to JPY 30,000,000 for three years) Up to JPY 10,000,000 per fiscal year per project (Up to JPY 30,000,000 for three years) Up to JPY 10,000,000 per fiscal year per project (Up to JPY 30,000,000 for three years) Up to JPY 10,000,000 per fiscal year per project (Up to JPY 50,000,000 for five years)
Number of Planned Awards Up to 15 projects Up to 8 projects Up to 10 projects Up to 4 projects
URL of the Counterpart Agency

Collaboration with Researchers and Students

  • Collaboration

Joint Research Projects

Is your company, public-sector body or organisation interested in a joint research project with the top researchers in the country? Do you want to develop new products or refine existing ones? Do you need coaching from experts?

A co-funded research project with the University of Copenhagen provides access to:

  • Specialist knowledge within a specific field of research
  • An international knowledge network at the highest level
  • The University’s equipment and facilities

Opportunities for financing

A research project and a new partnership has a certain cost. You can either set up a co-funded research project where the involved parties fund the entire project together. That requires more of your own funds, but on the other hand, you are not constrained by having to wait for a suitable call for project proposals from public or private foundations.

If you choose to try to obtain part of the project budget from private or public funds, there are a number of support schemes aimed at making it easier for companies and authorities to work with a university.

Innovation Fund Denmark

Innovation Fund Denmark has several programmes that can support research collaboration.

  • InnoBooster
  • Grand Solutions
  • Industrial researcher (read more under "Hire a Researcher")

EU and Horizon Europe

The EU is one of the largest sources of funding for research projects involving universities and the private sector. The EU funds a number of different forms of collaboration between the private sector and the University. Companies can also apply to have the costs associated with drawing up an EU application covered.

Experience shows that once a company participates in an EU project, they often sign up for new ones. So there are strong opportunities for building a network and staying at the forefront of technological developments.

Further information about funding opportunities and guidance on EU-funded projects is available from the University of Copenhagen’s Research Support Office.

Read more on the website of the Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science:

  • Horizon 2020

Governmental funding programmes

There are several governmental programmes that provide support for collaborative research projects. Including:

  • The Energy Technology Development and Demonstration Programme (EUDP) - Danish Energy Agency
  • Green Development and Demonstration Programme (GUDP) - The Danish Environmental Protection Agency  (in Danish)

There is a complete overview site about the different governmental grant pools and funding programmes:

  • Statens tilskudspuljer (in Danish)

Kontakt

Our Industrial Relations Manager offers help and guidance about collaboration 

Annette Fløcke Lorenzen Tlf.: +45 2155 3839  E-mail

You can also contact the faculties directly about collaboration.

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Together, We Are Strong

Researching in scientific networks worldwide.

[Translate to English:] Mehrere Personen stehen an einem Tisch und tauschen sich aus

The days of solitary research in an ivory tower are long gone. Many complex issues can only be solved through collective effort. As a result, joint research is gaining importance around the world. Technische Universität Berlin is one of Germany’s strongest research universities. Its international reputation and special profile as a technical university closely connected to the humanities and social, planning, and economic sciences guarantee its success in interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research. This special profile is demonstrated not least by the University’s numerous joint projects. Whether regional, national, or international associations, Technische Universität Berlin is a member of many scientific networks.

Are you a member of the University looking to learn how to establish a research association? Or perhaps you are seeking advice on joint research? The Research Promotion Section is happy to help.

The Technische Universität Berlin dialogue platform

Developing and executing a joint research project is a complex undertaking. The need for coordination among all participants is high and different series of steps often have to be run through several times. The Technische Universität Berlin dialogue platform is an internal research support instrument to assist scientists with this process. It offers various funding and event formats developed together with experienced experts from research association management.

  • Berlin University Alliance
  • Einstein Center Digital Future

Stephanie Christmann-Budian

Head of Research Promotion Section (V C)

[email protected]

+49 30 314-23197

Organization name Department V - Research
Building FH-Gebäude
Room FH 701
Address Fraunhoferstraße 33-36
10587 Berlin

Sören Stange

[email protected]

+49 30 314-23864

+49 30 314-21121

Room FH 715
Staff codeVC 1

jica

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Updates from JICA Ogata Research Institute on the latest events, publications and more.

How to Find Us

To participate effectively in the formation of international trends in development and international cooperation, the JICA Ogata Research Institute is actively engaged in intellectual partnership with internationally influential research institutions and in the construction of research networks. We are also cooperating in many other ways, including co-hosting seminars and exchanges among researchers.

Research Project (Ongoing)

Past research projects, joint study with brookings institution on "breakthrough: the promise of frontier technologies for sustainable development".

The likelihood of achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDCs) by 2030 rests on how innovative technologies, in addition to current ones, could drive rapid change and offer breakthroughs in tackling the development challenges. New technologies should be simple and low-cost if adopted and deployed in low-income countries. The study is jointly conducted with the Brookings Institution and will focus on technologies that can be introduced soon and could be easily replicated across the world. The following ten themes were selected to prepare proposals to adopt new technologies to achieve SDGs. The research will be published in the form of an edited volume which is targeted at policymakers as well as wide range of readers who have interests in the achievement of the SDGs.

Employment: The Impact of Global Changes in Industrial Structure and Demographics (Fifth Joint Research Project with IPD)

There is growing concern around global employment trends. Population growth will increase labor force supply but whether job creation that meets this can actually follow needs to be closely watched. In particular, in Africa, exponential growth in labor force is forecasted; according to a medium-range projection by the United Nations, the global increase of working age population is expected to be around 1.5 billion between 2010 and 2050, of which 1 billion is expected to take place in Africa. The key challenge here is whether inclusive growth that absorbs this increase in labor force can be realized. Meanwhile in South Asia, the rate of job growth has become slower than that of economic growth. A situation like this is often called jobless growth. Moreover, how employment around the world will be affected by factors such as advancements in robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, changes in economic structure and supply chains following the COVID-19 pandemic, and the transition to green economy, is yet to be fully understood.

Joint Research with the Brookings Institution on 'Leave No One Behind,' Addressing a Central Promise of the SDGs

The JICA Research Institute (JICA-RI) and the Brookings Institution have been conducting joint research on effective aid since 2010 and have published four books. (See "Research Outcome" at the bottom.)

From Summits to Solutions: Innovations in Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals(The Brookings Institution and JICA-RI collaborative Research)

After a year of summits and consensus building during 2015, attention is turning to implementation of the ambitious pledges by United Nations (UN) member states under the auspices of “Agenda 2030.” The oft-repeated refrain “business-as-usual will not suffice” has not yet been replaced with a positive agenda of what needs to be done under a global framework of voluntary commitments to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

JICA-RI/GDN Joint Research Project "Quality and Productivity Improvement in the private and public sectors – Roles and Lessons from Kaizen Approaches"

The fact that the low income countries fail to attain sustainable growth is attributed to the low productivity due to the low quality of workers’ skills and poor management capacity. Especially, in those countries, the weak management capacity in the private sector prevents productivity improvement.

Quality Growth in Africa (IPD)

In the words of the Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi Report of the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress “GDP is an inadequate metric to gauge well-being ….. particularly in its economic, environmental and social dimensions". The Report calls for greater focus on broader measures of social progress. Amongst these, those of particular relevance to Sub-Saharan Africa (hereinafter Africa) are sustainability; employment; inequality, the quality of health and education and insecurity and resilience in both physical and economic terms. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted in 2015 similarly focus on both growth and its quality in these broader terms. In this research, the task force formulated between the Initiative for Policy Dialogue (IPD) at Columbia University and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) will produce several academic papers on the quality of growth and the sustainable development goals in Africa. The tentative list of topics to be covered include placing inequality in Africa in the global context and the debate on rising inequality; the impact of global rules on inequality as well as other aspects of the quality of growth (e.g. of trade and investment agreements and taxation of multinational corporations); on measurement of wider social well-being than that captured in GDP; on employment; on monitoring and implementation of the SDGs; on environmental sustainability including financing of dealing with climate change.

CSIS-JICA Joint Research Project on Transformative Innovation for Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction

The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)and JICA Research Institute (JICA-RI) launched a two-year joint research project on transformative innovation in the summer of 2015. The past few years have seen the emergence of new industries and exploding technologies that are transforming the world. They are also changing the context for international development. In line with the fourth industrial revolution, “transformative innovation” refers to system-level innovation that shifts the existing system toward a totally new and sustainable way of operating.the Japanese government reinforced the importance of the technology innovation on the new development cooperation charter. For its part, the United States has also emphasized innovation through efforts. In the first year of the project, CSIS and JICA-RI identified two locations, the Philippines and Indonesia, for case studies and have explored the potential of transformative innovation for international development.

Joint Research on Transforming Africa's Agriculture (ACET)

Agricultural productivity in Africa is about one third of comparable Asian small holder farmers. Many factors affect agriculture productivity and these differ by product and by country. In an attempt to find lasting solutions to help remedy the low productivity and kickstart the transformation of the agricultural sector, this joint collaborative research between JICA and ACET aims at providing practical policy recommendations for transforming African economies. This joint research commissioned six studies to produce an overall review to feed into the chapters of the “African Transformation Report 2016/2017 (ATR 2016/2017)”by ACET.

Joint Research for Global Emerging Markets Forum 2015 (EMF)

The emerging markets’ rapid rise in the global economy is somehow inevitable, the traditional boundaries between developed and developing countries will continue to be blurred. while the prerequisites and strategies for the emerging economies to continue rapid development and permit the majority of the countries to avoid the middle-income trap would be similar, the specifics would vary significantly between countries. In 2005, the Emerging Markets Forum was created as a not-for-profit initiative in Centennial Group Holdings. EMF is carrying out a study on the long-term development and social prospects of major regions (Asia, Latin America, Africa) and countries (India, Mexico, and Kazakhstan) and launced in internatioinal conferences. However, there is presently no single in-depth study covering developing countries as a whole without any ideological or institutional bias. So, a number of sponsors of EMF have suggested that the time has come to carry out an even more challenging study covering all emerging market economies, within a framework that covers the entire global economy.The study would offer the sugestions for the policy of emerging economies and the world economy through 2050.

New Perspectives to Industrial Development (IPD)

Development policy in the 1990s advocated by international financial institutions was influenced by Washington Consensus thinking. This strategy, based largely on liberalization, privatization, and price-stability, down-played, if not disregarded, the role of government in economic planning. With the exception of Asia, many developing countries adopted the view that industrial policy resulted in inefficiency and poor economic growth pervaded. Despite this negative perception, this prescription has been successfully employed in what are now some of the most vibrant emerging markets. Last few years, the necessity of structural transformation has been debated widely. Based on the changing situation, the task force formulated between the Initiative for Policy Dialogue (IPD) at Columbia University and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) explores new perspectives or aspects for industrial policy, with particular attention to neglected issues. This will include regional comparison of Learning Societies as well as research on the roles expected for aid agencies and development finance in the area of industrial policies.

Knowledge networks in joint research projects, innovation and economic growth across European regions

  • Original Paper
  • Published: 02 December 2021
  • Volume 68 , pages 549–586, ( 2022 )

Cite this article

joint research project by

  • Valentina Meliciani 1 ,
  • Daniela Di Cagno 1 ,
  • Andrea Fabrizi 2 &
  • Marco Marini 3  

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This paper investigates the role played by the position of European regions in research networks on their rate of innovation and economic growth. The analysis is based on a panel of EU-28 NUTS2 regions participating in EU Framework Programmes observed over the 2004–2014 period. We find that regions that are more central in the network (higher strength centrality) and those that are surrounded by highly inter-connected regions (higher clustering index) show higher rates of innovation and higher economic growth. We also find heterogeneous effects of centrality and clustering for peripheral and central regions. We conclude that a more interconnected network (an increase in centrality for peripheral regions and of clustering for urban areas) would create benefits both at the periphery and at the core of Europe.

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Changing perspectives on the internationalization of R&D and innovation by multinational enterprises: A review of the literature

In particular, several empirical studies have examined the nature and the determinants of scientific cooperations among firms (Hagerdoon 2000 ; 2002 ; Miotti and Sachwald 2003 ; Caloghirou et al. 2006 ) or between firms and universities (Geuna 1998 ; Hayashi 2003 ; Laursen and Salter 2004 ; Arundel and Geuna 2004 ; Fontana et al. 2006 ; D’Este et al. 2011 ).

For a discussion of the game theoretic literature on the private incentives to cooperate in R&D, see Cassiman and Veugelers ( 2002 ).

Ertur and Koch ( 2006 ); Artelaris et al. ( 2010 ); Chapman and Meliciani ( 2018 );

Rodríguez‐Pose ( 1999 ); Chapman and Meliciani ( 2012 , 2017 ); Meliciani ( 2016 ).

Socio-economic clusters are based on Rodríguez-Pose ( 1998 ), who classifies EU-12 regions into four groups: (1) capital and urban areas, (2) regions affected by industrial decline, (3) intermediate regions and (4) peripheral regions, and on Chapman and Meliciani ( 2012 ), who extend this classification to the countries that joined the EU later (EU-27).

Di Cagno et al. ( 2014 ), using data from a panel of European countries participating in FP over the 1994–2005 period, find participation in EU funded projects helps laggard countries to reduce a part of their economic gap with more advanced countries (Macdissi and Negassi 2002 for France; Medda et al. 2006 for Italy).

See both the literature on endogenous economic growth, e.g. Aghion and Howitt ( 1992 ); Grossman and Helpman ( 1994 ) and evolutionary models, e.g. Nelson and Winter ( 1982 ); Fagerberg ( 1994 ).

EU ODP: https://data.europa.eu/euodp/en/home .

In terms of funding allocated, the most important issues are health, energy, transport, environment and, in the most recent FPs, climate change.

The NUTS classification subdivides the economic territory of the Member States. It ascribes to each territorial unit (NUTS) a specific code and name. The NUTS classification is hierarchical. It subdivides each Member State into NUTS level 1 territorial units, each of which is subdivided into NUTS level 2 territorial units, which in turn are subdivided into NUTS level 3 territorial units (source: REGULATION (EC) No 1059/2003).

The most used indexes of centrality in the literature to analyse networks are degree, strength, closeness, betweenness and eigenvector (Barrat 2004 for a review). Degree simply denotes the number of neighbours of the node (region in our analysis). Strength is the extension for the weighted networks. Closeness centrality represents the closeness of a given node with every other node of the network. Betweenness centrality measures the ability of the node occupying a critical gate-keeping position to act as an intermediary. Betweenness centrality of a given node is based on the number of shortest paths passing through the node. Eigenvector centrality is used to measure the influence of a node in the network. It assigns a relative index value to all nodes in the network based on the concept that connections with high indexed nodes contribute more to the score of the node than the connections with low indexed nodes (Saxena and Iyengar 2020 ). Given the strong positive correlation found for the centrality indices, we decided to use only one and the choice fell on strength both for its simplicity and because it takes into account both the connectivity (the number of connection of a node) as well as the intensity of the ties, measured by the weights of the edges.

We observe, as in other real-world networks, a negative correlation between the strength centrality and the local clustering coefficient (Table 8 in the appendix). As pointed out by Opsahl and Panzarasa ( 2009 ), a node with more neighbours is likely to be embedded in relatively fewer closed triplets and therefore to have a smaller local clustering than a node connected to fewer neighbours.

Time span of the analysis and the number of regions (nuts2) is influenced by the availability of EUROSTAT data.

Country dummies are included also in the specifications which include class dummies. In fact, some countries have levels of innovation that are higher than those experienced in other countries irrespective of the socio-economic group the region belongs too.

The GDP of the NUTS2 region variables has been deflated using the corresponding national GDP deflator (2010 = 100).

For details on how to implement this procedure, see Hole ( 2006 ).

We thank an anonymous referee for pointing this out.

In Appendix 1, Tables 9 and 10 report the estimates of Tables 4 and 5 without considering the intermediate group dummy and EU15 countries’ dummy, which are taken as a base level. This allows to statically test the respective coefficient differences of the groups.

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See Figs. 5 and 6 .

figure 5

Source : own elaborations on EU FPs data

Patent applications to the EPO per 1000 inhabitants (mean 2004–2012). Note: repat  = regional patents applications to the EPO.

figure 6

Regional GDP per capita growth rate (mean 2004–2018). Note : rgrowth  = Real GDP growth rate per capita.

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Meliciani, V., Di Cagno, D., Fabrizi, A. et al. Knowledge networks in joint research projects, innovation and economic growth across European regions. Ann Reg Sci 68 , 549–586 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-021-01092-9

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Call for joint research project, call for joint research project proposals fy 2024 national institute for physiological sciences, 1. joint research projects to be proposed.

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From areas around Tokyo Take JR Shinkansen to Toyohashi Station Take Meitetsu Nagoya Honsen Line from Toyohashi Station to Higashi-Okazaki Station (about 20 min with a Limited Express train)

From areas around Osaka Take JR Shinkansen or Kintetsu Line to Nagoya Station Take Meitetsu Nagoya Honsen Line from Nagoya Station to Higashi-Okazaki Station (about 30 min with a Limited Express train) 7-minute walk from the south exit of Higashi-Okazaki Station (Meitetsu Line). For more details, please refer to the NIPS website ( https://www.nips.ac.jp/eng/profile/access.html ).

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Epfl projects (2022-2023).

EPFL PIs:  Bruno Correia (and Michael Bronstein, Imperial) Microsoft PIs:  Max Welling,  Chris Bishop PhD Student:  Freyr Sverisson, Arne Scheuing

Proteins play a crucial role in every form of life. The function of proteins is largely determined by their 3D structure and the way they interact with other molecules. Understanding the mechanisms that govern protein structure and their interactions with other molecules is a holy grail of biology that also paves the path to ground-breaking new applications in biotechnology and medicine. Over the past three decades, large amounts of structural data on proteins has been made available to the wide-scientific community. This has created opportunities for machine learning (ML) approaches to improve our ability to better understand the governing principles of these molecules, as well as to develop computational approaches for the design of novel proteins and small molecules drugs. The three-dimensional structures of proteins and imolecular objects are a natural fit for  Geometric Deep Learning  (GDL). In this proposal, we will develop GDL-based approaches that describe molecular entities using point clouds engraved with descriptors capturing physical features (geometry and chemistry) that will be optimized to describe different aspects of proteins. Specifically, through the aims of this grant we will attempt to: capture dynamic features of protein surfaces (Aim 1); leverage the surface descriptors to condition the generation of small-molecules to engage specific pockets (Aim 2); couple new structure prediction algorithms with surface descriptor optimization for the design of new functions in proteins (Aim 3). Towards the generative aspects of our application (designing new surfaces, small-molecules, proteins), a common problem is that the spaces to be sampled are extremely large and thus the expertise within the Microsoft Research team could be critical to reach a functional solution. Specifically, the expertise in variational autoencoders, equivariant architectures and Bayesian optimization will be of major importance. In summary, we propose a novel approach powered by cutting edge computational methods to model and design  de novo  proteins that globally has an enormous potential to help addressing problems in medicine and biotechnology.

EPFL PIs:  Alexander Mathis, Friedhelm Hummel, Silvestro Micera Microsoft PIs:   Marc Pollefeys PhD Student:  Haozhe Qi

Despite many advances in neuroprosthetics and neurorehabilitation, the techniques to measure, to personalize and thus to optimize the functional improvements that patients gain with therapy are limited. Impairments remain to be assessed by standardized functional tests, which fail to capture everyday behaviour and quality of life or allow to be well used for personalization and have to be performed by trained health care professionals in the clinical environment. By leveraging recent advances in motion capture and hardware, we will create novel metrics to evaluate, personalize and improve the dexterity of patients in their everyday life. We will utilize the EPFL Smart Kitchen platform to assess naturalistic behaviour in the kitchen of both healthy subjects, upper-limb amputees and stroke patients filmed from a head mounted camera (Microsoft HoloLens). We will develop a computer vision pipeline that is capable of measuring hand-object interactions in patient’s kitchens. Based on this novel, large-scale dataset collected in patient’s kitchens, we will derive metrics that measure dexterity in the “natural world,” as well as recovered and compensatory movements due to the pathology/assistive device. We will also use those data, to assess novel control strategies for neuroprosthetics and design optimal, personalized rehabilitation treatment by leveraging virtual reality.

EPFL PIs: Robert West, Valentin Hartmann, Maxime Peyrard Microsoft PIs: , Emre Kıcıman ,  Robert Sim ,  Shruti Tople PhD Student: Valentin Hartmann

As machine learning (ML) models are becoming more complex, there has been a growing interest in making use of decentrally generated data (e.g., from smartphones) and in pooling data from many actors. At the same time, however, privacy concerns about organizations collecting data have risen. As an additional challenge, decentrally generated data is often highly heterogeneous, thus breaking assumptions needed by standard ML models. Here, we propose to “kill two birds with one stone” by developing Invariant Federated Learning, a framework for training ML models without directly collecting data, while not only being robust to, but even benefiting from, heterogeneous data. For the problem of learning from distributed data, the Federated Learning (FL) framework has been proposed. Instead of sharing raw data, clients share model updates to help train an ML model on a central server. We combine this idea with the recently proposed Invariant Risk Minimization (IRM) approach, a solution for causal learning. IRM aims to build models that are robust to changes in the data distribution and provide better out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization by using data from different environments during training. This integrates naturally with FL, where each client may be seen as constituting its own environment. We seek to gain robustness to distributional changes and better OOD generalization, as compared to FL methods based on the standard empirical risk minimization. Previous work has further shown that causal models possess better privacy properties than associational models [26]. We will turn these theoretical insights into practical algorithms to, e.g., provide Differential Privacy guarantees for FL. The project proposed here integrates naturally with ideas pursued in the context of the Microsoft Turing Academic Program (MS-TAP), where the PI’s lab is already collaborating with Microsoft (including Emre Kıcıman, a co-author of this proposal) in order to make language models more robust via IRM.

EPFL PI:  Giuseppe Carleo Microsoft PIs:  Max Welling,  Chris Bishop ,  Matthias Troyer PhD Student:  Jannes Nys

The fundamental equations governing interacting quantum-mechanical matter in solids have been known for over 90 years. However, these equations are simply “much too complicated to be soluble” (Paul A. M. Dirac, 1929). Besides experiments, the main source of information that we have available originates from computational methods to simulate these systems. Machine learning approaches based on artificial neural networks (NN) have recently been shown to be a new powerful tool in simulating systems governed by the laws of quantum mechanics. The leading approach in the field, pioneered by Carleo and Troyer, are known as neural quantum states, and have been successfully applied to several model quantum systems. For these typically prototypical and simplified – yet hard to solve– models of interacting quantum matter, neural quantum states have shown state-of-the-art – or better – performance. Despite this success, however, the application of neural quantum states to the ab-initio simulation of solids and materials is largely unexplored, both theoretically and computationally. Compared to the method for quantum spin systems, this requires methods that intrinsically work on continuous degrees of freedom, rather than discrete ones. Examples of important systems that can be studied with continuous space methods are crystals and several phases of matter that show a periodic lattice structure. In this project, we will introduce deep-learning-based approaches for the ab-initio simulation of solids, with a focus on imposing physical symmetries and scalability. With a powerful and efficient computational method to simulate continuous-space atomic quantum systems, we will be able to access unprecedented regimes of accuracy for the descriptions of materials, especially in two dimensions, where strong interactions are dominant.

EPFL PI:  Pascal Fua

Microsoft PIs:   Chris Bishop Research Engineer: Benoit Gherardi

We live in a three-dimensional world full of manufactured objects of ever-increasing complexity. To be functional, they require clever engineering and design. The search for energy-efficient designs of objects, such as the windmill exemplifies the challenges and promises of such engineering: The blades must have the right shapes to harness as much energy from the wind by balancing lift and drag, and the whole assembly must be strong and light. With ever more powerful simulation techniques and the advent of digital sensors that enable precise measurements, shape engineering relies increasingly on the resulting algorithmic developments. As a result, Computer Aided Design (CAD) has become central to engineering but is not yet capable of addressing all the relevant issues simultaneously. Computer Vision and Computer Graphics are among the fields with the greatest potential for impact in CAD, especially given the remarkable progress that deep learning has fostered in these fields. For example, continuous deep implicit-fields have recently emerged as one of the most promising 3D shape-modeling approaches for objects that can be represented by a single watertight surface.

However, current approaches to modeling complex composite objects cannot jointly account for geometric, topological, engineering constraints as well as for performance requirements. To remedy this, we will build latent models that can be used to represent and optimize complex composite shapes while strictly enforcing compatibility constraints between their components and controllability constraints on the whole. A central focus will be on developing training methods that guarantee that the output of the deep networks we train strictly obey these constraints, something that existing methods that rely on adding ad hoc loss functions cannot do. The results will be integrated into Microsoft’s simulation platforms— AirSim and Bonsai —with a view to rapidly building and designing real-world robots.

EPFL PIs:  Edouard Bugnion, Mathias Payer Microsoft PIs:  Adrien Ghosn PhD Student: Charly Castes

Confidential computing is an increasingly popular means to wider Cloud adoption. By offering confidential virtual machines and enclaves, Cloud service providers now host organizations, such as banks and hospitals, that abide by stringent legal requirement with regards to their client’s data confidentiality. These technologies foster sufficient trust to enable such clients to transition to the Cloud, while protecting themselves against a potentially compromised or malicious host. Unfortunately, confidential computing solutions depend on bleeding-edge emerging hardware that (1) takes long to roll out at the Cloud scale and (2) as a recent technology, lacks a clear consensus on both the underlying hardware mechanisms and the exposed programming model and is thus bound to frequent changes and potential security vulnerabilities. This proposal strives to explore the possibilities of building confidential systems without special hardware support. Instead, we will leverage existing commodity hardware that is already deployed in Cloud datacenters combined with new programming language and formal method techniques and identify how to provide similar or even more elaborate confidentiality and integrity guarantees than the existing confidential hardware. Achieving such a software/hardware co-design will enable Cloud providers to deploy new Cloud products for confidential computing without waiting for neither the standardization nor the wide installation of confidential hardware. The key goal of this project is the design and implementation of a trusted, attested, and formally verified monitor acting as a trusted intermediary between resource managers, such as a Cloud hypervisor or an OS, and their clients, e.g., confidential virtual machines and applications. We plan to explore how commodity hardware features, such as hardware support for virtualization, can be leveraged in the implementation of such a solution with as little modification as possible to existing hypervisor implementations.

ETH Zurich projects (2022-2023)

ETH Zurich PIs:  Roi Poranne, Stelian Coros Microsoft PIs:   Jeffrey Delmerico ,  Juan Nieto ,  Marc Pollefeys PhD Student:  Florian-Kennel-Maushart

Despite popular depictions in sci-fi movies and TV shows, robots remain limited in their ability to autonomously solve complex tasks. Indeed, even the most advanced commercial robots are only now just starting to navigate man-made environments while performing simple pick-and-place operations. In order to enable complex high-level behaviours, such as the abstract reasoning required to manoeuvre objects in highly constrained environments, we propose to leverage human intelligence and intuition. The challenge here is one of representation and communication. In order to communicate human insights about a problem to a robot, or to communicate a robot’s plans and intent to a human, it is necessary to utilize representations of space, tasks, and movements that are mutually intelligible for both human and robot. This work will focus on the problem of single and multi-robot motion planning with human guidance, where a human assists a team of robots in solving a motion-based task that is beyond the reasoning capabilities of the robot systems. We will exploit the ability of Mixed Reality (MR) technology to communicate spatial concepts between robots and humans, and will focus our research efforts on exploring the representations, optimization techniques, and multi-robot task planning necessary to advance the ability of robots to solve complex tasks with human guidance.

ETH Zurich PI: Srdjan Capkun, Shweta Shinde Microsoft PIs:   Manuel Costa ,  Cedric Fournet ,  Stavros Volos PhD Student: Ivan Puddu

Goal of this research project is to reduce the trust placed in the Cloud Service Provider by increasing the control of the customer over the resources assigned to it in the cloud infrastructure.

We plan to investigate this specifically in the context of a device or chiplet owned by the client and then placed within the cloud infrastructure, an “Embassy Hardware Device”. Such device would be able to control, manage, and retain access to the data while remaining inaccessible (in terms of data and control flow) to the Cloud Service Provider. Several research challenges need to be solved in order to develop an end-to-end working prototype. 

ETH Zurich PI:  Onur Mutlu Microsoft PIs:   Stefan Saroiu ,  Alec Wolman ,  Mark Hill ,  Thomas Moscibroda PhD Student : Giray Yaglikci

DRAM is the prevalent technology used to architect main memory across a wide range of computing platforms. Unfortunately, DRAM suffers from the RowHammer vulnerability. RowHammer is caused by repeatedly accessing (i.e., hammering) a DRAM row such that the electro-magnetic interference that develops due to the rapid DRAM row activations causing bit flips in DRAM rows that are physically nearby the hammered row. Prior research demonstrates that the RowHammer vulnerability of DRAM chips worsens as DRAM cell size and cell-to-cell spacing shrink. Numerous works demonstrate RowHammer attacks to escalate user privileges, obtain private keys, manipulate sensitive data, and destroy the accuracy of neural networks. Given that the RowHammer vulnerability of modern DRAM chips worsens and can be used to compromise a wide range of computing platforms, it is crucial to fundamentally understand and solve RowHammer to ensure secure and reliable DRAM operation. Our goal in this project is to

  • rigorously study the unexplored aspects of RowHammer via rigorous experiments, using hundreds of real DRAM chips, and leverage all the understanding we develop to
  • experimentally analyze the security guarantees of existing RowHammer mitigation mechanisms (e.g., Tar-get Row Refresh (TRR)),
  • craft more effective RowHammer access patterns, and
  • design completely secure, efficient, and low-cost RowHammer mitigation mechanisms.

ETH Zurich PI:  Otmar Hilliges Microsoft PI:   Julien Valentin (opens in new tab) PhD Student : Chen Guo (opens in new tab)

Digital capture of human bodies is a rapidly growing research area in computer vision and computer graphics that puts scenarios such as life-like Mixed Reality (MR) virtual-social interactions into reach, albeit not without overcoming several challenging research problems. A core question in this respect is how to faithfully transmit a virtual copy of oneself so that a remote collaborator may perceive the interaction as immersive and engaging. To present a real alternative to face-to-face meetings, future AR/VR systems will crucially depend on the following two core building blocks:

  • means to capture the 3D geometry and appearance (e.g., texture, lighting) of individuals with consumer-grade infrastructure (e.g., a single RGB-D camera) and with very little time and expertise and
  • means to represent the captured geometry and appearance information in a fashion that is suitable for photorealistic rendering under fine-grained control over the underlying factors such as pose and facial expressions amongst others.

In this project, we plan to develop novel methods to learn animatable representations of humans from ‘cheap’ data sources alone. Furthermore, we plan to extend our own recent work on animatable neural implicit surfaces, such that it can represent not only the geometry but also the appearance of subjects in high visual fidelity. Finally, we plan to study techniques to enforce geometric and temporal consistency in such methods to make them suitable for MR and other telepresence downstream applications.

ETH Zurich PI:  Christian Holz Microsoft PIs:   Tadas Baltrusaitis (opens in new tab) PhD Student: Björn Braun

The  passive  measurement of cognitive stress and its impact on performance in cognitive tasks has a huge potential for human-computer interaction (HCI) and affective computing, including workload optimization or “flow” understanding for future of work productivity scenarios, remote learning, automated tutor systems, as well as stress monitoring, mental health, and telehealth applications more generally. When cognitive demands exceed resources, people experience stress and task performance degrades. In this project, we will develop intelligent software experiences that reduce workers’ stress and optimize their cognitive resources. We will develop sensing models that capture the body’s autonomic nervous system (“fight or flight”) responses to cognitive demands in real-time using information from multiple physiologic processes. These inputs will then help drive AI support that adapts to provide cognitive support while also maintaining autonomy (e.g., avoiding unnecessary and annoying interventions.) Specifically, we will develop novel computer vision and signal processing approaches for measuring cardiovascular, respiratory, pupil/ocular, and dermal changes using ubiquitous sensors. For desktop environments, we will develop, evaluate, and demonstrate our methods using non-contact sensing (the webcams built into PCs). For head-mounted displays, we will appropriate our methods to utilize signals originating from the wearer’s head using built-in headset sensors. In both cases, our developments will produce novel datasets, computational methods, and the results of in-situ evaluations in productivity scenarios. Using our novel methods, we will also investigate their implications for telehealth scenarios, which often contain cardiovascular and respiratory assessments. We will develop scenarios that guide the user while assessing these metrics and visually present the remote physician with the results for examination.

ETH Zurich PI:  Sebastian Kozerke Microsoft PI:  Michael Hansen PhD Student:  Pietro Dirix

Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has become a key imaging modality to diagnose, monitor and stratify patients suffering from a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. Using Flow MRI, time-resolved blood flow patterns can be quantified throughout the circulatory system providing information on the interplay of anatomical and hemodynamic conditions in health and disease.

Today, inference of Flow MRI data is based on data post-processing, which includes massive data reduction to yield metrics such as mean and peak flow, kinetic energy, and wall shear rates. In consequence of the data reduction step, however, the wealth of information encoded in the data including fundamental causal relations are potentially missed. In addition, the dependency of the metrics on parameters of the measurement and image reconstruction process itself compromises the diagnostic yield and the reproducibility of the method, hence hampering further dissemination.

Here we propose to develop and implement a computational framework for Flow Tensor MRI data synthesis to train physics-based neural networks for image reconstruction and inference of the complex interplay of anatomy, coherent and incoherent flows in the aorta in-vivo. Using cloud-based, scalable computing resources, we will demonstrate that synthetically trained reconstruction and inference machines permit high-speed image reconstruction and inference to unravel complex structure-function relations using real-world in-vivo Flow Tensor MRI by exploiting the entirety of information contained in the data along with the information of the measurement process itself.

ETH Zurich PIs:  Marco Tognon, Mike Allenspach, Nicholas Lawrence, Roland Siegwart Microsoft PIs:   Jeffrey Delmerico ,  Juan Nieto ,  Marc Pollefeys PhD Student: Mike Allenspach

Our objective is to exploit recent developments in MR to enhance human capabilities with robotic assistance. Robots offer mobility and power but are not capable of performing complex tasks in challenging environments such as construction, contact-based inspection, cleaning, and maintenance. On the other hand, humans have excellent higher-order reasoning, and skilled workers have the experience and training to adapt to new circumstances quickly and effectively. However, they lack in mobility and power. We envision to reduce this limitation by empowering human operators with the assistance and the capabilities provided by a robot system. This requires a human-robot interface that fully leverages the capabilities of both the human operator and the robot system. In this project we aim to explore the problem of shared autonomy for physical interaction tasks in shared physical workspaces. We will explore how an operator can effectively command a robot system using a MR interface over a range of autonomy levels from low-level direct teleoperation to high-level task specification. We will develop methods for estimating the intent and comfort level of an operator to provide an intuitive and effective interface. Finally, we will explore how to pass information from the robot system back to the human operator for effective understanding of the robot’s plans. We will prove the value of mixed reality interfaces by enhancing human capabilities with robot systems through effective, bilateral communication for a wide variety of complex tasks.

ETH Zurich PI: Shweta Shinde Microsoft PIs: Manuel Costa , Cedric Fournet , Stavros Volos PhD Student: Mark Kuhne

Goal of the is research project is to give visibility on whether any abuse is happening, particularly if it is happening from untrusted software (e.g., Operating System, Hypervisor) or trusted-but-erroneous software (e.g., Trusted Execution Environment management).

The key idea is to have a small, trusted software to check the runtime behavior of the untrusted and trusted-but-erroneous software. Such a minimal security monitor can restrict the privileged software’s capabilities and visibility over the system while still adequately managing the resources.

ETH Zurich PI:  Kaveh Razavi Microsoft PI:   Boris Köpf PhD Student: Flavien Solt

There is currently a large gap between the capabilities of Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools and what is required to detect various classes of microarchitectural vulnerabilities pre-silicon. This project aims to bridge this gap by leveraging recent advances in software testing to produce the necessary knowledge and tools for effective hardware testing. Our driving hypothesis is that if we could provide crucial information about the privilege and domain of instructions and/or data in the microarchitecture during simulation or emulation, then we can easily detect many classes of microarchitectural vulnerabilities. As an example, with the right test cases, we could detect Meltdown-type vulnerabilities since seemingly different variants all require an instruction that can access data from a different privilege domain.

ETH Zurich PI:  Kenneth G. Paterson Microsoft PI:   Cédric Fournet , Esha Gosh , Michael Naehrig PhD Student:  Mia Filić

Probabilistic data structures (PDS) are becoming extremely widely used in practice in the era of “big data”. They are used to process large data sets, often in a streaming setting, and to provide approximate answers to basic data exploration questions such as “Has a particular bit-string in this data stream been encountered before?” or “How many distinct bit-strings are there in this data set?”. They are increasingly supported in systems like Microsoft Azure Data Explorer, Google Big Query, Apache Spark, Presto and Redis, and there is an active research community working on PDS within computer science. Generally, PDS are designed to perform well “in the average case”, where the inputs are selected independently at random from some distribution. This we refer to as the non-adversarial setting. However, they are increasingly being used in adversarial settings, where the inputs can be chosen by an adversary interested in causing the PDS to perform badly in some way, e.g. creating many false positives for a Bloom filter, or underestimating the set cardinality for a cardinality estimator. In recent work, we performed an in-depth analysis of the HyperLogLog (HLL) PDS and its security under adversarial input. The proposed research will extend our prior work in three directions:

  • address the mergeability problem for HLL;
  • extend our simulation-based framework for studying the correctness and security of HLL to other PDS in adversarial settings;
  • study the specific case of cascaded Bloom filters, which have been proposed for use in CRLite, a privacy-preserving system for managing certificate revocation for the webPKI.

EPFL projects (2019-2021)

EPFL PIs:   Pascal Fua (opens in new tab) ,  Mathieu Salzmann (opens in new tab) Microsoft PIs:   Bugra Tekin (opens in new tab) ,  Sudipta Sinha (opens in new tab) ,  Federica Bogo (opens in new tab) ,  Marc Pollefeys (opens in new tab) PhD Student:  Mengshi Qi (opens in new tab)

In recent years, there has been tremendous progress in camera-based 6D object pose, hand pose, and human 3D pose estimation. They can now both be done in real-time but not yet to the level of accuracy required to properly capture how people interact with each other and with objects, which is a crucial component of modeling the world in which we live. For example, when someone grasps an object, types on a keyboard, or shakes someone else’s hand, the position of their fingers with respect to what they are interacting with must be precisely recovered for the resulting models to be used by AR devices, such as the HoloLens device or consumer-level video see-through AR ones. This remains a challenge, especially given the fact that hands are often severely occluded in the egocentric views that are the norm in AR. We will, therefore, work on accurately capturing the interaction between hands and objects they touch and manipulate. At the heart of it, will be the precise modeling of contact points and the resulting physical forces between interacting hands and objects. This is essential for two reasons. First, objects in contact exert forces on each other; their pose and motion can only be accurately captured and understood if reaction forces at contact points and areas are modeled jointly. Second, touch and touch-force devices, such as keyboards and touch-screens are the most common human-computer interfaces, and by sensing contact and contact forces purely visually, everyday objects could be turned into tangible interfaces, that react as if they were equipped with touch-sensitive electronics. For instance, a soft cushion could become a non-intrusive input device that, unlike virtual mid-air menus, provides natural force feedback. In this talk, I will present some of our preliminary results and discuss our research agenda for the year to come.

EPFL PIs:   Robert West (opens in new tab) ,  Arnaud Chiolero (opens in new tab) Microsoft PIs:   Ryen White (opens in new tab) ,  Eric Horvitz (opens in new tab) ,  Emre Kiciman (opens in new tab) PhD Student:  Kristina Gligoric (opens in new tab)

The overall goal of this project is to develop methods for monitoring, modeling, and modifying dietary habits and nutrition based on large-scale digital traces. We will leverage data from both EPFL and Microsoft, to shed light on dietary habits from different angles and at different scales: Our team has access to logs of food purchases made on the EPFL campus with the badges carried by all EPFL members. Via the Microsoft collaborators involved, we have access to Web usage logs from IE/Edge and Bing, and via MSR’s subscription to the Twitter firehose, we gain full access to a major social media platform. Our agenda broadly decomposes into three sets of research questions: (1) Monitoring and modeling: How to mine digital traces for spatiotemporal variation of dietary habits? What nutritional patterns emerge? And how do they relate to, and expand, the current state of research in nutrition? (2) Quantifying and correcting biases: The log data does not directly capture food consumption, but provides indirect proxies; these are likely to be affected by data biases, and correcting for those biases will be an integral part of this project. (3) Modifying dietary habits: Our lab is co-organizing an annual EPFL-wide event called the Act4Change challenge, whose goal is to foster healthy and sustainable habits on the EPFL campus. Our close involvement with Act4Change will allow us to validate our methods and findings on the ground via surveys and A/B tests. Applications of our work will include new methods for conducting population nutrition monitoring, recommending better-personalized eating practices, optimizing food offerings, and minimizing food waste.

EPFL PI:   Tobias J. Kippenberg (opens in new tab) Microsoft PI:   Hitesh Ballani (opens in new tab) PhD Student:  Arslan Raja (opens in new tab)

The substantial increase in optical data transmission, and cloud computing, has fueled research into new technologies that can increase communication capacity. Optical communication through fiber, which traditionally has been used for long haul fiber optical communication, is now also employed for short haul communication, even with data-centers. In a similar vein, the increasing capacity crunch in optical fibers, driven in particular by video streaming, can only be met by two degrees of freedom: spatial and wavelength division multiplexing. Spatial multiplexing refers to the use of optical fibers that have multiple cores, allowing to transmit the same carrier wavelength in multiple fibers. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM or dense-DWM) refers to the use of multiple optical carriers on the same fiber. A key advantage of WDM is the ability to increase line-rates on existing legacy network, without requirements to change existing SMF28 single mode fibers. WDM is also expected to be employed in data-centers. Yet to date, WDM implementation within datacenters faces a key challenge: a CMOS compatible, power efficient source of multi-wavelengths. Currently employed existing solutions, such as multi-laser chips based on InP (as developed by Infinera) cannot be readily scaled to a larger number of carriers. As a result, the currently prevalently employed solution is to use a bank of multiple, individual laser modules. This approach is not viable for datacenters due to space and power constraints. Over the past years, a new technology has rapidly matured – that was developed by EPFL – microresonator frequency combs, or microcombs that satisfy these requirements. The potential of this new technology in telecommunications has recently been demonstrated with the use of microcombs for massively coherent parallel communication on the receiver and transmitter side. Yet to date the use of such micro-combs in data-centers has not been addressed.

  • Kippenberg, T. J., Gaeta, A. L., Lipson, M. & Gorodetsky, M. L. Dissipative Kerr solitons in optical microresonators. Science 361, eaan8083 (2018).
  • Brasch, V. et al. Photonic chip–based optical frequency comb using soliton Cherenkov radiation. Science aad4811 (2015). doi:10.1126/science.aad4811
  • Marin-Palomo, P. et al. Microresonator-based solitons for massively parallel coherent optical communications. Nature 546, 274–279 (2017).
  • Trocha, P. et al. Ultrafast optical ranging using microresonator soliton frequency combs. Science 359, 887–891 (2018).

EPFL PIs:   Edouard Bugnion (opens in new tab) Microsoft PIs:   Irene Zhang (opens in new tab) ,  Dan Ports (opens in new tab) ,  Marios Kogias (opens in new tab) PhD Student:  Konstantinos Prasopoulos (opens in new tab)

The deployment of a web-scale application within a datacenter can comprise of hundreds of software components, deployed on thousands of servers organized in multiple tiers and interconnected by commodity Ethernet switches. These versatile components communicate with each other via Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs) with the cost of an individual RPC service typically measured in microseconds. The end-user performance, availability and overall efficiency of the entire system are largely dependent on the efficient delivery and scheduling of these RPCs. Yet, these RPCs are ubiquitously deployed today on top of general-purpose transport protocols such as TCP. We propose to make RPC first-class citizens of datacenter deployment. This requires a revisitation of the overall architecture, application API, and network protocols. Our research direction is based on a novel RPC-oriented protocol, R2P2, which separates control flow from data flow and provides in-networking scheduling opportunities to tame tail latency. We are also building the tools that are necessary to scientifically evaluate microsesecond-scale services.

ETH Zurich projects (2019-2021)

ETH Zurich PIs:   Roland Siegwart (opens in new tab) ,  Cesar Cadena (opens in new tab) Microsoft PIs:   Johannes Schönberger (opens in new tab) ,  Marc Pollefeys (opens in new tab) PhD Student:  Lukas Schmid (opens in new tab)

AR/VR allow new and innovative ways of visualizing information and provide a very intuitive interface for interaction. At their core, they rely only on a camera and inertial measurement unit (IMU) setup or a stereo-vision setup to provide the necessary data, either of which are readily available on most commercial mobile devices. Early adoptions of this technology have already been deployed in the real estate business, sports, gaming, retail, tourism, transportation and many other fields. The current technologies in visual-aided motion estimation and mapping on mobile devices have three main requirements to produce highly accurate 3D metric reconstructions: An accurate spatial and temporal calibration of the sensor suite, a procedure which is typically carried out with the help of external infrastructure, like calibration markers, and by following a set of predefined movements. Well-lit, textured environments and feature-rich, smooth trajectories. The continuous and reliable operation of all sensors involved. This project aims at relaxing these requirements, to enable continuous and robust lifelong mapping on end-user mobile devices. Thus, the specific objectives of this work are: 1. Formalize a modular and adaptable multi-modal sensor fusion framework for online map generation; 2. Improve the robustness of mapping and motion estimation by exploiting high-level semantic features; 3. Develop techniques for automatic detection and execution of sensor calibration in the wild. A modular SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) pipeline which is able to exploit all available sensing modalities can overcome the individual limitations of each sensor and increase the overall robustness of the estimation. Such an information-rich map representation allows us to leverage recent advances in semantic scene understanding, providing an abstraction from low-level geometric features – which are fragile to noise, sensing conditions and small changes in the environment – to higher-level semantic features that are robust against these effects. Using this complete map representation, we will explore new ways to detect miscalibrations and sensor failures, so that the SLAM process can be adapted online without the need for explicit user intervention.

ETH Zurich PI:   Ce Zhang (opens in new tab) Microsoft PI:   Matteo Interlandi (opens in new tab) PhD Student:  Bojan Karlaš (opens in new tab)

The goal of this project is to mine ML.NET historical data such as user telemetry and logs to understand how ML.NET transformations and learners are used and eventually being able to use this knowledge to automatically provide suggestions to data scientists using ML.NET.Suggestions can be in the form of: Better or additional recipes for unexplored tasks (e.g., neural networks). Auto-completion suggestions for pipelines directly authored for example in .NET or Python.Automatically generation of parameters and sweep strategies optimal for the task at hand. We will try to develop a solution that is extensible such that, if new tasks, algorithms, etc. are added to the library, suggestions will be eventually properly upgraded as well. Additionally, the tool will have to interface with ML.NET and make easy to add new recipes coming either from users or the log mining tool.

ETH Zurich PI:   Siyu Tang (opens in new tab) Microsoft PIs:   Marc Pollefeys (opens in new tab) ,  Federica Bogo (opens in new tab) PhD Student:  Siwei Zhang (opens in new tab)

Humans are social beings and frequently interacting with one another, e.g. spending a large amount of their time being socially engaged, working in teams, or just being as part of the crowd. Understanding human interaction from visual input is an important aspect of visual cognition and key to many applications including assistive robotics, human-computer interaction and AR/VR. Despite rapid progresses in estimating 3D pose and shape of a single person from RGB images, capturing and modelling human interactions is rather poorly studied in the literature. Particularly for the first-person-view settings, the problem has drawn little attention from the computer vision community. We argue that it is essential for the augmented reality glasses, e.g. Microsoft HoloLens, to capture and model the interactions between the camera wearer and others as the interaction between humans characterises how they move, behave and perform tasks in a collaborative setting.

In this project, we aim to understand how to recognise and predict the interactions between humans under the first-person view setting. To that end, we will create a 3D human-human interaction dataset where the goal is to capture rich and complex interaction signals including body and hand poses, facial expression and gaze directions using Microsoft Kinect and HoloLens. We will develop models that can recognise the dynamics of human interactions and even predict the motion and activities of the interacting humans. We believe such models will facilitate various down-streaming applications for the augmented reality glasses, e.g. Microsoft HoloLens.

ETH Zurich PIs:   Roland Siegwart (opens in new tab) ,  Nicholas Lawrance (opens in new tab) ,  Jen Jen Chung (opens in new tab) Microsft PIs:   Andrey Kolobov (opens in new tab) ,  Debadeepta Dey (opens in new tab) PhD Student:  Florian Achermann (opens in new tab)

A major factor restricting the utility of UAVs is the amount of energy aboard, which limits the duration of their flights. Birds face largely the same problem, but they are adept at using their vision to aid in spotting — and exploiting — opportunities for extracting extra energy from the air around them. Project Altair aims at developing infrared (IR) sensing techniques for detecting, mapping and exploiting naturally occurring atmospheric phenomena called thermals for extending the flight endurance of fixed-wing UAVs. In this presentation, we will introduce our vision and goals for this project.

ETH Zurich PIs:   Torsten Hoefler (opens in new tab) ,  Renato Renner (opens in new tab) Microsoft PIs:   Matthias Troyer (opens in new tab) ,  Martin Roetteler (opens in new tab) PhD Student:  Niels Gleinig (opens in new tab)

QIRO will establish a new internal representation for compilation systems on quantum computers. Since quantum computation is still emerging, I will provide an introduction to the general concepts of quantum computation and a brief discussion of its strengths and weaknesses from a high-performance computing perspective. This talk is tailored for a computer science audience with basic (popular-science) or no background in quantum mechanics and will focus on the computational aspects. I will also discuss systems aspects of quantum computers and how to map quantum algorithms to their high-level architecture. I will close with the principles of practical implementation of quantum computers and outline the project.

ETH Zurich PI:   Andreas Krause (opens in new tab) Microsoft PI:   Katja Hofmann (opens in new tab) PhD Student:  David Lindner (opens in new tab)

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising paradigm in machine learning and gained considerable attention in recent years, partly because of its successful application in previously unsolved challenging games like Go and Atari. While these are impressive results, applying reinforcement learning in most other domains, e.g. virtual personal assistants, self-driving cars or robotics, remains challenging. One key reason for this is the difficulty of specifying the reward function a reinforcement learning agent is intended to optimize. For instance, in a virtual personal assistant, the reward function might correspond to the user’s satisfaction with the assistant’s behavior and is difficult to specify as a function of observations (e.g. sensory information) available to the system. In such applications, an alternative to specifying the reward function is to actually query the user for the reward. This, however, is only feasible if the number of queries to the user are limited and the user’s response can be provided in a natural way such that the system’s queries are non-irritating. Similar problems arise in other application domains such as robotics in which, for instance, the true reward can only be obtained by actually deploying the robot but an approximation to the reward can be computed by a simulator. In this case, it is important to optimize the agent’s behavior while simultaneously minimizing the number of costly deployments. This project’s aim is to develop algorithms for these types of problems via scalable active reward learning for reinforcement learning. The project’s focus is on scalability in terms of computational complexity (to scale to large real-world problems) and sample complexity (to minimize the number of costly queries).

ETH Zurich PIs:   Stelian Coros (opens in new tab) ,  Roi Poranne (opens in new tab) Microsoft PIs:   Federica Bogo (opens in new tab) ,  Bugra Tekin (opens in new tab) ,  Marc Pollefeys (opens in new tab) PhD Students:   Simon Zimmermann (opens in new tab)

With this project, we aim to accelerate the development of intelligent robots that can assist those in need with a variety of everyday tasks. People suffering from physical impairments, for example, often need help dressing or brushing their own hair. Skilled robotic assistants would allow these persons to live an independent lifestyle. Even such seemingly simple tasks, however, require complex manipulation of physical objects, advanced motion planning capabilities, as well as close interactions with human subjects. We believe the key to robots being able to undertake such societally important functions is learning from demonstration. The fundamental research question is, therefore, how can we enable human operators to seamlessly teach a robot how to perform complex tasks? The answer, we argue, lies in immersive telemanipulation. More specifically, we are inspired by the vision of James Cameron’s Avatar, where humans are endowed with alternative embodiments. In such a setting, the human’s intent must be seamlessly mapped to the motions of a robot as the human operator becomes completely immersed in the environment the robot operates in. To achieve this ambitious vision, many technologies must come together: mixed reality as the medium for robot-human communication, perception and action recognition to detect the intent of both the human operator and the human patient, motion retargeting techniques to map the actions of the human to the robot’s motions, and physics-based models to enable the robot to predict and understand the implications of its actions.

ETH Zurich PI:   Christian Holz (opens in new tab) Microsoft PI:   Ken Hinckley (opens in new tab) PhD Student:  Hugo Romat (opens in new tab)

Over the past dozen years, touch input – seemingly well-understood – has become the predominate means of interacting with devices such as smartphones, tablets, and large displays. Yet we argue that much remains unknown – in the form of a seen but unnoticed vocabulary of natural touch – that suggests tremendous untapped potential. For example, touchscreens remain largely ignorant of the human activity, manual behavior, and context-of-use beyond the moment of finger-contact with the screen itself. In a sense, status quo interactions are trapped in a flatland of touch, while systems remain oblivious to the vibrant world of human behavior, activity, and movement that surrounds them.We posit that an entire vocabulary of naturally-occurring gestures – both in terms of the activity of the hands, as well as the subtle corresponding motion and compensatory movements of the devices themselves – exists in plain sight.Our intended outcome is creating a conceptual understanding as well as a deployable interactive system, both of which blend the naturally-occurring gestures – interactions users embody through their actions – with the explicit input through traditional touch operation.

ETH Zurich PI:   Onur Mutlu (opens in new tab) Microsoft PIs:   Kushagra Vaid (opens in new tab) , Terry Grunzke,  (opens in new tab) Derek Chiou (opens in new tab) PhD Student:  Lois Orosa (opens in new tab)

This project examines the architecture and management of next-generation data center storage devices within the context of realistic data-intensive workloads. The aim is to investigate novel techniques that can greatly improve performance, cost, and efficiency in real world systems with real world applications, breaking the barriers between the applications and devices, such that the software can much more effectively and efficiently manage the underlying storage devices that consist of (potentially different types of) flash memory, emerging SCM (storage class memory) technologies, and (potentially different types of) DRAM memories. We realize that there is a disconnect in the communication between applications/software and the NVM devices: the interfaces and designs we currently have enable little communication of useful information from the application/software level (including the kernel) to the NVM devices, and vice versa, causing significant performance and efficiency loss and likely fueling higher “managed” storage device costs because applications cannot even communicate their requirements to the devices. We aim to fundamentally examine the software-NVM interfaces as well as designs for the underlying storage devices to minimize the disconnect in communication and empower applications and system software to more effectively manage the underlying devices, optimizing important system-level metrics that are of interest to the system designer or the application (at different points in time of execution).

EPFL projects (2017-2018)

EPFL PIs:  Babak Falsafi, Martin Jaggi Microsoft Co-PI:  Eric Chung

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have emerged as algorithms of choice for many prominent machine learning tasks, including image analysis and speech recognition. In datacenters, DNNs are trained on massive datasets to improve prediction accuracy. While the computational demands for performing online inference in an already trained DNN can be furnished by commodity servers, training DNNs often requires computational density that is orders of magnitude higher than that provided by modern servers. As such, operators often use dedicated clusters of GPUs for training DNNs. Unfortunately, dedicated GPU clusters introduce significant additional acquisition costs, break the continuity and homogeneity of datacenters, and are inherently not scalable. FPGAs are appearing in server nodes either as daughter cards (e.g., Catapult) or coherent sockets (e.g., Intel HARP) providing a great opportunity to co-locate inference and training on the same platform. While these designs enable natural continuity for platforms, co-locating inference and training on a single node faces a number of key challenges. First, FPGAs inherently suffer from low computational density. Second, conventional training algorithms do not scale due to inherent high communication requirements. Finally, co-location may lead to contention requiring mechanisms to prioritize inference over training. In this project, we will address these fundamental challenges in DNN inference/training co-location on servers with integrated FPGAs. Our goals are:

  • Redesign training and inference algorithms to take advantage of DNNs inherent tolerance for low precision operations.
  • Identify good candidates for hard-logic blocks for the next generations of FPGAs.
  • Redesign DNN training algorithms to aggressively approximate and compress intermediate results, to target communication bottlenecks and scale the training of single networks to an arbitrary number of nodes.
  • Implement FPGA-based load balancing techniques in order to provide latency guarantees for inference tasks under heavy loads and enable the use of idle accelerator cycles to train networks when operating under lower loads.

EPFL PIs:  Michael Kapralov, Ola Svensson Microsoft Co-PIs:  Yuval Peres,  Nikhil Devanur (opens in new tab) ,  Sebastien Bubeck (opens in new tab)

The task of grouping data according to similarity is a basic computational task with numerous applications. The right notion of similarity often depends on the application and different measures yield different algorithmic problems. The goal of this project is to design faster and more accurate algorithms for fundamental clustering problems such as the k-means problem, correlation clustering and hierarchical clustering. We propose to perform a fine grained study of these problems and design algorithms that achieve optimal trade-offs between approximation quality, runtime and space/communication complexity, making our algorithms well-suited for modern data models such as streaming and MapReduce.

EPFL PIs:   Pascal Fua (opens in new tab) ,  Mathieu Salzmann (opens in new tab) Microsoft Co-PIs:   Debadeepta Dey (opens in new tab) ,  Ashish Kapoor (opens in new tab) ,  Sudipta Sinha (opens in new tab)

Several companies are now launching drones that autonomously follow and film their owners, often by tracking a GPS device they are carrying. This holds the promise to fundamentally change the way in which drones are used by allowing them to bring back videos of their owners performing activities, such as playing sports, unimpeded by the need to control the drone. In this project, we propose to go one step further and turn the drone into a personal trainer that will not only film but also analyse the video sequences and provide advice on how to improve performance. For example, a golfer could be followed by such a drone that will detect when he swings and offer advice on how to improve the motion. Similarly, a skier coming down a slope could be given advice on how to better turn and carve. In short, the drone would replace the GoPro-style action cameras that many people now carry when exercising. Instead of recording what they see, it would film them and augment the resulting sequences with useful advice. To make this solution as lightweight as possible, we will strive to achieve this goal using the on-board camera as the sole sensor and free the user from the need to carry a special device that the drone locks onto. This will require:

  • Detecting the subject in the video sequences acquired by the drone so as to keep him in the middle of its field of view. This must be done in real-time and integrated into the drone’s control system.
  • Recovering the subject’s 3D pose as he moves from the drone’s videos. This can be done with a slight delay since the critique only has to be provided once the motion has been performed.
  • Providing feedback. In both the golf and ski cases, this would mean quantifying leg, hips, shoulders, and head position during a swing or a turn, offering practical suggestions on how to change them, and showing how an expert would have performed the same action.

EPFL PI:  Babak Falsafi Microsoft Co-PI:   Stavros Volos (opens in new tab)

Near-memory processing (NMP) is a promising approach to satisfy the performance requirements of modern datacenter services at a fraction of modern infrastructure’s power. NMP leverages emerging die-stacked DRAM technology, which (a) delivers high-bandwidth memory access, and (b) features a logic die, which provides the opportunity for dramatic data movement reduction – and consequently energy savings – by pushing computation closer to the data. In the precursor to this project (the MSR European PhD Scholarship), we evaluated algorithms suitable for database join operators near memory. We showed, while sort join has been conventionally thought of as inferior to hash join in performance for CPUs, near-memory processing favors sequential over random memory access, making sort join superior in performance and efficiency as a near-memory service. In this project, we propose to answer the following questions:

  • What data-specific functionality should be implemented near memory (e.g., data filtering, data reorganization, data fetch)?
  • What ubiquitous, yet simple system-level functionality should be implemented near memory (e.g., security, compression, remote memory access)?
  • How should the services be integrated with the system (e.g., how does the software use them)?
  • How do we employ near-threshold logic in near-memory processing?

EPFL PIs:  Rachid Guerraoui, Georgios Chatzopoulos Microsoft Co-PI:   Aleksandar Dragojevic (opens in new tab)

Modern hardware trends have changed the way we build systems and applications. Increasing memory (DRAM) capacities at reduced prices make keeping all data in-memory cost-effective, presenting opportunities for high performance applications such as in-memory graphs with billions of edges (e.g. Facebook’s TAO). Non-Volatile RAM (NVRAM) promises durability in the presence of failures, without the high price of disk accesses. Yet, even with this increase in inexpensive memory, storing the data in the memory of one machine is still not possible for applications that operate on TB of data, and systems need to distribute the data and synchronize accesses among machines. This project proposes the design and building of support for high-level transactions on top of modern hardware platforms, using the Structured Query Language (SQL). The important question to be answered is whether transactions can get the maximum benefit of these modern networking and hardware capabilities, while offering a significantly easier interface for developers to work with. This project will require both research in the transactional support to be offered, including the operations that can be efficiently supported, as well as research in the execution plans for transactions in this distributed setting.

EPFL PI:  Florin Dinu Microsoft PIs:   Christos Gkantsidis (opens in new tab) ,  Sergey Legtchenko (opens in new tab)

The goal of our project is to improve the utilization of server resources in data centers. Our proposed approach was to attain a better understanding of the resource requirements of data-parallel applications and then incorporate this understanding into the design of more informed and efficient data center (cluster) schedulers. While pursuing these directions we have identified two related challenges that we believe hold the key towards significant additional improvements in application performance as well as cluster-wide resource utilization. We will explore these two challenges as a continuation of our project. These two challenges are: Resource inter-dependency and time-varying resource requirements. Resource inter-dependency refers to the impact that a change in the allocation of one server resource (memory, CPU, network bandwidth, disk bandwidth) to an application has on that application’s need for the other resources. Time-varying resource requirements refers to the fact that over the lifetime of an application its resource requirements may vary. Studying these two challenges together holds the potential for improving resource utilization by aggressively but safely collocating applications on servers.

ETH Zurich projects (2017-2018)

ETH Zurich PI:  Gustavo Alonso Microsoft Co-PI:   Ken Eguro (opens in new tab)

While in the first phase of the project we explored the efficient implementation of data processing operators in FPGAs as well as the architectural issues involved in the integration of FPGAs as co-processors in commodity servers, in this new proposal we intend to focus on architectural aspects of in-network data processing. The choice is motivated by the growing gap between the bandwidth and very low latencies that modern networks support and the overhead of ingress and egress from VMs and applications running on conventional CPUs. A first goal is to explore the type of problems and algorithms that can be best run as the data flows through the network so as to be able to exploit the bare wire speed and allow off-loading of expensive computations to the FPGA. A second, but not less important goal, is to explore how to best operate FPGA based accelerators when directly connected to the network and operating independently from the software part of the application. In terms of applications, the focus will remain on data processing (relational, No-SQL, data warehouses, etc.) with the intention of starting to move towards machine learning algorithms at the end of the two-year project. On the network side, the project will work on developing networking protocols suitable to this new configuration and how to combine the network stack with the data processing stack.

ETH Zurich PIs:  Onur Mutlu, Luca Benini Microsoft Co-PI:  Derek Chiou

Today’s systems are overwhelmingly designed to move data to computation. This design choice goes directly against key trends in systems and technology that cause performance, scalability and energy bottlenecks:

  • data access from memory is a key bottleneck as applications become more data-intensive and memory bandwidth and energy do not scale well,
  • energy consumption is a key constraint in especially mobile and server systems,
  • data movement is very costly in terms of bandwidth, energy and latency, much more so than computation.

Our goal is to comprehensively examine the premise of adaptively performing computation near where the data resides, when it makes sense to do so, in an implementable manner and considering multiple new memory technologies, including 3D-stacked memory and non-volatile memory (NVM). We will examine practical hardware substrates and software interfaces to accelerate key computational primitives of modern data-intensive applications in memory, runtime and software techniques that can take advantage of such substrates and interfaces. Our special focus will be on key data-intensive applications, including deep learning, neural networks, graph processing, bioinformatics (DNA sequence analysis and assembly), and in-memory data stores. Our approach is software/hardware cooperative, breaking the barriers between the two and melding applications, systems and hardware substrates for extremely efficient execution, while still providing efficient interfaces to the software programmer.

ETH Zurich PI:  Otmar Hilliges Microsoft Co-PI:   Marc Pollefeys (opens in new tab)

Micro-aerial vehicles (MAVs) have been made accessible to end-users via the emergence of simple to use hardware and programmable software platforms and have seen a surge in consumer and research interest as a consequence. Clearly there is a desire to use such platforms in a variety of application scenarios but manually flying quadcopters remains a surprisingly hard task even for expert users. More importantly, state-of-the-art technologies offer only very limited support for users who want to employ MAVs to reach a certain high-level goal. This is maybe best illustrated by the currently most successful application area – that of aerial videography. While manual flight is hard, piloting and controlling a camera simultaneously is practically impossible. An alternative to manual control is offered via waypoint based control of MAVs, shielding novices from the underlying complexities. However, this simplicity comes at the cost of flexibility and existing flight planning tools are not designed with high-level user goals in mind. Building on our own (MSR JRC funded) prior work, we propose an alternative approach to robotic motion planning. The key idea is to let the user work in solution-space – instead of defining trajectories the user would define what the resulting output should be (e.g., shot composition, transitions, area to reconstruct). We propose an optimization-based approach that takes such high-level goals as input and generates the trajectories and control inputs for a gimbal mounted camera automatically. We call this solution-space driven, inverse kinematic motion planning. Defining the problem directly in the solution space removes several layers of indirection and allows users to operate in a more natural way, focusing only on the application specific goals and the quality of the final result, whereas the control aspects are entirely hidden.

ETH Zurich PIs:  Thomas Hofmann, Aurélien Lucchi Microsoft Co-PI:  Sebastian Nowozin

The past decade has seen a growth in application of big data and machine learning systems. Probabilistic models of data are theoretically well understood and in principle provide an optimal approach to inference and learning from data. However, for richly structured data domains such as natural language and images, probabilistic models are often computationally intractable and/or have to make strong conditional independence assumptions to retain computational as well as statistical efficiency. As a consequence, they are often inferior in predictive performance, when compared to current state-of-the-art deep learning approaches. It is a natural question to ask, whether one can combine the benefits of deep learning with those of probabilistic models. The major conceptual challenge is to define deep models that are generative, i.e. that can be thought of as models of the underlying data generating mechanism. We thus propose to leverage and extend recent advances in generative neural networks to build rich probabilistic models for structured domains such as text and images. The extension of efficient probabilistic neural models will allow us to represent complex and multimodal uncertainty efficiently. To demonstrate the usefulness of the developed probabilistic neural models we plan to apply them to challenging multimodal applications such as creating textual descriptions for images or database records.

EPFL projects (2014-2016)

EPFL PI:  Serge Vaudenay Microsoft PI:  Markulf Kohlweiss

For an encryption scheme to be practically useful, it must deliver on two complementary goals: the confidentiality and integrity of encrypted data. Historically, these goals were achieved by combining separate primitives, one to ensure confidentiality and another to guarantee integrity. This approach is neither the most efficient (for instance, it requires processing the input stream at least twice), nor does it protect against implementation errors. To address these concerns, the notion of Authenticated Encryption (AE), which simultaneously achieves confidentiality and integrity, was put forward as a desirable first-class primitive to be exposed by libraries and APIs to the end developer. Providing direct access to AE rather than requiring developers to orchestrate calls to several lower-level functions is seen as a step towards improving the quality of security-critical code. An indication of both the importance of useable AE and the difficulty of getting it right, are the number of standards that were developed over the years. These specified different methods for AE: the CCM method is specified in IEEE 802.11i, IPsec ESP, and IKEv2; the GCM method is specified in NIST SP 800-38D; the EAX method is specified in ANSI C12.22; and ISO/IEC 19772:2009 defines six methods, including five dedicated AE designs and one generic composition method, namely Encrypt-then-MAC. Several security issues have recently arisen and been reported in the (mis)use of symmetric key encryption with authentication in practice. As a result, the cryptographic community has initiated the Competition for Authenticated Encryption: Security, Applicability, and Robustness (CAESAR), to boost public discussions towards a better understanding of these issues, and to identify a portfolio of efficient and secure AE schemes. Our project aims to contribute to the design, analysis, evaluation, and classification of the emerging AE schemes during the CAESAR competition. It has effected many practical security protocols that use AE schemes as indispensable underlying primitives. Our work has broader implications for the theory of AE as an important research area in symmetric-key cryptography.

EPFL PIs:   Edouard Bugnion (opens in new tab) , Babak Falsafi Microsoft PI:  Dushyanth Naraya

The goal of the Scale-Out NUMA project is to deliver energy-efficient, low-latency access to remote memory in datacentre applications, with a focus on rack-scale deployments. Such infrastructure will become critical for both web-scale only applications as well as scale-out analytics where the dataset can reside in the collective (but distributed) memory of a cluster of servers. Our approach to the problem layers an RDMA-inspired programming model directly on top of a NUMA fabric via stateless messaging protocol. To facilitate interactions between the application, the OS and the fabric, soNUMA relies on the remote memory controller – a new architecturally-exposed hardware block integrated into the node’s local coherence hierarchy.

EPFL PI:  Florin Dinu Microsoft PI:   Sergey Legtchenko (opens in new tab)

Our vision is of resource-efficient datacenters where the compute nodes are fully utilized. We see two challenges to manifesting this vision. The first is the increasing use of hardware heterogeneity in datacenters. Heterogeneity, while both unavoidable and desirable, does not lend itself to today’s systems and algorithms, which inefficiently handle heterogeneity. The second challenge is the aggressive scale-out of datacenters. Scale-out has made it conveniently easy to disregard inefficiencies at the level of individual compute nodes because it has been historically easy to expand to new resources. However, apart from being unnecessarily costly, such scale-out techniques are now becoming impractical due to the size of the datasets. Moreover, scale-out often adds new inefficiencies. We argue that to meet these challenges, we must start from a thorough understanding of the resource requirements of today’s datacenter jobs. With this understanding, we aim to design new scheduling techniques that efficiently use resources, even in heterogeneous environments. Further, we aim to fundamentally change the way data-parallel processing systems are built and to make efficient compute node resource utilization a cornerstone of their design. Our first goal is to automatically characterize the pattern of memory requirements of data-parallel jobs. Specifically, we want to go beyond the current practices that are interested only in peak memory usage. To better identify opportunities for efficient memory management, more granular information is necessary. Our second goal is to use knowledge of the pattern of memory requirements to design informed scheduling algorithms that manage memory efficiently. The third goal of the project is to design data-parallel processing systems that are efficient in terms of managing memory, not only by understanding task memory requirements, but also by shaping those memory requirements.

ETH Zurich projects (2014-2016)

ETH Zurich PI:   Torsten Hoefler (opens in new tab) Microsoft PI:   Miguel Castro (opens in new tab)

Disk-backed in-memory key/value stores are gaining significance as many industries are moving toward big data analytics. Storage space and query time requirements are challenging, since the analysis has to be performed at the lowest cost to be useful from a business perspective. Despite those cost constraints, today’s systems are heavily overprovisioned when it comes to resiliency. The undifferentiated three-copy approach leads to a potential waste of bandwidth and storage resources, which then makes the overall system less efficient or more expensive. We propose to revisit currently used resiliency schemes, with the help of analytical hardware failure models. We will utilize those models to capture the exact tradeoff between the overhead due to replication and the exact resiliency requirements that are defined in a contract. Our key idea is to model reliability as an explicit resource that the user allocates consciously. In previous work, we have been able to speed-up scientific computing applications, as well as a distributed hashtable, on several hundred-thousand cores by more than 20 percent, with the use of advanced RDMA programming techniques. We have also demonstrated low-cost resiliency schemes based on erasure coding for RDMA environments. In addition, we propose to apply our experience with large-scale RDMA programming to the design of in-memory databases, a problem very similar to distributed hashtables. To make reliability explicit, we plan to extend the key value store with explicit reliability attributes that allow the user to specify reliability and availability requirements for each key (or group of keys). Our work may change the perspective in datacenter resiliency. Defining fine-grained, per-object resiliency levels and tuning them to the exact environment may provide large cost benefits and impact industry. For example, changing the standard three-replica scheme to erasure coding can easily save 30 percent of storage expenses.

ETH Zurich PI:  Gustavo Alonso Microsoft PI:   Ken Eguro (opens in new tab)

One of the biggest challenges for software these days is to adapt to the rapid changes in hardware and processor architecture. On the one hand, extracting performance from modern hardware requires dealing with increasing levels of parallelism. On the other hand, the wide variety of architectural possibilities and multiplicity of processor types raise many questions in terms of the optimal platform for deploying applications. In this project we will explore the efficient implementation of data processing operators in FPGAs, as well as the architectural issues involved in the integration of FPGAs as co-processors in commodity servers. The target application is big data and data processing engines (relational, No-SQL, data warehouses, etc.). Through this line of work, the project aims at exploring architectures that will result in computing nodes with a smaller energy consumption and physical size, but capable of providing a performance boost to applications for big data. FPGAs should be seen here not as a goal in themselves, but as an enabling platform for the exploration of different architectures and levels of parallelism that will allow us to bypass the inherent restriction of conventional processors. On the practical side, the project will focus on both the use of FPGAs as co-processors inside existing engines, as well as on developing proof-of-concept implementations of data processing engines entirely implemented in FPGAs. In this area, the project complements very well with ongoing efforts at Microsoft Research around Cipherbase, a trusted computing system based on SQL server deployments in the cloud. On the conceptual side, the project will explore the development of data structures and algorithms capable of exploiting the massive parallelism available in FPGAs, with a view to gaining much needed insights on how to adapt existing data processing systems to multi- and many-core architectures. Here, we expect to gain insights on how to redesign both standard relational data operators, as well as data mining and machine learning operators, to better take advantage of the increasing amounts of parallelism available in future processors.

ETH Zurich PIs:  Otmar Hilliges, Marc Pollefeys Microsoft PI:  Shahram Izadi

In recent years, robotics research has made tremendous progress and it is becoming conceivable that robots will be as ubiquitous and irreplaceable in our daily lives as they are within industrial settings. Continued improvements, in terms of mechatronics and control aspects, coupled with continued advances in consumer electronics, have made robots ever smaller, autonomous, and agile. One area of recent advances in robotics is the notion of micro-aerial vehicles (MAVs) [14, 16]. These are small, flying robots that are very agile, can operate in a 3D space, indoors and outdoors, and can carry small payloads — including input and output devices — and can navigate difficult environments, such as stairs, more easily than terrestrial robots; and hence can reach locations that no other robot or indeed humans can reach. Surprisingly, to date there is little research on such flying robots in an interactive context or on MAVs operating in near proximity to humans. In our project, we explore the opportunities that arise from aerial robots that operate in close proximity to and in collaboration with a human user. In particular, we are interested in developing a robotic platform in which a) the robot is aware of the human user and can navigate relative to the user; b) the robot can recognize various gestures from afar, as well as receive direct, physical manipulations; c) the robot can carry small payloads — in particular input and output devices such as additional cameras or projectors. Finally, we are developing novel algorithms to track and recognize user input, by using the onboard cameras, in real-time and with very low-latency, to build on the now substantial body of research on gestural and natural interfaces. Gesture recognition can be used for MAV control (for example, controlling the camera) or to interact with virtual content.

ETH Zurich PI:  Roger Wattenhofer Microsoft PI:  Ratul Mahajan

The Internet is designed as a robust service to ensure that we can use it with selfish participants present. As such, a loss in total performance must be accepted. However, if a whole wide-area network (WAN) was controlled by a single entity, why should one use the very techniques designed for the Internet? Large providers such as Microsoft, Amazon, or Google operate their own WANs, which cost them hundreds of millions of dollars per year; yet even their busier links average only 40–60 percent utilization. This gives rise to Software Defined Networks (SDNs), which allow the separation of the data and the control plane in a network. A centralized controller can install and update rules all over the WAN, to optimize its goals. Despite SDNs receiving a lot of attention in both theory and practice, many questions are still unanswered. Even though the control of the network is centralized, distributing the updates does not happen instantaneously. Numerous problems can occur, such as the dropping of packets, generation of loops, breaking the memory/bandwidth limit of switches/links, and missing packet coherence. These problems must be solved before SDNs can be broadly deployed. This research project sheds more light on these fundamental issues of SDNs and how they can be tackled. In parallel, we look at SDNs from a game-theoretic perspective.

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Joint Research Projects

Joint Research Projects (JRP) is a type of international programme in which the SAS and the relevant partner organisation abroad fund bilateral research projects prepared and implemented in close cooperation with researchers from two countries. (In the case of the programmes with Japan and Korea, the V4 countries as a whole are considered the other party of bilateral cooperation.) The key for the projects is the interconnection of research activities in both countries and the complementarity of the expertise of the collaborating teams. The aim is to support exchanges and cooperation between SAS researchers and researchers, engineers and institutions in the partner country, for example to submit other joint projects within European schemes.

Details and specifics concerning the method of submitting project proposals, evaluation criteria and the financial model of support for selected projects are regulated by each call separately. The evaluation is done either in the form of two parallel evaluation processes at the national level or centrally in an international evaluation panel, depending on the specific call.

Standard duration of the projects

max. 3 years

Amount of support for SAS applicants

According to the conditions set out in the specific call. (Normally up to 120,000 EUR/project, of which 45,000 EUR/ project represents a co-participation of the applicant SAS organisation.)

Thematic focus of projects

without limitation (SAS-NSTC  JRP) / according to the specification stated in the call (SAS-TUBITAK, V4-Japan, V4-Korea)

Overview of JRP SAS programmes

Name Abbreviation Country Partner organisation
SAS-NSTC Joint Research Projects SAS-NSTC  JRP Taiwan National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
TÜBİTAK-SAS Bilateral
Cooperation Projects
SAS-TUBITAK JRP Turkey Scientific and Technological Research
Council of Turkey
V4-Korea Joint Research
Program
V4-Korea JRP Korea
Czech
Republic
Hungary
Poland
– National Research Foundation of Korea
– Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of
the Czech Republic
– National Research, Development and
Innovation Office of Hungary
– National Centre for Research and
Development of Poland
V4-Japan Joint Research
Program
V4-Japan JRP Japan
Czech
Republic
Hungary
Poland
– Japan Science and Technology Agency
– Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of
the Czech Republic
– National Research, Development and
Innovation Office of Hungary
–National Centre for Research and
Development of Poland

Current calls for JRP programmes will be published in the  News section .

Joint Research Project

Development of an industry recognised benchmark for ship energy efficiency solutions, the project was completed in 2023 and all the results and geometries will be publicly available from 1 december 2024. stay tuned.

Striving to increase confidence in numerical methods and create a basis to further ship performance improvement and industry digitalisation.

Latest News

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Open Workshop on Ship Scale Resistance

As you probably know, the JoRes Joint Industry project was successfully completed on the 1st of Dece...

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JoRes project at the World Laureates f

Dr Dmitriy Ponkratov has recently presented the JoRes project at the World Laureates Forum in Shangh...

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Final meeting of JoRes project phase 1

Phase 1 of the JoRes project is coming to an end and we had an exciting final project meeting in Ost...

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The Joint Research Project mission is to collect and develop, through collaboration, a full set of ship performance data, to better understand the potential for ship energy efficiency.

Model tests results, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) calculations, sea trials measurements and long-term monitoring data.

Recommendations and best practices on ship scale CFD.

Confidence in CFD to make more accurate energy-efficiency predictions.

Ship scale validation cases

MV Regal JoRes1 Tanker JoRes2 RoRo Ferry JoRes3 Cruise Liner JoRes4 Deniz Tug JoRes5 Bulk Carrier
Geometry files formats .igs .stp .stl .igs .stp .stl .3dm .igs .stp .stl .dbs .igs .stp .stl .igs .stp .stl .igs .stp .stl
Length between perpendiculars, m 138.0 178.5 170.0 226 18.28 182.0
Breadth moulded, m 23.0 32.26 27.7 32.2 7.46 32.26
Model tests at the trials draughts SINTEF and CSSRC SSPA and HSVA N N N N
Energy Saving Device (ESD) N PBCF, skeg, rudder plate Twisted rudders Twisted rudders Ducts Pre Swirl Stators
Propeller 1FPP 4 blades 1FPP, 4 blade 2CPP, 4 blades 2FPP, 5 blades 2FPP, 4 blades 1FPP, 4 blades
Average Weld seams width, mm N 24.5 22.2 N N N
Information about Anodic protection Y Y Y Y Y N
Information about Bulge keels Y Y Y Y Y N
Equivalent sand grain hull roughness, µm 440 53 17 15 66 53
Equivalent sand grain rudder roughness, µm 440 63 22 230 132 63
Equivalent sand grain propeller roughness, µm 6 4 3 Y Y 4
Deep water trials Y Y Y Y Y Y
Shallow water trials N N N Y N N
Sea trials speeds, kn 9.03
8.96
11.25
13.34
14.14
16.66 ~12 ~6
~7.5
~8.5
~10
13.65
15.25
16.02
16.32
Draughts Ballast Loaded Ballast Ballast n/a Ballast
Propeller torque measurements Y Y Y Y Y Y
Propeller thrust measurements Y N Y Y N N
PIV flow measurements N Y N N N N
Cavitation observations Y N N N N Y
Pressure pulses measurements Y N N N N N
Drone videos of wave pattern Y N N N Y N
Bridge videos of wave pattern Y N N N N N
Trials with and without ESD N N N N N Y
Zig-zag 10 deg tests N N N Y Y N
Zig-sag 20 deg tests N N N Y Y N
Turning circle N N N N Y N
Inertia Stop N N N N Y N
Acceleration N N N N Y N
Crash Stop N N N N Y N
Bollard pull N N N N Y N
Long term monitoring data Y N Y Y N N

Testimonials

The focus on full scale performance predictions based on CFD in this JoRes project is well in line with the vision of Wartsila Propulsion. A joint approach is the most logical way to reach the final goal.

Norbert Bulten, Product Performance Manager, Wartsila

The proposed JoRes presents a great opportunity to better understand the performance challenges facing ship designers and operators. It can also help them find better solutions as they seek to meet IMO pollution targets. This is a very comprehensive and timely initiative which will increase confidence within the wider industry in ship scale CFD performance predictions.

Dr. Dejan Radosavljevic, Director, Marine, Siemens Industry Software

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  • A-Z WHOI Labs/Groups Listing

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JOINT PROGRAM IN OCEANOGRAPHY/APPLIED OCEAN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

Research Projects for New Students

Many other faculty are interested in attracting students to study with them.  Several have proposals pending that may be funded by the time admissions decisions are made. Funding may also come from internal MIT-WHOI fellowship sources, or external Fellowship sources for which prospective students are encouraged to apply. See list at https://mit.whoi.edu/admissions/funding/graduate-fellowship-opportunities/

We encourage prospective students to explore  faculty 's research areas of interest and contact them directly. When contacting them, please state your research interests and include your CV and an unofficial transcript.

2024-2045 Research Projects:

Research projects for the 2024-2025 admissions cycle are anticipated to be posted beginning in September 2024.

2023-2024 Research Projects:

  • The Biogeochemical Ocean Observing and Model lab boom.science, led by Dr. David (Roo) Nicholson is seeking a Ph.D. student to join a newly funded NOAA project on carbon dioxide uptake associated with ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE). OAE is a carbon dioxide removal approach that enhances the ocean’s natural ability to remove carbon from the atmosphere, which is a critical part of Earth’s carbon cycle and a moderating influence on climate change. The project is a collaboration with Drs. Robert Todd (WHOI) , Adam Subhas (WHOI) , Yui Takeshita (MBARI) and Kasia Zaba (Marine Robotic Vehicles - Systems LLC) and will be closely coordinated with the LOC-NESS project led by Dr. Subhas ( locness.whoi.edu ). The team will use five ocean gliders to track alkalinity released by a field trial in the Gulf of Maine. The gliders will track a patch of seawater with elevated alkalinity and ‘tagged’ with an inert dye and monitor changes in pH. Ultimately, the project seeks to develop robust methodologies for quantifying ocean carbon uptake and ecological feedbacks using autonomous underwater systems and sensors. Applicants from a wide range disciplinary and demographic backgrounds are encouraged to apply. Strong quantitative skills and training in chemical, physical or earth science and/or engineering are desired.
  • Drs. Malcolm Scully , Anna Michel and David (Roo) Nicholson are seeking a doctoral student to be part of an NSF-funded study entitled “Physical Control of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Flux in Estuaries.” This highly interdisciplinary project seeks to develop a comprehensive understanding of how physical and biogeochemical processes interact in estuaries to modulate atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange. We will make unprecedented measurements of the spatial and temporal variations in pCO2 and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the Hudson River estuary from a moored array and from ship-based surveys, to resolve variability in the along- and across-estuary directions. These measurements will include both the surface and sub-surface distribution of dissolved gases, and their distribution will be related to variations in vertical density stratification and estuarine circulation. Direct covariance atmospheric CO2 flux and water column turbulence measurements will be made from a fixed tower that spans the air-sea interface at a location where near surface turbulence is likely impacted by wind, waves, and tides, and is significantly modified by variations in vertical density stratification. These data will provide a quantitative model for the gas transfer velocity, which will be used to estimate atmospheric fluxes from the spatially resolved measurements of surface pCO2. The proposed measurements will address two long-standing research needs that contribute to the large uncertainties in estuarine CO2 emissions: 1) spatial and temporal heterogeneity in surface pCO2 values, and 2) poorly constrained gas transfer velocities. The proposed research addresses these two fundamental uncertainties, both of which are strongly modulated by physical processes, and a new conceptual model for gas exchange that is hypothesized to be applicable to a wide range of estuaries will be tested. This project will include extensive field work on the Hudson River in both 2024 and 2025.  We welcome students from physical oceanography, chemical oceanography, applied ocean physics, and engineering.
  • Arctic coastal zones are experiencing especially rapid changes due to the loss of sea ice cover, which has increased the duration of wave exposure and strength of wave energy reaching the coast. Dr. Maddie Smith is seeking a doctoral student to participate in research to understand the impact of waves on new ice formation in the fall, which plays a critical role in the coupled Arctic coastal system and coastline buffering. This work would include a research cruise in the Alaskan Arctic with collaborators at Oregon State University and the University of Washington. Previous field experience is not necessary; students from diverse background are encouraged to apply.
  • Drs. Julia Guimond, Christopher Piecuch, and Catherine Walker are seeking a doctoral student to start in the Summer or Fall of 2023 and work on a project entitled “Global High-Resolution Estimates and Projections of Vertical Land Motion Using Observation-Informed Statistical Model”. The project will involve collaboration with NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (in collaboration with Dr. Benjamin Hamlington) and NOAA National Ocean Service (in collaboration with Dr. William Sweet). The goal of the project is to use observations and models to better constrain past and future coastal subsidence and land loss, which worsen the effects of sea-level rise. The student will have the opportunity to gain experience with Bayesian methods as well as remote sensing, in-situ data, proxy records in the context of sea level and coastal impacts.
  • Dr. Catherine Rychert is seeking a graduate student to work on a funded NSF project entitled, " Mantle Dynamics and Plate Tectonics Constrained by Converted and Reflected Seismic Wave Imaging Beneath Hotspots ,” for summer or fall 2024 enrolment in the Woods Hole - MIT joint program. The student will use novel techniques to image mantle seismic discontinuities beneath a classic continental hotspot - Yellowstone, a classic oceanic hotspot -Hawaii, and a non-hotspot, beneath the Atlantic. Discontinuities of particular interest include the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary and the mantle transition zone. Imaging results will be compared with experimental predictions for material properties to achieve a better understanding of Earth’s interior dynamics in these exciting places. This work is in collaboration with Peter Shearer at Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
  • Dr. Catherine Rychert and Dr. Nicholas Harmon are seeking a graduate student to work on an NSF project entitled, " Origin and Evolution of the Oceanic Lithosphere at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge ,” for summer or fall 2024 enrolment in the Woods Hole - MIT joint program. The student will use novel techniques to image the mantle using a unique broadband ocean bottom seismic dataset. The student will perform joint inversions of different types of seismic and/or magnetotelluric datasets to achieve a synoptic view of mantle and crustal dynamics in the region. A step increase in our understanding of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system will be achieved via comparisons to other oceanic datasets. There are also broad implications for climate and hazard.
  • Dr. Catherine Rychert and Dr. Nicholas Harmon are seeking a graduate student to work on an NSF project entitled, " Geophysical and geochemical investigation of links between Earth’s deep and shallow volatile cycles ,” for summer or fall 2024 enrolment in the Woods Hole - MIT joint program. The student will use a new SS precursor imaging approach to image mantle transition zone, the gatekeeper of the mantle, to determine mantle flow patterns. Links with geochemistry will provide a wholistic and interdisciplinary view of the volatile cycles of the Earth. This in turn has broad implications for our understanding of climate and hazard. The project is in collaboration with Katie Kelley at University of Rhode Island.
  • Dr Catherine Rychert and Dr. Nicholas Harmon are seeking a graduate student to work on an NSF project entitled, “ Disentangling oceanographic and solid Earth signals for a better understanding of tectonics, hazard, and climate ”, for summer or fall 2024 enrollment in the Woods Hole – MIT joint program. The oceans and the solid-Earth are intricately linked, but typically studied separately. The student will use a comprehensive suite of mooring full water depth oceanographic data and high precision ocean bottom pressure data from the RAPID/MOCA and MOVE mooring arrays to study geodetic seafloor motions and their influence on observational constraints of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) slow-down. This project provides a better understanding of the “pulse” of climate change and vertical tectonic motions associated with active plate tectonics and earthquake hazard at the MOVE array in the Lesser Antilles. This project is in conjunction with Matthias Lankhorst and Uwe Send at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and international partners at the National Oceanography Center, UK and University of Hamburg, Germany.

The following are examples of research projects that were available to new students for the 2022-2023 academic year.  Research projects available for the 2023-2024 academic year will be added soon. 

Applied Ocean Science and Engineering

The MSEAS group at MIT has graduate student positions available. Our research vision is to develop and transform ocean modeling, data assimilation and inference schemes to quantify regional ocean dynamics on multiple scales. Our group creates and utilizes new models and methods for multiscale modeling, uncertainty quantification, data assimilation and the guidance of autonomous vehicles. We then apply these advances to better understand physical, acoustical and biological interactions. Our environment is collaborative within a lively group of students and researchers. We seek both fundamental and applied contributions to build knowledge and benefit society. Our present research projects are outlined here: http://mseas.mit.edu/research and our recent publications here http://mseas.mit.edu/publications .

Biological Oceanography

Chemical oceanography.

Subduction zones are the interface between Earth’s interior (crust and mantle) and exterior (atmosphere and oceans), where carbon and other volatile elements are actively moved between terrestrial reservoirs by plate tectonics. Dr. Pete Barry  is seeking a doctoral student to study the volcanic fluid and gas emissions in the Andean Convergent Margin (ACM). Specifically, a position is available on an NSF funded project to gain a better understanding of the deep carbon cycle and natural carbon sequestration processes in Earth’s crust. This project will characterize the extent of mineralogical and biological carbon sequestration along the geologically well-studied ACM, using an integrated isotope approach (noble gases and stable isotopes). Extensive field campaigns and mass spectrometry work will be a cornerstone of this project.  More information on the Barry Lab and the research group can be found at https://www2.whoi.edu/staff/pbarry/

Deep ocean circulation plays a key role in global climate change over a range of timescales, and neodymium (Nd) isotopes have the potential to trace these processes. Dr. Sophie Hines is seeking a doctoral student to investigate the mechanisms that set the Nd isotopic composition of North Atlantic Deep Water, a global Nd isotopic endmember that is implicated in major climate transitions in the past. This position is part of an NSF-funded project (with collaborators at University of Delaware and California State University Bakersfield) that will involve a research cruise to the Labrador Sea. In addition, the student will be trained in trace metal chemistry and mass spectrometry. Students from diverse backgrounds are encouraged to apply. More information can be found at hineslab.whoi.edu .

Ono laboratory for Stable Isotope Geochemistry (based at MIT) is seeking a doctoral student to join the team to explore rock weathering as a sink of carbon dioxide. Burning fossil fuels and the cement industry adds approximately 30 Gt CO2 per year. Weathering rocks is a natural process that consumes about 1.5Gt of CO2 per year. The project seems to investigate a way to accelerate rock weathering as part of a mitigation strategy for increasing atmospheric CO2. The student would design and test biological and chemical catalysts, and conduct laboratory experiments to investigate the rates of mineral carbonation.

Marine Geology and Geophysics

Dr. Veronique Le Roux is seeking a doctoral student to be part of an NSF-funded interdisciplinary study (collaboration with Scripps and BC) on water/volatiles in lower crustal cumulates from arc settings. The student will be primarily trained in using and developing secondary ion mass spectrometry techniques and other geochemical techniques (e.g., SEM-EDS, LA-ICP-MS, EPMA etc.), with opportunities to contribute to discussion related to rheology and numerical modeling of crustal foundering, as part of the larger collaborative project. The goal is to use exposed terranes of lower crustal cumulates to determine the water contents of arc roots and primary arc magmas, building on novel results from our preliminary study. The Le Roux lab strongly encourages people of diverse backgrounds to reach out and apply.

Dr. Catherine Rychert is seeking one or more graduate students to work on an NSF funded project entitled, "Mantle Dynamics and Plate Tectonics Constrained by Converted and Reflected Seismic Wave Imaging Beneath Hotspots,” for summer or fall 2023 enrolment in the Woods Hole - MIT joint program. The student will use novel techniques to image mantle seismic discontinuities beneath a classic continental hotspot - Yellowstone, a classic oceanic hotspot -Hawaii, and a non-hotspot, beneath the Atlantic. Discontinuities of particular interest include the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary and the mantle transition zone. Imaging results will be compared with experimental predictions for material properties to achieve a better understanding of Earth’s interior dynamics in these exciting places. This work is in collaboration with Peter Shearer at Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

Drs. Veronique Le Roux and Andrew Cross are seeking a doctoral student to work on an NSF-funded project entitled “Strength of the Oceanic Lower Crust: New Experimental and Microstructural Constraints” . The project will involve high-pressure laboratory deformation experiments on aggregates of plagioclase and clinopyroxene at Brown University (in collaboration with Dr. Greg Hirth), and microstructural and geochemical analyses of lower crustal rocks from the Southwest Indian Ridge, using SEM, EBSD, EPMA, and LA-ICP-MS methods. Ultimately, the goal of the project is to determine how ductile deformation, and the strength of the oceanic lower crust, influence the nucleation and longevity of detachment faulting along ultraslow-spreading mid-ocean ridges. The student will also have the opportunity to help develop numerical models of oceanic detachment faulting and mid-ocean spreading in collaboration with researchers at Boston College (led by Dr. Mark Behn). 

Physical Oceanography

Dr. Amala Mahadevan is seeking a doctoral student for the following project.

Quantitative approaches for oceanic microbial ecosystems and carbon cycling

Oceanic ecosystems are crucial for the ocean’s biological pump and the sequestration of carbon. However, the diversity of microbial organisms and nonliving organic matter is so large, that it is difficult to exhaustively include processes that affect the cycling of carbon. We are limited in our knowledge of rates of transfer (growth/ decay) of carbon pools and organisms and the models that we design are sensitive to these. We also face the challenge of representing physical processes at small scales (from centimeters to meters) and environmental variability (from tens of meters to kilometer scales) in global carbon cycle models. Further, the organisms and microbial communities respond to ocean transport and physics. Hence, new approaches are needed to deal with the diversity of function and process, as well as scale, in models for microbial ecosystems and the carbon cycle. The PhD student will explore mathematically tractable approaches to modeling the complexity of oceanic microbial ecosystems, so as to make progress in understanding the carbon cycle, which is intrinsic to the earth’s climate. The research will be interdisciplinary, including physical oceanography, mathematics and microbial biology, There will be opportunities for field work and collaboration with other scientists on the project. This position is dependent on a pending proposal.

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Grant program defraying costs of overseas travel for Waseda researchers and their overseas counterparts to promote international joint research.

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  • 30 May 2024
  • Correction 03 June 2024

Japan’s push to make all research open access is taking shape

  • Dalmeet Singh Chawla 0

Dalmeet Singh Chawla is a freelance science journalist based in London.

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The Japanese government is pushing ahead with a plan to make Japan’s publicly funded research output free to read. In June, the science ministry will assign funding to universities to build the infrastructure needed to make research papers free to read on a national scale. The move follows the ministry’s announcement in February that researchers who receive government funding will be required to make their papers freely available to read on the institutional repositories from April 2025.

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doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-01493-8

Updates & Corrections

Correction 03 June 2024 : The original version of this article incorrectly stated the date of the commencement of the open access policy, and incorrectly identified Shimasaki Seiichi's job title. The text has been updated.

Ide, K. & Nakayama, J.-I. Genes Cells 28 , 333–337 (2023).

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[Call for Proposal] Korea-China Key Joint Research Program 2023

   

The National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF), upon the agreement withNational Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC), announces the call for the “Key Joint Research Program 2023”.

July 19th, 2023

LEE Kwang Bok

National Research Foundation of Korea

※  This is an english translation for foreign researchers affiliated to Korean universities/institute.

※  The Korean version can be found at the URL below.

https://www.nrf.re.kr/biz/info/notice/view?menu_no=378&page=&nts_no=201479&biz_no=213&target=&biz_not_gubn=guide&search_type=NTS_TITLE&search_keyword1=

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The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)   and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) are organizing a two-day symposium on suicide prevention   , a key priority of the Americas' public health agenda. The symposium will provide an opportunity for countries in the Region and relevant actors to discuss advances and gaps in suicide research, evidence-based interventions, and how to strengthen links between research and policy for suicide prevention.

The symposium will include panel discussions and plenary sessions led by international experts in the fields of mental health and suicide prevention. It will be live-streamed with simultaneous translation in English and Spanish   .

  • To discuss the current state of knowledge on suicide risk and prevention, evidence-based prevention strategies, and optimal service delivery approaches;
  • To share national experiences on implementing evidence-based suicide prevention strategies;
  • To foster multisectoral collaboration between governments, academic institutions, and civil society to promote strategies to prevent self-harm and suicide, and
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CU Boulder, industry partner on space docking and satellite AI research

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Docking with a satellite orbiting Earth is delicate business, with one wrong move spelling disaster. A team of industry and University of Colorado Boulder researchers is trying to make it easier.

The work is part of two major business-university grant partnerships that include the lab of Hanspeter Schaub, a professor and chair of the Ann and H.J. Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences.

“The goal with these grants is very much tech transfer,” Schaub said. “We’re combining university research with business goals and initiatives to develop a product or service.”

The first project is a U.S. Space Force Small Business Technology Transfer grant with In Orbit Aerospace Inc. The goal is to use electro adhesive forces to ease docking between satellites, future space cargo vehicles, or orbital debris. Electro adhesion uses short-range strong electric fields to hold together adjacent bodies, even if they are not made of magnetic materials.

“Docking in space is surprisingly difficult. If servicer bumps target vehicle in an unexpected manner, it’s going to bounce off and fly away. Electro adhesion has been used a lot already with manufacturing on Earth. With electric fields, you can create attractive forces to grab stuff. They’re not huge forces, but they’re nice,” Schaub said.

The team completed early work on the project last year and has now advanced to a second stage, which began in May.

Schaub’s portion of the grant is worth about $500,000 over 18 months, and includes numerical modeling and atmospheric experiments as well as the creation of samples to test in the lab’s vacuum chamber that approximates orbital conditions.

It is not the only business development grant in Schaub’s lab. He and Associate Professor Nisar Ahmed are also in the process of setting up a contract with Trusted Space, Inc. on a U.S. Air Force STTR grant to advance autonomous satellite fault identification. CU Boulder’s portion of this project is worth roughly $300,000 over 18 months.

Like all electronics and machines, satellites sometimes fail. The goal of the effort with Trusted Space is to develop an AI that can automatically identify likely sources of errors.

“If a satellite isn’t tracking in orbit, maybe something bumped into it, maybe the rate gyroscope is off, maybe everything is fine but a sensor is giving bad information. There might be 10 different reasons why and we’re trying to down select in an automated way so a human doesn’t have to scour through datasets manually,” Schaub said.

The team has completed proof of concept work on a Phase 1 grant and is now advancing to Phase 2, modeling dozens of potential errors.

Both grants make extensive use of Basilisk, a piece of software developed by Schaub’s lab to conduct spacecraft mission simulations.

Although many of Schaub’s grants are directly with government agencies or multi-university initiatives, he said conducting work with a business partner offers unique opportunities for advancing science and additional potential for students.

“Students get exposure to industry and are excited because suddenly people outside the research community are interested in what they’re doing,” Schaub said. “They attend meetings and see how projects are run, what challenges industry is trying to solve. It helps influence their dissertations and gives more focus. I see a lot of benefits and companies also often want to hire the students.”

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Beyond Gross Domestic Product: including nature in economic policy assessment

Nature-inclusive policy-making requires an indicator measuring the contribution from ecosystems to the benefits used by people and society. Such an indicator should complement the typical economic measure of GDP in policy scenarios and assessments.

Vibrant orange petals of a flowering plant provide nectar for a monarch butterfly

The supply of ecosystem services, such as crop pollination and water purification, are of great importance to any economy, both directly and indirectly. However, most assessments use Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the main economic development indicator. GDP shows the total value of output/income generated in a country, but it does not capture fully the contributions of nature to economic activity. The concept of Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP), which summarises the value that ecosystem services provide to the economy in monetary terms, is a way to overcome these shortcomings in policy assessments. It also allows assessing the impact of particular policies on the overall condition of ecosystems.

A JRC study shows the importance of adding nature’s value 

The  Gross Ecosystem Product in Macroeconomic Modelling report explains and showcases how GEP can be applied in macroeconomic analyses alongside the traditional GDP indicator. The application of GEP to assess the value of ecosystem services in the decision-making process could enhance the quality of new policies and stewardship, which in turn could improve the management of natural capital. 

Real-world policy implementations of GEP as a metric alongside GDP are still pending due to various reasons, including technical limitations related to data availability and the complexity of ecosystem service valuation resulting in large uncertainties of estimates. However, preliminary simulations using the INCA (Integrated Natural Capital Accounting) approach and data show that the inclusion of GEP can alter the outcome of evaluations significantly, offering a more nuanced and realistic picture of the value of ecosystem services. 

For example, JRC researchers simulated a scenario in which changes in consumer preferences lead to a gradual increase in the consumption of proteins of plant origin. GDP would record a positive, yet very small, economic impact: an increase of 0.01% in the EU in 2030 compared to the reference scenario. In contrast, the GEP index would increase by 1.5%: this corresponds to 2.3 billion euros, a significant economic impact that GDP missed almost entirely.

A fruitful collaboration

The report is the result of a cooperation between scientists from the JRC and Wageningen Economic Research (WEcR), who develop and operate a macroeconomic model called MAGNET. Compared to other models used to assess the impact of policies on the economy, MAGNET was the most fitting option due to its built-in ability to represent land supply and forestry. JRC researchers introduced the new GEP module to MAGNET, which allows comparing the impact of different policies on both GDP and GEP in the European Union. The GEP module uses the INCA dataset, developed and maintained by the JRC, to incorporate the value of ecosystem services. This dataset is a product of the INCA project, which follows the System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA) global framework. Adhering to this international standard ensures the credibility of the GEP module.

The development of the GEP module is an ongoing process: JRC researchers are working on ways to make it even more accurate and effective. For example, connecting it to larger and more detailed data sets could lead to better specification of the ecosystem services supply functions and to the inclusion of more types of ecosystem services in the GEP indicator. Enriching GEP accounting with perspectives on the link between biological and human production, or considering harm to the ecosystem carrying capacity, may also contribute to make the model more accurate. 

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  • India Sri Lanka Joint Call for Research Proposal  >>  

India Sri Lanka Joint Call for Research Proposal

The Ministry of Education, Research and Innovation Division, Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India renewed the Programme of Cooperation (PoC) in Science and Technology, on August 14 th 2022. In terms of the PoC, funding can be made available for selected Joint Projects in bilateral mode involving scientist & technologists from India and Sri Lanka, in the following areas:

  • Food Technology
  • Plant base medicines
  • Robotics & Automation
  • Renewable Energy
  • Waste Management
  • Information and Communication Technology
  • Sustainable Agriculture
  • Aerospace Engineering
  • Big data analysis
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Any other area of S&T with national relevance (with Justifications)

The Ministry of Education, Research and Innovation Division and DST (hereinafter referred to as the “Implementing Agencies”) hereby invite Indian and Sri Lankan scientists/researchers to submit proposals for Joint Research Projects in any of the above areas in terms of the provisions herein set out.

The guidelines and online format may be seen at e-PMS portal of DST. The applicants may apply online by using the following link:

https://onlinedst.gov.in/

Contact Details:

The following may be connected for further details and clarifications, if any-


Director (International Relations)
Research and Innovation Division
Ministry of Education
3 Floor, Sethsiripaya, Phase 1, Battaramulla,
Sri Lanka
Telephone:+94 112863324 / +94 112879376
Fax:+94 112879376
E mail: motrird[at]gmail[dot]com
URL:


Scientist ‘D’
International Bilateral Division
Department of Science and Technology,  Technology Bhavan, New Mehrauli Road,  
New Delhi – 110 016, India
E-mail:c[dot]agarwal[at]gov[dot]in
URL:

*************

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  1. Outline

    The Bilateral Joint Research Projects/Seminars are comprised of two components: (A) Bilateral Joint Research Projects/Seminars with JSPS's Counterpart Agencies and (B) Open Partnership Joint Research Projects/Seminars. Open Partnership Joint Research Projects/Seminars provide Japanese researchers an opportunity to conduct research/seminar ...

  2. The management of industry-university joint research projects: how do

    Benefits derived from industry-university joint research projects (e.g., competitive advantages for firms, opportunities for field experimentation, the funding of academics' activities and knowledge and technology transfer among partners) are strongly affected by the management system exploited to combine partners' resources and tasks. Nevertheless, scholars have not paid great attention ...

  3. Joint Research Centre

    Joint Research Centre. Phone number. +32 2 299 11 11 (Commission switchboard) Postal address. European Commission, Rue du Champ de Mars 21, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. The Joint Research Centre is the Commission's science and knowledge service. The JRC employs scientists to carry out research in order to provide independent scientific advice and ...

  4. Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable ...

    A specific joint research structure must be well-prepared between the research institutions in the recipient country concerned and those in Japan that will undertake the joint research. ... for research project applied by the Japanese research institutions under JST/AMED program are to be submitted by the prescribed deadline. In case that the ...

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    The US-Japan Joint Research Projects have decades of rich and successful history contributing to advancing fusion materials science and enabling technologies, with FRONTIER as the latest, ongoing project. These projects are defined and approved by the Coordinating Committee on Fusion Energy (CCFE) under the "Agreement between the ...

  6. JSPS International Joint Research Program

    JSPS International Joint Research Program +81-3-3263-1918/1724 bottom-up*jsps.go.jp Note: Please replace*with @. ... As the Principal Investigator (PI) is overall responsible for and plays a vital role in carrying out the project plan, care should be taken not to appoint a person to the position who might loss his/her PI eligibility or ...

  7. The management of industry-university joint research projects: How do

    The nature of divergence and dynamic change of R&D progress would make the objectives or the scope of joint-research project which had ever agreed on between the partners gradually changed ...

  8. Joint Research Projects

    A co-funded research project with the University of Copenhagen provides access to: Specialist knowledge within a specific field of research; An international knowledge network at the highest level; The University's equipment and facilities; Opportunities for financing. A research project and a new partnership has a certain cost.

  9. Joint Research

    Developing and executing a joint research project is a complex undertaking. The need for coordination among all participants is high and different series of steps often have to be run through several times. The Technische Universität Berlin dialogue platform is an internal research support instrument to assist scientists with this process.

  10. Joint Research

    CSIS-JICA Joint Research Project on Transformative Innovation for Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction. The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)and JICA Research Institute (JICA-RI) launched a two-year joint research project on transformative innovation in the summer of 2015. The past few years have seen the emergence ...

  11. Knowledge networks in joint research projects, innovation ...

    Our dataset includes data on joint research projects taken from EU OPEN DATA PORTAL, Footnote 8 where it is possible to download the datasets containing projects funded by the European Union under the Framework programmes for research and technological development (FPs) and the Horizon 2020 programme. FPs are multi-annual and multi-thematic Footnote 9 financial instruments: over time they have ...

  12. Call for Joint Research Project

    The NOUS (NINS Open Use System) is an online integrated project management system for joint research and joint use projects hosted by NINS. It covers all of procedures from submission, examination, and adoption of research proposals to reporting, publication, and analysis of project outcomes (the NOUS is a system shared among NINS member organizations, including NIPS and the Animal Resource ...

  13. Joint Research Projects

    Joint Research Projects Joint Research Institutes will actively pursue the implementation of pilot Joint Research Projects in the framework of Joint Diploma, MSc and Ph.D. theses, funded projects as well as services provision to the industry (including vocational training). In order to ensure the efficient transfer of knowledge and dissemination of the common research activities, […]

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    The Microsoft Research Swiss Joint Research Center was established on June 2013 as the renewal of ICES (Innovation Cluster for Embedded Software), a collaborative research engagement between ETH Zurich, École Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), and Microsoft Research. Their shared vision is that the center undertake the toughest computer science challenges in areas as diverse as human ...

  15. Japan MoD, US DoD sign joint agreement for AI, UAS research

    The U.S. Department of Defense and the Japanese Ministry of Defense signed a project arrangement for joint research on Overwhelming Response through Collaborative Autonomy, Dec. 22. The project's objective is to revolutionize airborne combat by merging state-of-the-art artificial intelligence and machine learning with advanced unmanned air ...

  16. Joint Research Projects

    Joint Research Projects (JRP) is a type of international programme in which the SAS and the relevant partner organisation abroad fund bilateral research projects prepared and implemented in close cooperation with researchers from two countries. (In the case of the programmes with Japan and Korea, the V4 countries as a whole are considered the ...

  17. Jores

    The Joint Research Project mission is to collect and develop, through collaboration, a full set of ship performance data, to better understand the potential for ship energy efficiency. Collect. Model tests results, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) calculations, sea trials measurements and long-term monitoring data.

  18. Research Projects for New Students

    The following are examples of research projects that were available to new students for the 2022-2023 academic year. Research projects available for the 2023-2024 academic year will be added soon. Applied Ocean Science and Engineering. The MSEAS group at MIT has graduate student positions available. Our research vision is to develop and ...

  19. International Cooperation :: National Research Foundation of Korea

    Joint Research. open & close. International Cooperation. open & close. Global Research Development Center (GRDC) ... Korea-China Large Industry-University-Research Institute Joint Research Project. Korea-China-Japan S&T Cooperative Program. Korea-India Joint Network Center Program.

  20. PDF Call for Joint Research Projects Between the National Polytechnic

    6. The leading researchers of the IPN project shall: a) Be professors and/ or full-time career professors in service, with an academic category determined by the Human Capital Department of the Institute. b) Have directed at least two (2) research or innovation projects at the Research and Postgraduate Secretary.

  21. Grant Program for Promotion of International Joint Research

    Grant Program for Promotion of International Joint Research. Grant program defraying costs of overseas travel for Waseda researchers and their overseas counterparts to promote international joint research. This page is only for internal users in Waseda. To access from outside the university you need an ID and a password.

  22. Japan's push to make all research open access is taking shape

    Japan's push to make all research open access is taking shape. Japan will start allocating the ¥10 billion it promised to spend on institutional repositories to make the nation's science free ...

  23. [Call for Proposal] Korea-China Key Joint Research Program 2023

    The National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF), upon the agreement withNational Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC), announces the call for the "Key Joint Research Program 2023". July 19th, 2023

  24. Joint Research Project Definition

    Joint Research Project means a research and development project having a defined scope in which both Parties jointly participate by contributing personnel, research and development facilities, equipment, and/or other resources in order to develop Technology which is useful or potentially useful to at least one of the Parties. Sample 1.

  25. NSF

    Researchers, entrepreneurs, students and teachers supported by NSF. NSF's mission is to advance the progress of science, a mission accomplished by funding proposals for research and education made by scientists, engineers, and educators from across the country.

  26. Bridging Policy and Research for Suicide Prevention in the ...

    Overview. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) are organizing a two-day symposium on suicide prevention , a key priority of the Americas' public health agenda.The symposium will provide an opportunity for countries in the Region and relevant actors to discuss advances and gaps in suicide research, evidence-based interventions, and how ...

  27. CU Boulder, industry partner on space docking and satellite AI research

    "We're combining university research with business goals and initiatives to develop a product or service." The first project is a U.S. Space Force Small Business Technology Transfer grant with In Orbit Aerospace Inc. The goal is to use electro adhesive forces to ease docking between satellites, future space cargo vehicles, or orbital ...

  28. Beyond GDP: including nature in economic policy assessment

    The GEP module uses the INCA dataset, developed and maintained by the JRC, to incorporate the value of ecosystem services. This dataset is a product of the INCA project, which follows the System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA) global framework. Adhering to this international standard ensures the credibility of the GEP module.

  29. India Sri Lanka Joint Call for Research Proposal

    The Ministry of Education, Research and Innovation Division, Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India renewed the Programme of Cooperation (PoC) in Science and Technology, on August 14 th 2022. In terms of the PoC, funding can be made available for selected Joint Projects in bilateral mode involving ...