how to solve network problem in rict device

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RICT/DARPAN Device issues and possible Solution

Darpan device( previously it was called as rict device) issues.

RICT – Problems and Solution

Rict – problems and solution, server issue :-, post a comment, most visited.

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8 Easy-to-Do Ways to Troubleshoot Network Connection

You'll be up and running in no time

A faulty Wi-Fi connection doesn’t have to ruin your day. There are plenty of ways you can restore a lost internet connection. Follow these network troubleshooting tips and you’ll be up and running in no time.

1. Check Your Settings

First, check your Wi-Fi settings. Go to Settings > Network & Internet > Wi-Fi . Switch Wi-Fi to the On position.

Phones and tablets also have settings that turn Wi-Fi on and off. Make sure that it is turned on so you can connect to the network.

You also want to check if Airplane Mode is turned on.

2. Check Your Access Points

Check your WAN (wide area network) and LAN (local area network) connections. In layman’s terms, these are the Ethernet cables that go to and from your router.

If you suspect that the cables are the culprit, try swapping them out with new ones.

3. Go Around Obstacles

Walls, furniture, and other obstructions can be the reason why you’re unable to go online. Moving closer to the router can re-establish the connection. If moving closer to the router does not solve the issue, then at least we can remove it from the list of suspects.

4. Restart the Router

Sometimes restarting the router can help fix connectivity issues. This is even truer in cases where the router has not been turned off in a while. A quick restart can jolt the router back into working like it used to.

If that doesn’t work, you might also consider resetting the router. But only do so if you’re okay with it being restored to its factory settings. You will have to reconfigure everything including the SSID and password.

5. Check the Wi-Fi Name and Password

Check the network name (otherwise known as SSID) and password of the network connection. If you’re used to connecting automatically when in range of a router but are no longer able to, changes may have been made to the network while you’re away.

It could be as simple as administrators updating the password or the SSID could have been changed to a different one.

6. Check DHCP Settings

Routers are usually set up as DHCP servers. This setting lets computers join a network automatically. With DHCP turned on, users will no longer have to mess with IP Address and DNS Server settings manually.

To edit your DHCP settings, go to Windows Settings > Network & Internet > Wi-Fi . Under Wi-Fi , click Manage Known Networks . Select a network and click Properties .

Under IP Settings , click Edit . From the drop-down menu, select Automatic (DHCP) .

Note: Selecting Manual will let you set your DNS Server Address and IP Address settings manually.

7. Update Windows

Your network problems could be caused by your system. If that is the case, Windows could have possibly released a fix. Try updating your Windows machine to the latest release.

Go to Windows Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update . Click Check for Updates . If there are updates available, Windows will download and install them.

8. Open Windows Network Diagnostics

Windows has a tool called Windows Network Diagnostics that lets users troubleshoot connection issues.

Go to Windows Settings > Network & Internet > Status . Under Change Your Network Settings , click Network Troubleshooter .

Windows Network Diagnostics will run a couple of tests to see what’s possibly causing your Wi-Fi issues.

Windows will let you know if it does not find any issue. Otherwise, you will be given a list of possible actions to take to resolve the problem.

This tool, or a version of it, should be available in Windows 7 to Windows 10.

Christopher Jan Benitez is a freelance writer for hire who provides actionable and useful web content to small businesses and startups. In his spare time, he religiously watches professional wrestling and finds solace in listening to '80s speed metal. Read Christopher's Full Bio

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Home Network Problems? 8 Diagnostic Tricks and Fixes to Try

Have problems with your home network? Learn how to troubleshoot network connectivity problems and get back online!

Of all the types of computer issues you can have, network problems are one of the worst. Though our computers can do a lot offline, being cut off from the internet isn't fun. Even worse, when you can't get online, it's more difficult to research fixes for your problem.

Let's step through the basic process of how to troubleshoot network connectivity problems. That way, next time you open up your web browser to a Cannot Connect message, you'll know what to do.

Like all troubleshooting, we'll start broadly and narrow down to specifics. After each step, try connecting to a website to verify that your connection is fixed. If it still doesn't work, continue to the next part.

0. Make Sure It's Actually Your Network Problem

Sometimes, what seems like an issue with your network is actually a problem on a specific website's end. If you can't get on Twitter, for instance, check another few websites to make sure that the problem isn't just with a single site.

You can visit downfor.io , which is a short URL for the site Down for Everyone or Just Me?, to easily check if a website is down for everyone. Simply enter the URL and you'll see where the issue lies.

If a site is down for everyone, you'll have to wait until it's fixed. But if the problem is only affecting you, continue on to troubleshoot.

1. Power Cycle Everything and Check Other Devices

There's no need to get upset about network issues right away, as the fix to your problem might be as simple as rebooting your equipment. Restarting fixes a lot of issues, so make sure it's your first response to network problems, too.

To start troubleshooting, reboot your PC, as well as your modem and router. If your modem and router have power buttons on the back, you can press those to turn them off. Otherwise, just pull the power plugs.

To fully clear the modem and router caches, wait 60 seconds before you turn them back on again. When you plug everything back in, plug your modem in first and wait for it to fully power on before connecting your router.

Turning everything off and back on first ensures that it isn't a temporary network problem. It's better to reboot now than to waste 30 minutes continuing on when you don't need to.

Once you've restarted, if you have a second computer (or a mobile device), try getting online with that. If you find that no devices can connect, you likely have an issue with your equipment or your ISP.

Should you find that only one computer can't get online, you can continue to narrow down the problem. On that device, make sure to run an antivirus scan to ensure you don't have malware interfering with your connection. You should also make sure that your firewall settings aren't blocking the connection.

Finally, try using a different browser to see if your usual one is somehow misconfigured. See how to fix "your connection is not private" errors if you're seeing them on every website, which is a separate issue that involves security certificates.

2. Check Physical Network Connections

If your network problem persists after rebooting, you should next check to make sure that all physical network connections are in place. This is another easy fix before you start diving into settings and tests.

If you use an Ethernet cable to connect to your router, check to make sure that it's not unplugged or damaged. If your laptop has a physical wireless switch, make sure that it's not set to the off position.

Once you've verified a proper connection, check your router and modem. Are the lights on your router and/or modem flashing green as normal? If no lights come on after the reboot, the device could be dead or malfunctioning.

However, if you get red lights, or a power light but no connection light, your ISP is likely experiencing disruption. See #6 below if you think this is the issue—you may need to check the manuals for your equipment to interpret the lights correctly.

3. Run the Windows Network Troubleshooter

Windows includes some built-in troubleshooters that can automatically find and fix issues. To run the troubleshooter for network problems, right-click the network icon in your System Tray and choose Troubleshoot Problems .

You can also go to Settings > Update & Security > Troubleshoot > Additional troubleshooters and choose Internet Connections > Run the troubleshooter to launch it.

Once the troubleshooter runs, it could fix issues, find issues but fail to fix them, or find nothing. If the troubleshooter finds a problem that it fixes, try to connect again. If you get a specific error or problem name that Windows can't fix automatically, take note of it for later research.

Advanced users might also look at using other Windows tools to troubleshoot network issues .

4. Confirm That You Have a Valid IP Address

At this point, you've verified that the problem is not temporary and that all your hardware works. Since Windows can't fix the problem on its own, you need to pinpoint the spot along the connection where the network problem is occurring.

It's a good idea to make sure that you don't have any strange IP settings selected. To check this, open Settings and go to Network & Internet > Status . Below the Advanced network settings header, choose Change adapter options . In the resulting window, double-click the name of your network.

Next, you'll see a status window. Click the Properties button here.

Inside the next dialog, double-click the Internet Protocol Version 4 entry.

Unless you've set up a static IP address (if you don't know what this is, you probably don't use one), make sure you have both Obtain an IP address automatically and Obtain DNS server address automatically checked.

Repeat this process for Internet Protocol Version 6 , if it's enabled, to ensure everything is automatic there as well.

Reviewing Your IP Address Validity

Once you've done the above, you should check to confirm if the router is giving you a valid IP address. Open up a Command Prompt window by typing cmd into the Start Menu. Enter ipconfig and hit Enter , then look for the text under Ethernet adapter (for wired connections) or Wireless LAN Adapter (for wireless connections).

If IPv4 Address looks like 169.x.x.x , your computer is not receiving a valid IP address from your router. Typing the following two commands, one at a time, will release your computer's current IP address and request a new one, which may resolve this:

Should you still have a 169.x.x.x address after typing the above commands and entering ipconfig again, your machine still isn't receiving an IP from the router. Try plugging your PC directly into the modem with an Ethernet cable and see if you can get online.

If the connection works this way, your router is the problem. You may need to factory reset your router , or consider replacing it.

5. Try a Ping and Trace Its Route

If your IP address starts with anything other than 169 when you run ipconfig , you have a valid IP address from your router. At this point, you've confirmed the problem is somewhere between your router and the internet.

Type the below command to ping Google's DNS servers to see if you can reach a website online (you can replace 8.8.8.8 with anything you like, such as www.msn.com ):

This will send four packets to Google's DNS server. If they fail to send, you'll see some basic info about the failure. In case you want to continue pinging indefinitely so you can monitor it while troubleshooting, just add a -t to the end, like so:

You can press Ctrl + C to stop pinging at any time. For more information, type this command to trace the route between your computer and Google's DNS servers:

The above command gives you a step-by-step breakdown of the path the information takes to reach the destination you specify. Watch it, and if it fails, check to see where the problem occurs.

If an error pops up early in the route, the issue is likely with your local network. There are more useful CMD commands for networking , if you're interested.

6. Contact Your ISP

Should all the above steps complete successfully, you've now verified that your equipment is working and confirmed you have a valid IP address from the router. Also, you're sure that the problem is occurring outside of the network, and for multiple devices. If this is the case, your next best option is to find out if your ISP is having issues.

Using your smartphone will prove useful here, as you can look up an outage map (like DownDetector.com ) for your provider. Searching Twitter to see if others in your area are experiencing issues can help as well.

If you don't see anything of note online, try giving your ISP a call to see if there are known outages. Perhaps line issues are affecting a small area; a representative should be able to run tests to check.

7. Wait the Network Problems Out

Once you've let your ISP know of the issue and confirmed that it's not just one computer having a problem, all you can do is wait. Many times, you can't fix network issues on your own.

If your ISP is aware of the issues, hopefully they'll get everything fixed in a short time. Meanwhile, you can take the opportunity to enjoy reading a book, going for a walk, or something else that's offline.

8. Troubleshoot Specific Network Issues

While we covered general steps here, if you're seeing a specific network error, it can help to focus your troubleshooting on that. Have a look below at some guides for particular network problems:

• Connected to Wi-Fi, but no internet access
• IP address conflicts
• "Windows can't communicate with the device or resource"
• "Windows could not automatically detect network proxy settings"

Hopefully, one of these guides with more focused advice will solve your issue if these tips didn't work.

Diagnose and Fix Your Network Problems

These steps are a general template for diagnosing network issues, as your exact setup may differ. In general, respond by restarting everything, seeing if multiple devices are having trouble getting online, and checking to make sure your settings are correct, per the above.

Even after you solve your major network issue, your connection might still be slow. This is a separate problem to work on.

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16 Most Common Network Problems: How to Find & Fix Them

Table of contents.

Intermittent network problems frustrate users, affect productivity levels, overwhelm your IT team, and are a pain for network administrators to solve. There are many problems that can affect network performance, and some of them are very complex to identify and understand.

To address these challenges, we've tailored this article specifically towards business networks, focusing on the most common issues that can plague them. Our aim is to help you proactively identify network problems, allowing you to take prompt action to resolve them. By equipping you with valuable insights and troubleshooting techniques, we intend to minimize network downtime and improve overall network performance.

In addition to our comprehensive guide on network problem identification, we understand the significance of real-time monitoring in maintaining a healthy network. With the combined knowledge of identifying network problems proactively and implementing efficient monitoring measures, you'll be empowered to create a robust and reliable network infrastructure.

To help you proactively identify network problems that may be plaguing your network, we’re running you through some of the most common network problems, including how to monitor and troubleshoot them!

What are Network Problems

Laggy video calls, slow application or network speed , buffering downloads, choppy VoIP Quality , and no Internet connection are examples of network problem symptoms. If you're struggling to perform everyday tasks over the Internet, or unable to use important apps, there's a good chance your network is to blame.

Network problems impact things like, VoIP calls, ERP applications (Netsuite or SAP performance issues ), files downloads, and more. Anytime a bad network connection issues prevents you from accessing something outside your computer, you're likely dealing with a network problem.

There are many different network problems that can affect network performance.

Some network problems can arise from faulty hardware, such as routers, switches, firewalls, and even from unexpected usage patterns, like network bandwidth spikes, changes in app configuration, or security breaches.

Network problems are frustrating, and left unattended, they can have disastrous consequences for your business network. That’s why it’s important to understand what can go wrong with your network and to continuously monitor network performance to quickly identify and fix network problems even before they affect your end-users.

Why Network Problems Are Inevitable For Businesses

Modern technology and the increasing use of hosted services has brought major changes to network and application infrastructures. While these changes have equipped users with more functionality than ever before, they have also greatly increased our dependence on a high functioning network to help us ensure the maintenance of these critical applications.

This means that when a network problem or network error occurs, it can be even more disastrous and difficult to solve.Despite our best efforts, these pesky issues tend to sneak their way in and wreak havoc on our connectivity. Here are some of the main reasons why network problems are bound to happen:

• Complexity : Business networks are intricate beasts, with numerous devices, servers, and software working in tandem. The more complex the network, the higher the likelihood of something going awry. Managing all these interconnected components can be challenging, and even the tiniest misconfiguration can lead to network hiccups.
• Human Error : We're all human, and mistakes happen. Whether it's a misconfiguration, a typo in a command, or accidental unplugging of cables, human error is a significant factor behind network problems. No matter how skilled and experienced the IT team is, the occasional oopsie is part of being human.
• Constant Changes : Business networks are dynamic environments, constantly evolving to accommodate new devices, software updates, and expanding user needs. Each change introduces the potential for compatibility issues, security vulnerabilities, and other problems that need to be addressed.
• External Factors : The network's performance can be impacted by external factors like internet service provider (ISP) outages, weather-related disruptions, or even cyberattacks. These external influences are often beyond the control of the business and can cause unexpected network troubles. Increased Network Traffic: As a business grows and gains more users, the network faces increased traffic demands. This surge in activity can strain the network infrastructure, leading to slowdowns and bottlenecks.
• Aging Hardware : Network equipment, like any technology, has a finite lifespan. As hardware ages, it becomes more prone to failures and performance issues. Regular maintenance and upgrades can help mitigate this, but eventually, replacement is inevitable.
• Security Threats : Cyberattacks and security breaches pose a constant threat to business networks. From malware infiltrations to DDoS attacks, these security issues can disrupt network operations and cause considerable downtime.

While network problems are inevitable, they are not insurmountable. With proactive and active network monitoring , regular maintenance, and a skilled IT team, businesses can minimize the impact of these issues and keep their networks running smoothly most of the time.

And knowing which network problems can affect your network the most can help you understand how to identify network issues fast.

How to Identify the Most Common Network Problems With Network Monitoring

When it comes to identifying and troubleshoot the most common network problems bound to pop up in your business' network - you're not alone! The best tool at your disposal is a Network Monitoring software.

A Network Monitoring tool (or Network Performance Monitoring) monitors end-to-end network performance to identify network issues affecting your end-users, whether the problems occur in your local network infrastructure, over the Internet, or even in a service provider's network.

We recommend a software like Obkio Network Performance Monitoring Software because it does the work for you.

Here's a quick overview about how to Use Obkio to identify and troubleshoot the network problems in this article:

Step 1: Set Up Network Monitoring

Obkio is an end-to-end Network Monitoring tool built to monitor and troubleshoot network problems related to connectivity, performance, VoIP, UC, Internet, network devices and more - for all network types!

Step 2: Monitor All Network Locations

Obkio identifies network problems using Monitoring Agents , which are deployed at key network locations and continuously exchange synthetic traffic for synthetic testing . Install Obkio's agents on strategic points within your network, such as routers, switches, or end-user devices. These agents will collect data on various network metrics like latency, packet loss, and bandwidth.

The Agents are deployed in locations like head offices, branch offices, and data centers for end-user experience monitoring , Internet performance, VoIP applications, UC apps, and more. They can also be installed in the Cloud for Cloud Network Monitoring (this can include Microsoft network monitoring , Zoom monitoring , AWS network monitoring , etc.).

Step 3: Measure Network Metrics:

Install Obkio's agents on strategic points within your network, such as routers, switches, or end-user devices. These agents will continuously measure and collect data on various network metrics like latency, packet loss, bandwidth usage, DNS response times, and other crucial performance indicators.

Step 4: Establish Baselines:

Monitor your network's performance under normal conditions to establish baseline metrics. This data will serve as a reference point for identifying deviations from normal behavior.

Step 5: Configure Alerts

Define specific thresholds for each metric, and set up alerts to notify you when a metric exceeds its defined limit. This will enable you to detect anomalies and potential issues in real-time.

Step 6: Investigate Alerts

When an alert is triggered, investigate the issue promptly. Use Obkio's real-time data and historical analysis to pinpoint the problematic area or device.

Step 7: Path Analysis

Utilize Obkio's path analysis feature to assess the performance of different routes taken by network traffic. This helps you identify congested paths and optimize routing.

Step 8: Trend Analysis

Regularly review historical data and performance trends to spot patterns or recurring problems. This analysis can reveal issues that might not be immediately apparent from real-time network monitoring .

Step 9: Collaborate and Resolve

Involve your IT team in the troubleshooting process, using Obkio's visualizations and data to facilitate collaboration. Work together to resolve network problems efficiently.

The Most Common Network Problems

Now let’s run through some of the most common network problems (or network errors) that have left many users and network administrators pulling out their hair!

But worry not, brave troubleshooters, we're not leaving you to wrestle with these issues alone. In addition to discussing each type of network problem, we'll equip you with valuable tips and techniques to identify and troubleshoot them like seasoned network warriors. So for each network problem we'll discuss:

• What the network problem is
• The consequences of that network problem
• The causes of the network problem
• How to identify & troubleshoot the network problem

Network Problem #1. Intermittent Network Problems

Intermittent network problems are a frustrating and common network issue characterized by sporadic disruptions in network connectivity and performance . Unlike consistent or continuous problems, intermittent issues occur irregularly, making them challenging to diagnose and troubleshoot.

These problems can manifest in various ways, including intermittent connection drops, slow data transfer, or periods of complete network unavailability.

I. The Consequences of Intermittent Network Problems:

• Unpredictable Performance : Intermittent issues make network performance unpredictable, leading to inconsistent user experiences.
• Unreliable Connectivity : Users may experience unreliable connectivity, with connections dropping unexpectedly or becoming temporarily unresponsive.
• Productivity Loss : Intermittent network problems can disrupt workflow and lead to productivity losses.
• Difficult Troubleshooting : Diagnosing intermittent issues can be challenging and time-consuming, delaying the resolution process.

II. The Causes of Intermittent Network Problems

• Loose or Damaged Cables : Interference from loose, damaged, or improperly connected network cables can result in intermittent connectivity issues.
• Wireless Interference : Radio frequency interference or signal blockage can lead to intermittent disruptions in Wi-Fi networks.
• Hardware Malfunctions : Intermittent network issues may arise from faulty network devices, such as routers, switches, or network interface cards (NICs).
• Software Conflicts : Software conflicts, outdated drivers, or firmware bugs can cause intermittent disruptions in network communication.
• Overheating : Network devices can experience intermittent issues when they overheat due to inadequate cooling or poor ventilation.
• IP Address Conflicts : Conflicting IP addresses assigned to devices can lead to intermittent connectivity problems.

III. How to Identify and Troubleshoot Intermittent Network Problems

• Network Monitoring : Utilize network monitoring tools like Obkio to continuously track network performance, diagnose network issues , and identify patterns of intermittent issues.
• Log Analysis : Examine network device logs to identify any recurring error messages or patterns during periods of intermittent disruptions.
• Cable and Connection Checks : Physically inspect network cables and connections to ensure they are secure and undamaged.
• Device Testing : Test network performance and network devices under different conditions to identify any intermittent hardware malfunctions.
• Software Updates : Ensure that network devices have the latest firmware, drivers, and software updates to fix known bugs and compatibility issues.
• Environmental Assessment : Evaluate the environmental conditions of network devices and ensure they are adequately cooled and placed in suitable locations.
• IP Address Management: Implement IP address management practices to prevent conflicts and ensure proper assignment of IP addresses.

By diligently identifying and addressing intermittent network problems, businesses can create a more stable and reliable network environment, minimizing disruptions and ensuring a consistent user experience. Network monitoring and thorough troubleshooting play a crucial role in detecting and resolving intermittent issues promptly.

Learn how to detect intermittent network problems to troubleshoot performance issues that are hard to catch with Obkio Network Monitoring software.

IV. Network Troubleshooting Scenarios for Intermittent Network Problems

Intermittent network problems can be frustrating and challenging to troubleshoot because they occur sporadically and may not be immediately apparent. Here are some network troubleshooting scenarios to consider when dealing with intermittent network problems:

• Loose or Damaged Cables : Physical issues with network cables, such as loose connections or damaged cables, can lead to intermittent connectivity problems. Inspect cables and connectors for any visible damage or loose connections.
• Wireless Interference : In a wireless network, interference from other wireless devices, neighboring networks, or electronic devices can cause intermittent connectivity issues. Conduct a wireless site survey and identify potential sources of interference.
• DHCP Issues : Problems with the DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server can result in intermittent IP address assignment, leading to connectivity problems. Check DHCP logs and ensure the DHCP server is properly configured and responsive.
• DNS Problems : DNS (Domain Name System) issues can cause intermittent access to websites and services. Verify DNS settings and check for any DNS-related errors in the logs.
• Misconfigured Firewall or Security Software : Overly aggressive firewall rules or misconfigured security software can block legitimate traffic and cause intermittent connectivity problems. Review firewall and security software settings for potential issues.
• Bandwidth Saturation : Periodic spikes in network traffic can saturate the available bandwidth and cause intermittent connectivity problems. Monitor network traffic patterns to identify potential bandwidth saturation points.
• Network Device Overheating : Overheating of network devices, such as routers or switches, can lead to intermittent network outages or services outages (ex. Microsoft Teams outages ). Ensure that network equipment is properly ventilated and not subjected to excessive heat.
• Firmware or Software Bugs : Firmware or software bugs in network devices can cause intermittent problems. Check for firmware updates and apply the latest patches from the manufacturer.
• Duplicate IP Addresses : Duplicate IP addresses on the network can result in intermittent connectivity issues. Use network scanning tools to check for duplicate IP addresses.
• Routing Issues : Incorrect or unstable routing configurations can lead to intermittent connectivity problems. Review routing tables and ensure they are correctly configured.
• Power Fluctuations : Power fluctuations or intermittent power supply issues can cause network devices to reboot or lose connectivity. Use uninterrupted power supply (UPS) units to provide stable power to critical network equipment.
• Network Congestion : During periods of high network usage, congestion can cause intermittent performance issues. Monitor network traffic during peak hours and consider implementing Quality of Service (QoS) policies.
• Malware or Security Breaches : Malware infections or security breaches can cause intermittent network disruptions. Regularly scan for malware and implement robust security measures.

Network Problem #2. High Bandwidth Usage

Bandwidth is the maximum amount of data transmitted over an Internet connection in a given amount of time.

It refers to a network’s capacity to transfer data between devices or the Internet within a given span of time. Bandwidth is often mistaken for Internet speed when it's actually the volume of information that can be sent over a connection in a measured amount of time – calculated in megabits per second (Mbps).

Higher bandwidth allows data to be transferred across your network at a faster rate and can sustain a larger number of connected devices all at once - but it can significantly impact network performance and user experience.

It occurs when a considerable amount of data is being transmitted over the network, leading to increased congestion and potential bottlenecks . When someone or something, like a large application, on your network is monopolizing your bandwidth by downloading gigabytes worth of data, it creates a congestion in your network.

This excessive data transfer can result from various factors, both legitimate and non-legitimate, and it's essential to identify and address the root cause to maintain a smoothly functioning network.

I. The Consequences of High Bandwidth Usage:

• Network Congestion : Network congestion caused by high bandwidth usage, also runs the risk of leaving insufficient amounts of bandwidth for other parts of your network that need it. When this happens, you may start experiencing problems like slow download speed over the Internet.
• Slow Network Performance : High bandwidth consumption can lead to slower network speeds, causing delays in accessing resources and data.
• Latency and Packet Loss : As network resources become saturated, latency (delay) and packet loss may increase, affecting real-time applications like VoIP or video conferencing.
• Reduced Productivity : Sluggish network performance can hamper productivity, as users may experience delays in performing critical tasks.
• Increased Costs : Excessive bandwidth usage can lead to overage charges from internet service providers (ISPs) if they exceed the Internet SLA , or the need to upgrade to higher-tier plans, resulting in higher operational costs. Network Downtime: In extreme cases, high bandwidth usage can lead to network outages if the infrastructure is not equipped to handle the traffic load.

II. The Causes of High Bandwidth

• Large Downloads : Downloads consisting of large files that are being placed on your computer's harddrive from the Internet, like file transfers or backups, can drastically increase bandwidth usage. The more bytes the file contains, the higher your bandwidth usage.
• Latency : Latency refers to the time it takes for a data packet to reach its destination in a network, can. Consistent delays or odd spikes in delay time are signs of major performance issues and can affect bandwidth time.
• Packet Loss : Packet Loss occurs when a data packet is dropped during its journey across a network and never makes it to its final destination and back. It can cause a great deal of problems depending on how much of the packet does not go through and how often it occurs.
• Video Streaming : Streaming videos from the Internet is a more common cause of high bandwidth usage. Streaming video in 7k can take up to 200 times more bandwidth than audio streaming.
• Large Applications : Different applications have different requirements. Applications that require Internet connection, like programs for web development, email, computer games, etc. require a lot of bandwidth to function and can therefore increase your bandwidth usage.
• File Sharing : There are programs that allow users to share files from computer-to-computer connection over the Internet. These programs can result in high bandwidth usage as they require you to download and transfer large files, with large amounts of data, over the Internet.
• Legitimate Traffic : Legitimate high-bandwidth activities, such as large file transfers, video conferencing, cloud backups, and software updates, can consume significant network resources. While these activities are essential for business operations, they can lead to congestion during peak usage times.
• Malware and Unauthorized Activities : Malicious software or unauthorized users can exploit network resources, leading to unanticipated spikes in bandwidth usage. Botnets, malware downloads, or unauthorized file sharing can cause significant disruptions.
• Background Updates : Automatic updates for operating systems, applications, and antivirus software can utilize bandwidth without user intervention. These updates can coincide and cause temporary surges in bandwidth usage.
• P2P File Sharing : Peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing applications can lead to high bandwidth usage as users upload and download files directly from each other.

How to measure bandwidth, identify issues & optimize network performance. Use Obkio's Network Performance Monitoring tool for easy bandwidth monitoring.

III. How to Identify & Troubleshoot High Bandwidth Usage

• Network Monitoring : Use a network monitoring tool like Obkio to measure bandwidth and track bandwidth usage in real-time. Observe usage patterns and identify any unusual spikes or sustained high traffic.
• Application Analysis : Analyze the bandwidth consumption of various applications to identify resource-intensive processes. This will help you pinpoint which applications are contributing the most to high usage.
• Quality of Service (QoS) Policies : Implement QoS policies to prioritize critical applications and services over less important ones. This ensures that essential operations receive sufficient bandwidth even during peak usage.
• Bandwidth Optimization : Utilize bandwidth optimization techniques such as compression, caching, or content filtering to reduce overall data transfer.
• Traffic Shaping : Employ traffic shaping mechanisms to control and limit bandwidth usage for specific applications or users.
• Identify Malware or Unauthorized Activity : Regularly scan for malware and unauthorized users on the network, and implement security measures to prevent exploitation.

By proactively identifying and addressing high bandwidth usage, businesses can maintain a responsive and efficient network, enhancing overall productivity and user satisfaction.

IV. Network Troubleshooting Scenarios for High Bandwidth Usage

High bandwidth usage can lead to various network performance issues and can be caused by several factors. Here are some network troubleshooting scenarios to investigate when experiencing high bandwidth usage:

• Malware or Botnet Activity : Malware-infected devices or botnet activity can consume significant bandwidth as they may be involved in malicious activities such as sending spam emails or participating in Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Use network monitoring tools to identify suspicious traffic patterns and isolate infected devices.
• Streaming and Video Content : High-quality video streaming or large file downloads can consume substantial bandwidth. Check for excessive video streaming or downloads that might be impacting the network, especially during peak hours.
• Cloud Services or Backups : Cloud services and data backups can utilize substantial bandwidth, especially if they are scheduled to occur during business hours. Check the bandwidth consumption of cloud services (with Microsoft Cloud Monitoring for example) and backup applications to see if adjustments can be made to their schedules.
• Peer-to-Peer (P2P) File Sharing : P2P file sharing applications can consume a significant amount of bandwidth, especially if multiple users are involved. Identify and control P2P traffic on the network.
• Software Updates : Automatic software updates from operating systems and applications can lead to sudden spikes in bandwidth usage. Ensure that updates are scheduled during off-peak hours.
• Network Misconfiguration : Misconfigured network devices, such as routers or switches, can lead to unnecessary broadcast/multicast traffic or loops that cause high bandwidth usage. Verify the network configuration for any issues.
• Bandwidth-Intensive Applications : Some applications inherently consume more bandwidth than others. Identify and analyze bandwidth usage by specific applications and determine if any optimization or restriction is required.
• Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) : Improperly configured VLANs can lead to unnecessary traffic and high bandwidth usage. Review VLAN configurations to ensure they are set up correctly.
• Wireless Network Interference : In a wireless network, interference from other devices, neighboring networks, or non-Wi-Fi devices operating in the same frequency range can cause high bandwidth utilization. Perform a wireless site survey and optimize Wi-Fi settings.
• Data Backups and Replication : Data backup and replication processes between geographically dispersed sites can consume significant bandwidth. Review backup and replication schedules and consider using deduplication and compression techniques.
• Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks : DoS attacks can overwhelm a network with an excessive amount of traffic, leading to high bandwidth usage. Implement DoS protection mechanisms and analyze traffic patterns for signs of an ongoing attack.
• Internet of Things (IoT) Devices : The proliferation of IoT devices can contribute to increased bandwidth consumption if they are transmitting large amounts of data. Monitor IoT device traffic and assess their impact on overall bandwidth.

To troubleshoot high bandwidth usage, it is essential to use network monitoring tools that provide insights into traffic patterns, application usage, and device behaviour, like we mentioned in the last point. With this information, you can identify the root cause of the problem and take appropriate measures to optimize network performance.

Network Problem #3. High CPU Usage

CPU, or “ Central Processing Unit ”, is the primary component of a computer that receives and processes instructions for operating systems and applications.

High CPU usage is another common network problem that can significantly impact the performance and stability of a network. It occurs when the central processing unit (CPU) of a network device, such as a router, switch, firewall, or server, is operating at or near its maximum capacity . This can lead to various issues that affect the overall network functionality and user experience.

With such a big job on its shoulders, the signs of high CPU usage on a network device are a very troubling sign for many of us. As your network devices continue to work harder to perform an increasing amount of tasks, it increases the chance that things can go wrong.

I. The Consequences of High CPU Usage

• Sluggish Network Performance : High CPU usage can lead to delays in processing network traffic, causing slow response times and increased latency.
• Packet Loss : When the CPU is overloaded, it may drop packets, resulting in packet loss, which can degrade the quality of real-time applications like VoIP or video conferencing.
• Network Downtime : In extreme cases, when the CPU is overwhelmed, the device may become unresponsive, leading to network outages and disruptions.
• Security Vulnerabilities : High CPU usage can leave network devices more vulnerable to security threats as their ability to handle security tasks is compromised.

II. The Causes of High CPU Usage

The most common reason for high CPU usage occurs when your network becomes bogged down by enormous amounts of traffic. CPU usage can increase drastically when processes require more time to execute or when a larger number of network packets are sent and received throughout your network.

There are a number of network devices such as switches that have hardware components (ASICs or NPUs) that take charge and process packets super quickly. For this equipment, the CPU usage is not linked to the amount of traffic.

For equipment that analyzes or manipulates traffic, like firewalls, that's a whole different story. Depending on the features that you’ve enabled on your devices, the CPU may be in the critical path of packet routing or forwarding. If overused, network metrics like latency , jitter , and packet loss will increase, which will lead to significant levels of network performance degradation.

In summary, some common causes include:

• Network Traffic Overload : A sudden surge in network traffic or sustained high levels of data transfer can overwhelm the CPU, especially on devices handling routing, switching, or security tasks.
• Network Security Operations : CPU usage may spike during security-related activities such as deep packet inspection, intrusion detection, or denial-of-service attack mitigation.
• Resource-Intensive Applications : CPU usage can be driven up by resource-intensive applications running on servers or other network devices.
• Firmware/Software Bugs : Firmware or software bugs can cause abnormal CPU usage, leading to unexpected behavior and degraded performance.

III. How to Identify & Troubleshoot High CPU Usage

It can sometimes be difficult to gather the right information about the actual use of CPU. Several monitoring tools such as those included in the equipment's GUI or a poorly configured monitoring tool can report an average value on the use of 8 cores or over too long periods, such as every 5, 15 or 60 minutes. Which isn't enough - so to identify and troubleshoot - you need to go further!

• Network Monitoring : Employ a network monitoring tool like Obkio to track CPU utilization on network devices. Monitor CPU usage in real-time and set up alerts for abnormally high CPU levels.
• Identify Resource-Intensive Processes : Use monitoring tools and device logs to identify resource-intensive processes or applications causing high CPU usage.
• Adjust Network Traffic : Implement traffic shaping or quality of service (QoS) policies to prioritize critical traffic and prevent CPU overload during periods of heavy network usage.
• Software/Firmware Updates : Regularly update device firmware and software to patch bugs and optimize performance.
• Optimize Applications : Consider optimizing resource-intensive applications or distributing their load across multiple devices to reduce CPU burden.
• Security Measures : Ensure that security policies and mechanisms are properly configured to manage security-related CPU tasks effectively.
• Device Upgrades : If network devices are consistently experiencing high CPU usage, consider upgrading to more powerful hardware that can better handle the network load.

By promptly identifying and resolving high CPU usage issues, businesses can maintain a stable and responsive network environment, ensuring smooth operations and enhanced user satisfaction.

IV. Network Troubleshooting Scenarios for High CPU Usage

High CPU usage in a network can impact the performance of network devices, leading to sluggish response times, increased latency, and potential service disruptions. Here are some network troubleshooting scenarios to consider when dealing with high CPU usage on network devices:

• Traffic Spikes : Monitor network traffic patterns to identify if there are sudden spikes in data volume that could be causing high CPU usage. Investigate the source of the increased traffic and determine if it is legitimate or if it indicates a potential DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack.
• Packet Storms or Broadcast Storms : Excessive packet storms or broadcast storms can overload the CPU of network devices. Use packet capture tools to analyze the traffic and identify any sources of storms.
• Malware or Botnet Activity : Malware infections on network devices can cause high CPU utilization as they might be involved in malicious activities. Use security monitoring tools to detect and remove malware from affected devices.
• Routing or Switching Loops : Misconfigured or redundant routing or switching paths can cause loops, leading to a significant increase in CPU usage. Review the device configurations to ensure there are no loop-causing issues.
• Software Bugs or Memory Leaks : Software bugs or memory leaks within the operating system or network device firmware can cause CPU usage to spike over time. Ensure that the network devices have the latest firmware updates and patches.
• Network Device Overloading : If a network device is overloaded with traffic due to the number of connected devices or the volume of data being processed, the CPU usage can increase. Consider load balancing or upgrading the device to handle higher traffic volumes.
• Large Scale Routing Updates : In networks with dynamic routing protocols, large-scale routing updates can cause CPU spikes on routers. Analyze routing update events and fine-tune the routing protocols to minimize the impact.
• Monitoring or Debugging Tools : Certain monitoring or debugging tools running on network devices might consume a significant amount of CPU resources. Evaluate the impact of such tools and adjust their configurations if necessary.
• Quality of Service (QoS) Misconfiguration : Improperly configured QoS policies can lead to unnecessary CPU usage as the devices attempt to classify and prioritize traffic. Review and optimize QoS policies.
• Hardware Issues : Faulty hardware components, such as failing CPUs or inadequate cooling systems, can lead to high CPU usage. Perform hardware diagnostics and replace any faulty components.
• Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS) : IDS/IPS systems can be CPU-intensive, especially when handling a large number of network packets. Fine-tune the IDS/IPS settings and consider distributing the load across multiple devices if applicable.
• Virtualization Overhead : In virtualized environments, the hypervisor's CPU overhead can impact network device performance. Adjust virtualization settings and resource allocations as needed.

Network Problem #4. Physical Connectivity Issues

It may seem obvious, but some network issues may occur with the hardware outside of the network.

When the time comes to troubleshoot network issues , our instinct is often to think about the most complex situations, when sometimes the problem is actually very simple and right in front of us.

Hardware problems like defective cables or connectors can generate network errors on the network equipment to which it is connected . You may think that this problem is due to a network outage or network failure , or Internet connection problem, but it’s actually because you have a broken or malfunctioning cable.

This can also occur outside of the LAN network . If a copper cable, or fiber-optic cable is damaged, it will likely reduce the amount of data that can go through it without any packet loss.

I. The Consequences of Physical Connectivity Issues

Physical connectivity problems can manifest in various ways, leading to network outages, slow data transfer, or intermittent connectivity.

• Network Outages : A complete loss of physical connectivity can lead to network outages, preventing users from accessing network resources.
• Intermittent Connectivity : Loose or damaged cables may cause intermittent connectivity issues, resulting in unreliable network access.
• Slow Data Transfer : Poor physical connections can lead to data transmission errors and retransmissions, slowing down data transfer rates.
• Increased Downtime* : The time spent identifying and resolving physical connectivity issues can lead to increased network downtime and reduced productivity.

II. The Causes of Physical Connectivity Issues

• Loose or Damaged Cables : Loose, damaged, or improperly connected cables can lead to signal loss and intermittent connectivity. Cables that are bent, frayed, or crushed may not transmit data effectively.
• Faulty Connectors : Connectors that are not securely attached or have bent pins can result in poor connections between devices, leading to data transmission issues.
• Cable Length : Using cables that exceed their maximum recommended length can lead to signal degradation and data loss.
• Poorly Crimped or Terminated Cables : Improperly crimped or terminated cables may cause signal interference and connectivity problems.
• Network Device Issues : Faulty network interface cards (NICs) or malfunctioning ports on switches or routers can cause physical connectivity problems.
• Environmental Factors : External factors such as water damage, extreme temperatures, or physical disturbances can impact network cables and connectors.

III. How to Identify & Troubleshoot Physical Connectivity Issues

• Network Monitoring : Checking every cable one by one can be repetitive, and can take a large amount of time out of your day. A simple way to monitor cables on a defective connector is to have a network performance monitoring software , like Obkio, that will measure network errors on all network interfaces and warn you if any problems arise.
• Visual Inspection : Perform a physical inspection of cables, connectors, and network devices to identify any visible signs of damage or loose connections.
• Cable Testing : Use cable testers to check for continuity and proper termination of network cables. Swap Cables and Connectors: If possible, try replacing suspect cables and connectors with known-good ones to determine if the issue persists.
• Check Device Indicators : Examine network device indicators, such as LED lights, to see if they indicate any connectivity or link issues.
• Environmental Assessment : Ensure that network equipment is kept in suitable environmental conditions, free from water damage, extreme temperatures, and physical obstructions.
• Label and Organize Cables : Properly label and organize network cables to prevent accidental disconnections and make troubleshooting easier.
• Update Firmware and Drivers : Ensure that network devices have up-to-date firmware and drivers to minimize the risk of hardware-related issues.

Learn how to troubleshoot network issues by identifying where, what, why network problems occur with Network Troubleshooting tools.

IV. Network Troubleshooting Scenarios for Physical Connectivity Issues

Physical connectivity issues can disrupt network communication and lead to various network problems. Troubleshooting physical connectivity issues requires a systematic approach and attention to detail. Here are some network troubleshooting scenarios to consider when dealing with physical connectivity issues:

• Check Physical Connections : Verify that all network cables, connectors, and ports are properly connected and securely seated. Ensure that Ethernet cables are not damaged and have all pins intact.
• Swap Cables and Ports : If possible, swap suspect cables with known-working ones and test different network ports on the devices to rule out faulty cables or ports.
• Check Link Lights : Observe the link lights on network devices (routers, switches, and network interface cards) to determine if the devices are detecting link signals. If link lights are not active, it could indicate a physical connectivity problem.
• Inspect Patch Panels and Wall Outlets : In structured cabling systems, examine patch panels and wall outlets to ensure cables are correctly terminated and properly labeled.
• Use Cable Testers : Cable testers can help identify faulty cables, open circuits, or short circuits. Use a cable tester to check the integrity of network cables.
• Check Power Over Ethernet (PoE) : For PoE devices, ensure that power is being supplied correctly over the Ethernet cables.
• Verify Power Status : Check the power status of network devices to ensure they are powered on and functioning correctly.
• Check Physical Damage or Environmental Factors : Look for physical damage to network cables caused by bending, crushing, or exposure to environmental elements. Address any environmental factors that might be affecting the cables, such as excessive heat or moisture.
• Review Network Topology : Review the network topology to ensure that cables are appropriately connected between devices and network segments.
• Test Connectivity with Known Devices : Test connectivity with known working devices to isolate the issue to specific network segments or components.
• Check Wiring Standards : Ensure that network cabling adheres to appropriate wiring standards (e.g., TIA/EIA 568) and that cables are of the correct category (e.g., Cat 5e, Cat 6, etc.) for the required network speeds.
• Check Cable Lengths : Verify that the cable lengths do not exceed the maximum allowed length for the chosen cable category and network technology (e.g., Ethernet has specific cable length limits).
• Inspect Network Devices' LEDs : Network devices like switches and routers often have LEDs that indicate port activity and speed. Observe these LEDs to identify any abnormal behavior.
• Check Physical Security : Ensure that physical access to network devices and cables is restricted to authorized personnel to prevent accidental or intentional disconnections.
• Consider EMI/RFI Interference : Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) or Radio-Frequency Interference (RFI) from nearby electrical devices can affect network connectivity . Isolate network devices from potential sources of interference.
• Inspect Fiber Optic Connections : If your network uses fiber optic cables, check the connectors and fiber ends for any dirt, damage, or misalignment.

Network Problem #5. Malfunctioning Devices or Equipment

Sometimes, network issues occur within network equipment or devices like Firewalls, Routers, Switches, Wifi APs.

Malfunctioning devices or equipment are a common network problem that can disrupt network operations and lead to various connectivity issues. This category encompasses hardware failures or malfunctions within network devices, such as routers, switches, firewalls, servers, or network interface cards (NICs) . When devices malfunction, they may experience performance degradation or cease to function altogether, impacting the overall network performance and user experience.

You need to ensure that all the devices on your network are configured correctly in order for your network to work properly. Whenever you install or reconfigure a device, or upgrade equipment firmware on your network, you need to test that device to ensure that it’s been configured correctly.

Many network performance issues are caused by device misconfigurations that can affect different parts of your network and turn into major problems down the line. That’s why you need to pay attention to all the switches and devices on your network to ensure that they’re always working as they should be, and react quickly if they aren’t.

I. The Consequences of Malfunctioning Devices or Equipment

• Network Downtime : When crucial network devices fail, it can result in network outages and disrupt communication and data transfer.
• Slow Performance : Malfunctioning devices may struggle to process network traffic efficiently, leading to slow data transfer and increased latency.
• Data Loss : Hardware failures can cause data loss, especially if the malfunctioning device is responsible for data storage or backups.
• Reduced Reliability : Frequent device malfunctions erode the network's reliability, causing frustration for users and hindering business operations.

II. The Causes of Malfunctioning Devices or Equipment

• Hardware Failure : Components within network devices can fail due to wear and tear, manufacturing defects, or age. Common hardware failures include power supply issues, memory failures, or fan malfunctions.
• Overheating : Network devices that are not adequately cooled or positioned in poorly ventilated areas can overheat, leading to malfunctions and performance degradation.
• Software Bugs : Firmware or software bugs within network devices can cause erratic behavior or crashes, impacting their ability to function correctly.
• Power Surges or Electrical Issues : Power surges or electrical problems can damage network devices and render them inoperable.
• Environmental Factors : Adverse environmental conditions, such as exposure to moisture, dust, or extreme temperatures, can contribute to device malfunction.

III. How to Identify & Troubleshoot Malfunctioning Devices or Equipment

• Network Device Monitoring : Use network monitoring tools like Obkio to track device performance metrics, such as CPU usage, memory utilization, and temperature readings. Abnormal values may indicate potential device malfunctions. Obkio’s network device monitoring solution is a simple and easy solution that offers advanced polling for SNMP Monitoring for all SNMP-enabled devices along your network to ensure they’re all performing as they should be.
• Device Logs : Review device logs and error messages to identify any hardware or software-related issues reported by the device.
• Hardware Diagnostics : Many network devices come with built-in diagnostic tools that can identify hardware failures or malfunctions.
• Hardware Replacement : If a device is suspected to be malfunctioning, consider replacing it with a known-working spare or a new device to confirm if the issue is resolved.
• Firmware/Software Updates : Ensure that devices have the latest firmware and software updates to fix known bugs and optimize performance.
• Temperature Management : Check the environmental conditions of network devices and ensure they are adequately cooled and placed in suitable locations.
• Power Protection : Implement surge protectors and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems to safeguard devices against electrical issues.

By proactively identifying and addressing malfunctioning devices or equipment, businesses can reduce network downtime, maintain reliable operations, and ensure an efficient and responsive network infrastructure.

Learn how to identify network issues by looking at common problems, causes, consequences and solutions.

IV. Network Troubleshooting Scenarios for Malfunctioning Devices or Equipment

When dealing with malfunctioning network devices or equipment, prompt troubleshooting is essential to identify and resolve the issues efficiently. Here are some network troubleshooting scenarios to consider when facing malfunctioning devices or equipment:

• Device Power Status : Check if the malfunctioning device is powered on and receiving adequate power. Verify power connections and consider testing the device with a different power source or power cable.
• Device Reset or Reboot : Perform a controlled restart or reboot of the malfunctioning device. Sometimes, a simple restart can resolve temporary issues.
• Check Device Status Lights : Observe the status lights or LEDs on the malfunctioning device to identify any error codes or abnormal behavior. Refer to the device's documentation for guidance.
• Verify Firmware/Software Versions : Ensure that the device's firmware or software is up to date. If available, apply the latest firmware updates or patches from the manufacturer's website.
• Inspect Device Logs : Review the device logs to identify any error messages or alerts that might indicate the cause of the malfunction.
• Device Configuration : Verify the device configuration to ensure it aligns with the network's requirements and best practices. Look for misconfigurations or conflicting settings.
• Isolate Device from the Network : Temporarily disconnect the malfunctioning device from the network to determine if it is the cause of broader network issues.
• Test Connectivity and Cable : Check the connectivity of the malfunctioning device by testing it with a known-working cable and connecting it to a different network port.
• Temperature and Ventilation : Overheating can cause devices to malfunction. Ensure that the device has adequate ventilation and is not exposed to excessive heat.
• Test with Different Ports : If the device has multiple ports, test with different ports to check for faulty hardware on specific interfaces.
• Check for Hardware Faults : Examine the device's physical components for any signs of damage or hardware faults.
• Reinstall or Reset Device : If appropriate, consider reinstalling or performing a factory reset on the malfunctioning device to rule out software-related issues.
• Device Interoperability : Verify if the malfunctioning device is compatible with other devices on the network. Ensure that it supports required protocols and standards.
• Replace or Repair Faulty Components : If hardware components are found to be faulty, consider replacing or repairing them.
• Check for Environmental Factors : Determine if the malfunction could be caused by environmental factors such as electromagnetic interference or power fluctuations.
• Update Drivers : For network interface cards and other peripheral devices, update drivers to the latest versions to address potential compatibility issues.
• Verify Network Connectivity : Confirm that the malfunctioning device is connected to the correct network and VLAN (if applicable).
• Seek Vendor Support : If the issue persists or is beyond your troubleshooting capabilities, contact the vendor's technical support for further assistance.

Always document the troubleshooting steps and any changes made to the device or network during the process. Thorough documentation helps in future reference and sharing information with others who might be assisting with the troubleshooting process.

Network Problem #6. DNS Issues

DNS or Domain Name System, controls how visitors find your website over the Internet.

It is essentially a directory for the Internet (and every Internet-connected device) that matches domain names with IP addresses. Every single website has its own IP address on the web, and computers can connect to other computers via the Internet and look up websites using their IP address. When you type in a domain name in your Internet browser, DNS works to find the information connected to that domain.

DNS issues are very common network problems that many people tend to overlook. DNS issues occur when you are unable to connect to an IP address, signalling that you may have lost network or Internet access . For example, your site can simultaneously appear online for you, but looks to be offline to your visitors.

When DNS issues arise, users may experience difficulties accessing websites, sending emails, or connecting to network resources.

I. The Consequences of DNS Issues

The inability to access the Internet or particular sites can have a very immediate and negative impact on your business - especially if it means that users cannot access your site. Just a few hours offline can cost your company in more ways than one, which is why it’s important to find and fix DNS problems as soon as possible.

• Website Inaccessibility : Users may be unable to access websites or services due to failed DNS resolutions.
• Email Delivery Issues : DNS problems can affect email delivery, causing delays or preventing emails from being sent or received.
• Slow Internet Browsing : DNS lookup delays can result in sluggish website loading times and overall slow internet browsing experiences.
• Security Risks : DNS hijacking or cache poisoning can lead to security vulnerabilities, exposing users to phishing attacks or other malicious activities

II. The Causes of DNS Issues

• Bad Configurations: You may experience issues due to improper configuration of DNS records .
• High DNS Latency: High Latency, which is the measure of time it takes for data to reach its destination across a network, can cause slow and abnormally long loading times.
• High TTL Values: High “time to live” values on your records, will lead to high propagation wait times. Traceroute tools, like Obkio’s Live Traceroutes feature and Obkio Vision Visual Traceroue tool , actually track and monitor TTL values.
• Hardware/Network Failures: DNS problems can be caused by hardware failures on the host machine or network failures. Troubleshoot network/ hardware configuration settings using a network performance monitoring tool to identify the source of the problem.
• DNS Server Outages : If the DNS server responsible for resolving domain names becomes unavailable or experiences downtime, users will be unable to access websites or services.
• Misconfigured DNS Settings : Incorrectly configured DNS settings on network devices or client systems can lead to failed DNS lookups.
• DNS Cache Poisoning : Malicious actors can compromise DNS caches, leading to incorrect or spoofed DNS records being served, redirecting users to malicious websites.
• Network Connectivity Issues : Internet connectivity issues or problems or routing can prevent DNS queries from reaching DNS servers or receiving responses and lead to network connectivity issues
• DNS Propagation Delays : After making changes to DNS records, it can take time for the changes to propagate across the internet. During this period, users may experience inconsistent DNS resolution.
• DNS Hijacking : Cyber attackers may hijack DNS queries to redirect users to fraudulent websites or phishing pages.

III. How to Identify & Troubleshoot DNS Issues

• DNS Monitoring : Utilize network monitoring tools like Obkio to track DNS queries and response times. Monitor DNS servers' performance and ensure they are resolving queries promptly.
• DNS Testing Tools : Use DNS testing tools to check the network response time and accuracy of DNS queries from different locations.
• Flush DNS Cache : On client systems, flush the DNS cache to clear any outdated or corrupted entries that may be causing issues.
• Check DNS Server Status : Verify the status of DNS servers to ensure they are operational and responsive.
• Review DNS Settings : Check DNS settings on network devices, routers, and client systems for any misconfigurations.
• DNSSEC Implementation : Consider implementing DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions) to prevent DNS cache poisoning and improve DNS security.
• Monitor DNS Logs : Review DNS server logs for any unusual activities or error messages that may indicate issues.
• Update DNS Records : Ensure that DNS records are correctly updated and propagated across authoritative DNS servers.

By proactively identifying and resolving DNS issues, businesses can ensure smooth and reliable access to online resources, improve internet browsing experiences, and enhance overall network security.

Learn how to troubleshoot intermittent Internet connection issues with Network Monitoring. Find & fix the cause of intermittent Internet issues.

IV. Network Troubleshooting Scenarios for DNS Issues

DNS (Domain Name System) issues can cause various network problems, including the inability to access websites, email services, or other network resources. Here are some network troubleshooting scenarios to consider when dealing with DNS issues:

• Ping and Traceroute : Use the ping and traceroute commands to verify DNS resolution. If you can ping IP addresses but not domain names, it indicates a DNS resolution problem.
• Check DNS Server Settings : Verify that the DNS server settings on the client devices are correct. Ensure that they are pointing to the appropriate DNS servers, such as those provided by the ISP or internal DNS servers.
• DNS Server Reachability : Check if the DNS servers are reachable from the client devices. Use ping to confirm if the DNS servers respond to requests.
• Flush DNS Cache : Clear the DNS cache on the client devices to ensure they fetch fresh DNS records from the DNS servers.
• DNS Server Logs : Analyze the DNS server logs for errors or issues. Look for failed DNS requests or unusual patterns.
• DNS Forwarding and Recursion : Ensure that DNS servers are properly configured for forwarding and recursion. Misconfigured forwarding can lead to failed DNS resolution.
• DNSSEC Validation : If DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions) is enabled, check for DNSSEC validation issues that might prevent resolution for some domains.
• Check DNS Records : Verify the DNS records for the domain in question (A, CNAME, MX, etc.) to ensure they are correctly configured.
• Firewall and Filtering : Review firewall rules and content filtering settings that might block DNS traffic or DNS resolution.
• ISP DNS Issues : Contact the Internet Service Provider (ISP) to check if there are any DNS issues or outages in their DNS infrastructure.
• DNS Load Balancing : If using DNS-based load balancing, ensure that it is working correctly and directing traffic to the appropriate servers.
• DNS Round Robin : If DNS round-robin is used, verify that all the IP addresses in the DNS response are functional.
• Reverse DNS Lookup : Check reverse DNS lookup (PTR) records to ensure they match the corresponding forward (A) records.
• DNS Timeouts : Monitor for DNS timeouts in application logs or network captures, which may indicate DNS server unresponsiveness.
• DNS Hijacking or Spoofing : Investigate for any signs of DNS hijacking or spoofing, which could redirect users to malicious websites.
• DNS Over HTTPS (DoH) or DNS Over TLS (DoT) : If DoH or DoT is implemented, verify the configuration and connectivity to the chosen secure DNS resolver.
• IPv6 DNS Configuration : Ensure that DNS resolution works correctly for both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
• Third-Party DNS Services : If using third-party DNS services, verify their service status and reachability.
• DNS Health Check Tools : Utilize DNS health check tools or online DNS diagnostics to assess DNS configuration and performance.

By systematically troubleshooting DNS issues, you can identify and resolve the root cause of the problem, ensuring smooth DNS resolution and proper network connectivity. If the issue persists or is beyond your expertise, don't hesitate to seek assistance from qualified network administrators or DNS experts.

Network Problem #7. Interference in the Wireless Network

WiFi problems are one of the most common complaints surrounding modern day connectivity.

Interference in the wireless network is a common and frustrating network problem that can significantly impact Wi-Fi performance and reliability. Wireless networks, such as Wi-Fi, rely on radio frequencies to transmit data between devices. Interference occurs when other devices or signals disrupt this communication, leading to slow or unreliable wireless connections .

Several factors contribute to wireless interference, and identifying and mitigating these issues is crucial for maintaining a stable wireless network.

Signs of wireless interference include:

• Low signal strength even when close to a WiFi broadcast device
• Slower Internet connection when using connected over WiFi
• Slow file transfers between computers over WiFi
• Inability to pair WiFi or Bluetooth devices even when in proximity to the receiver
• Intermittently dropping of WiFi connection

I. The Consequences of Interference in the Wireless Network

• Slow Data Transfer : Interference can lead to a variety of Internet problems like slow data transfer rates and reduced Internet speeds, affecting productivity and user experience.
• Connection Drops : Wireless interference can cause frequent disconnections or dropped connections, disrupting ongoing tasks and communication.
• Unreliable Connectivity : Users may experience intermittent connectivity issues, making it challenging to access network resources consistently.
• Reduced Coverage : Interference can result in reduced Wi-Fi coverage, creating dead spots where wireless signals are weak or nonexistent.

II. The Causes of Interference in the Wireless Network

Very common household items, like microwave ovens or cordless phones, can slow down your home Wi-Fi network performance. If you live in a densely populated area, your neighbors’ Wi-Fi networks could actually be interfering with your own. This is particularly true if you’re using a 2.4GHz wireless router.

Seeing as a failure can occur at any time, the first challenge for network administrators is to quickly identify what can cause interference as well as the precise time they occurred.

• Overlapping Wi-Fi Channels : In environments with multiple Wi-Fi networks, overlapping channels can lead to interference as signals interfere with each other.
• Physical Obstructions : Physical obstacles like walls, floors, and large objects can attenuate Wi-Fi signals, reducing signal strength and causing interference.
• Electronic Devices : Other electronic devices operating on similar frequencies, such as cordless phones, Bluetooth devices, and microwaves, can cause interference.
• Nearby Access Points : When multiple access points are in close proximity, they can interfere with each other's signals, especially if they are on the same or overlapping channels.
• Signal Reflection and Refraction : Wi-Fi signals can reflect off surfaces or refract through materials, creating signal interference and dead zones.

III. How to Identify and Troubleshoot Interference in the Wireless Network

While users are usually quick enough to report problems, it’s ideal to identify and solve the problem before it affects users.

• Real-Time Network Monitoring : Utilize network monitoring tool, like Obkio for real-time network monitoring to track Wi-Fi performance in real-time and detect sudden drops in signal strength or connectivity issues that may indicate interference.
• Wi-Fi Site Surveys : Conduct site surveys using Wi-Fi analysis tools within the network monitoring platform to identify signal strength, coverage areas, and potential interference sources.
• Channel Analysis : Utilize network monitoring tools to analyze Wi-Fi channel utilization and identify crowded or overlapping channels that may be contributing to interference.
• Signal Strength Testing : Measure Wi-Fi signal strength across different areas of the workspace using network monitoring tools to identify weak or strong signal zones.
• Device Interference Check : Identify and isolate devices or equipment that may be causing wireless interference, using network monitoring to detect their presence and impact on Wi-Fi performance.
• Automated Alerts : Set up automated alerts within the network monitoring tool to be notified immediately when Wi-Fi interference is detected, allowing for quick investigation and resolution.
• Historical Analysis : Utilize historical data provided by the network monitoring platform to identify patterns of interference and assess the effectiveness of previous troubleshooting efforts.
• Network Topology Mapping : Use network monitoring tools or network observability tools to create visual representations of the network topology, helping identify potential physical obstructions or sources of interference.

By leveraging network monitoring alongside these troubleshooting approaches, businesses can proactively identify and address wireless interference, ensuring a more reliable and efficient Wi-Fi network. Network monitoring provides real-time insights, historical data, and automated alerts, empowering IT teams to promptly resolve interference issues and optimize wireless performance for enhanced user satisfaction.

IV. Network Troubleshooting Scenarios for Interference in the Wireless Network

Interference in a wireless network can cause signal degradation, reduced throughput, and disconnections. Troubleshooting wireless interference requires careful analysis and mitigation strategies. Here are some network troubleshooting scenarios to consider when dealing with interference in a wireless network:

• Physical Obstructions: Identify and remove or reposition physical obstructions such as walls, furniture, metal objects, or large appliances that may block or attenuate the Wi-Fi signal.
• Neighboring Wi-Fi Networks : Use a Wi-Fi analyzer tool to identify nearby Wi-Fi networks and the channels they are operating on. Choose a less congested channel for your wireless network to reduce interference.
• Microwave Ovens and Cordless Phones : Microwave ovens and some cordless phones operate in the same frequency range as Wi-Fi networks (2.4 GHz). Keep Wi-Fi access points away from these devices to minimize interference.
• Bluetooth Devices : Bluetooth devices can cause interference with Wi-Fi networks, especially in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. Separate Bluetooth devices from Wi-Fi access points or use Wi-Fi channels that are far from Bluetooth frequencies.
• Electronic Devices : Identify and relocate electronic devices that emit electromagnetic interference (EMI) or radio-frequency interference (RFI), such as baby monitors, wireless cameras, or wireless speakers.
• Dual-Band Wi-Fi Devices : If possible, use dual-band Wi-Fi devices that can operate in both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands. The 5 GHz band is typically less congested and offers better performance.
• Wi-Fi Signal Strength : Check the Wi-Fi signal strength at different locations within the coverage area to identify areas with weak signals that might be susceptible to interference.
• Wi-Fi Access Point Placement : Optimize the placement of Wi-Fi access points to achieve better coverage and reduce dead zones. Consider using Wi-Fi range extenders or mesh systems for larger areas.
• Wi-Fi Signal Overlapping : Avoid overlapping Wi-Fi signal coverage from multiple access points, as it can lead to interference. Adjust access point transmit power or channel settings to minimize overlap.
• Rogue Wi-Fi Devices : Look for rogue Wi-Fi access points or devices that might be interfering with your network. Use wireless intrusion detection systems (WIDS) to identify unauthorized devices.
• DFS Channels (5 GHz) : In the 5 GHz band, some channels require Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) due to radar detection requirements. Ensure your devices support DFS and are using appropriate DFS channels.
• WLAN Optimization : Use Wi-Fi optimization techniques such as band steering and airtime fairness to balance client connections and reduce interference.
• Wireless Site Survey : Perform a wireless site survey to assess the overall wireless environment and identify potential sources of interference.
• Quality of Service (QoS) : Implement QoS policies to prioritize critical Wi-Fi traffic and minimize the impact of non-essential traffic on network performance.
• Regular Monitoring : Continuously monitor Wi-Fi performance, interference levels, and client connectivity to detect and address issues proactively.
• Firmware Updates : Keep Wi-Fi access points and wireless devices' firmware up to date to take advantage of performance improvements and bug fixes.

By systematically troubleshooting wireless interference, you can optimize your Wi-Fi network's performance and deliver a more reliable wireless experience to users. Use appropriate network monitoring and diagnostic tools, like we mentioned in the section above, to analyze Wi-Fi performance and make informed decisions during the troubleshooting process.

Network Problem #8. Network Congestion

Network congestion is a prevalent network problem that occurs when there is an excessive amount of data traffic on the network, leading to congestion or bottlenecking . It can happen at various points in the network, such as routers, switches, or network links, where the capacity to handle data becomes overwhelmed by the volume of incoming traffic.

Network congestion can result from increased data demands, inefficient network configurations, or inadequate bandwidth allocation, and it can significantly impact the overall network performance and user experience.

I. The Consequences of Network Congestion

Network congestion can have severe ramifications on network performance and user experience. Let's go over the impact of congestion, including:

• Slow Data Transfer : Network congestion can result in slower data transfer rates, leading to delays in accessing resources and data.
• Latency and Packet Loss : Congestion can cause increased latency (delays) and packet loss, affecting real-time applications such as video conferencing or online gaming.
• Dropped Connections : Congestion can cause connections to drop or time out, resulting in failed file transfers or disrupted communication.
• Reduced Productivity : Sluggish network performance can hinder productivity, as users may experience delays in performing critical tasks.
• User Frustration : Network congestion can lead to frustration among users due to the inability to access resources or slow response times.

II. The Causes of Network Congestion

Understanding the root causes of network congestion is vital for devising appropriate solutions. Let’s go over the most common causes of network congestion in more detail:

• Increased Data Traffic : As the number of connected devices and users on the network grows, the demand for data transfer increases, leading to congestion.
• Bandwidth Limitations : Insufficient available bandwidth can cause congestion, especially in networks with limited capacity or where data-intensive applications dominate.
• Network Misconfigurations : Inefficient network configurations, such as incorrect Quality of Service (QoS) settings or improper routing, can lead to inefficient data flow and congestion.
• DDoS Attacks : Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks involve overwhelming a network with an enormous amount of traffic, causing congestion and rendering services unavailable.
• Software and Firmware Bugs : Network devices with software or firmware bugs can behave unpredictably, potentially contributing to network congestion.

III. How to Identify and Address Network Congestion

To mitigate network congestion, early detection and appropriate measures are essential.

• Network Monitoring : Use network monitoring tools like Obkio to track network performance metrics, including bandwidth utilization and traffic patterns. Identify periods of high traffic and potential congestion.
• Traffic Analysis : Analyze the type of data traffic and its volume to identify bandwidth-intensive applications or devices causing congestion.
• Quality of Service (QoS) Implementation : Implement QoS policies to prioritize critical applications and services over less essential ones during periods of congestion.
• Bandwidth Upgrades : Consider upgrading network bandwidth to accommodate increasing data demands and alleviate congestion.
• Load Balancing : Utilize load balancing techniques to distribute network traffic across multiple routes or devices, preventing bottlenecks in specific areas.
• Traffic Shaping : Implement traffic shaping to control the flow of data, ensuring fair distribution of bandwidth among different applications or users.
• Network Optimization : Regularly review network configurations and performance to identify areas for network optimization and improvement.

By proactively identifying and addressing network congestion, businesses can ensure a smoother and more responsive network, enhancing productivity and user satisfaction. Network congestion management plays a crucial role in maintaining a reliable and efficient network infrastructure that meets the growing demands of modern businesses.

Learn how to detect network congestion & perform a network congestion test inside & outside your network with Network Monitoring & Network Device Monitoring.

IV. Network Troubleshooting Scenarios for Network Congestion

Network congestion occurs when the network experiences high levels of traffic, causing slow data transmission, increased latency, and potential service disruptions. Here are some network troubleshooting scenarios to consider when dealing with network congestion:

• Identify Peak Usage Hours : Monitor network traffic to identify peak usage hours when congestion is most likely to occur. Plan for additional resources during these periods.
• Bandwidth Monitoring : Use network monitoring tools with SNMP Network Monitoring to track bandwidth usage and identify which applications or devices are consuming the most bandwidth.
• Quality of Service (QoS) : Implement QoS policies to prioritize critical traffic, such as VoIP or video conferencing, over non-essential traffic during periods of congestion.
• Malware or Botnet Activity : Malware-infected devices or botnet activity can cause excessive traffic and contribute to network congestion. Use security tools to detect and isolate infected devices.
• Cloud Services and Backups : Cloud services and data backups can consume significant bandwidth. Schedule backups during off-peak hours to avoid congestion.
• Check Network Switches and Routers : Check network devices for errors or signs of packet drops. Upgrade hardware if required to handle increased traffic.
• Analyze Network Topology : Review the network topology to identify potential bottlenecks or areas of contention.
• Segment Network Traffic : Separate different types of traffic, such as voice, data, and video, into separate VLANs to reduce contention.
• Update Firmware and Drivers : Keep network devices' firmware and drivers up to date to ensure optimal performance.
• Optimize Protocols : Fine-tune network protocols to reduce overhead and improve efficiency.
• Load Balancing : Distribute traffic across multiple links or paths using load balancing techniques.
• Consider Network Upgrades : If congestion is chronic and impacting productivity, consider upgrading network infrastructure, such as increasing bandwidth or using faster network technologies.
• Monitor Network Flow : Use flow analysis tools to understand traffic patterns and identify potential sources of congestion.
• Implement Caching : Use caching solutions for frequently accessed content to reduce the need for repetitive data transfers.
• Throttle Bandwidth-Intensive Applications : Limit the bandwidth usage of certain applications or devices that are causing congestion.
• Review ISP Performance : If the congestion is beyond your local network, contact your Internet Service Provider (ISP) to assess the overall network performance.
• Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Traffic Control : Implement policies to control and prioritize P2P traffic, which can consume a significant amount of bandwidth.
• Educate Users : Educate users about responsible internet usage and the impact of excessive data consumption on network performance.

By thoroughly troubleshooting network congestion, you can identify the root causes and implement appropriate solutions to improve overall network performance and user experience. Regular monitoring and analysis of network traffic patterns will help you proactively address congestion issues before they become significant problems.

Network Problem #9. Packet Loss

Packet loss is a prevalent network problem characterized by the failure of data packets to reach their intended destination within a network . It occurs when one or more packets of data are lost or discarded during transmission, leading to incomplete or corrupted data delivery.

Packet loss can happen due to various factors, such as network congestion, hardware issues, or data transmission errors, and it can significantly impact network performance and user experience.

In the same family of network issues, you may also encounter:

• Packet Reordering : When network packets arrive at their destination out of sequence
• Packet Duplication : The unintended replication of data packets during transmission. When packets are duplicated, multiple identical copies of the same packet are delivered to the destination.

I. The Consequences of Packet Loss

• Data Corruption : Packet loss can lead to incomplete or corrupted data transmissions, affecting the accuracy and integrity of transmitted information.
• Slow Data Transfer : Retransmitting lost packets can slow down data transfer rates, leading to increased latency.
• Degraded Voice and Video Quality : In real-time communication applications like VoIP and video conferencing, packet loss can result in choppy audio or pixelated video.
• Reduced Throughput : The loss of packets in data streams can reduce the overall throughput and efficiency of data delivery.
• Impact on Applications : Packet loss can negatively affect the performance of applications, leading to slower response times and disrupted services.

II. The Causes of Packet Loss

• Network Congestion : High levels of data traffic or network congestion can result in packets being dropped to alleviate the strain on the network.
• Network Jitter : Variations in packet delay, known as jitter, can lead to packet loss when packets arrive out of order or too late to be processed.
• Buffer Overflow : When network devices' buffers become overwhelmed due to high data rates, excess packets can be discarded.
• Data Transmission Errors : Errors during data transmission can cause packets to be corrupted or lost, especially in unreliable transmission mediums.
• Wireless Interference : Interference from other wireless signals or physical obstacles can lead to packet loss in Wi-Fi networks.
• Network Hardware Issues : Faulty network switches, routers, or other hardware can cause packet loss as packets fail to traverse the network correctly.

III. How to Identify & Troubleshoot Packet Loss

• Network Monitoring : Utilize network monitoring tools like Obkio to measure packet loss and track packet loss rates and identify periods of increased packet loss.
• Packet Analysis : Conduct packet analysis to identify the root causes of packet loss and determine the affected network segments.
• Bandwidth Optimization : Optimize bandwidth allocation and implement Quality of Service (QoS) to prioritize critical traffic and reduce packet loss.
• Jitter Control : Minimize network jitter through QoS and traffic shaping to prevent packet loss due to variations in packet delay.
• Network Hardware Inspection : Inspect network hardware to identify and replace faulty devices contributing to packet loss.
• Wireless Signal Optimization : Optimize Wi-Fi signals to reduce wireless interference and decrease packet loss in wireless networks.

By proactively identifying and addressing packet loss, businesses can improve network performance , maintain data integrity, and enhance the overall user experience. Network monitoring, packet analysis, and appropriate network optimization techniques play a vital role in detecting and mitigating packet loss issues effectively.

How to measure packet loss with Obkio’s Network & Packet Loss Monitoring tool. Check for packet loss in your network & read packet loss measurements.

IV. Network Troubleshooting Scenarios for Packet Loss

Packet loss can degrade network performance and cause disruptions in data transmission. Troubleshooting packet loss requires identifying the underlying causes and implementing appropriate solutions. Here are some network troubleshooting scenarios to consider when dealing with packet loss:

• Ping and Traceroute : Use ping and traceroute commands to identify packet loss and latency issues between devices. This can help pinpoint the location and severity of packet loss.
• Check Network Cables : Inspect network cables and connectors for damage, loose connections, or faulty wiring that could lead to packet loss.
• Verify Network Interface Cards (NICs) : Test and update network interface card drivers to ensure they are functioning correctly.
• Physical Layer Troubleshooting : Examine physical network components, such as switches and routers, for signs of hardware issues or congestion.
• Bandwidth Saturation : Monitor network traffic to see if bandwidth saturation is causing packet loss. Consider implementing Quality of Service (QoS) policies to prioritize critical traffic.
• Check for Network Congestion : Analyze network traffic patterns to identify areas of congestion that may be causing packet loss.
• Wireless Interference : In wireless networks, interference from neighboring Wi-Fi networks or other devices can lead to packet loss. Use a Wi-Fi analyzer to identify potential sources of interference.
• Reduce MTU Size : If you are experiencing fragmentation-related packet loss, reduce the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) size to prevent fragmentation.
• Jitter and Buffering : Examine network devices for excessive jitter or inadequate buffering that can contribute to packet loss.
• Routing Issues : Verify routing configurations to ensure packets are being routed correctly without any loops or misconfigurations.
• Firewall Settings : Check firewall rules to ensure they are not blocking legitimate traffic and causing packet loss.
• Malware and DDoS Attacks : Monitor for signs of malware infections or Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, as they can cause packet loss.
• ISP Issues : If the packet loss is beyond your local network, contact your Internet Service Provider (ISP) to investigate potential problems with their network.
• Buffer Bloat : Address buffer bloat issues by configuring QoS and traffic shaping to manage buffer size and prevent excessive queuing delay.
• Ping Flood or DDoS Testing : If you suspect malicious activities, investigate for possible ping flood or DDoS testing targeting your network.
• Update Firmware and Software : Keep network devices' firmware and software up to date to prevent known issues causing packet loss.
• Trunk Port Errors : For VLANs and trunk ports, check for misconfigurations or errors that might cause packet loss.
• Segment and Isolate Network Traffic : Use VLANs and subnetting to isolate different types of network traffic and prevent congestion-related packet loss.

By methodically troubleshooting packet loss, you can identify the root causes and apply appropriate solutions to improve network performance and reliability.

Network Problem #10. Jitter

Jitter is a common network problem that refers to the variation in packet delay experienced during data transmission over a network. It occurs when data packets encounter fluctuations in the time it takes to traverse the network from the source to the destination .

Jitter is particularly relevant in real-time communication applications, such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) calls and video conferencing, where timing precision is crucial for smooth and seamless communication.

I. The Consequences of Jitter

• Voice and Video Quality Issues : In real-time communication applications like VoIP and video conferencing, excessive jitter can cause choppy audio or video, affecting the overall call quality.
• Delayed Data Transmission : Jitter can lead to variations in data transmission delays, impacting the responsiveness of applications and services.
• Synchronization Problems: For time-sensitive applications, jitter can cause synchronization issues between data packets, leading to data corruption or loss.
• Interference with Real-Time Applications : Jitter can disrupt the flow of real-time data, making it challenging to maintain a smooth user experience.

II. The Causes of Jitter

• Network Congestion : High levels of data traffic or network congestion can lead to varying packet queuing times and result in jitter.
• Packet Routing : Different paths and routing delays taken by packets can cause varying arrival times at the destination.
• Network Jitter : Variations in network jitter itself can compound the issue, leading to additional packet timing discrepancies.
• Network Interference : Physical obstacles, wireless interference, or other external factors can introduce varying transmission delays.
• Buffering : Buffering in network devices can introduce variations in packet arrival times due to the varying lengths of packets.

III. How to Identify & Troubleshoot Jitter

• Network Monitoring : Use network monitoring tools like Obkio to measure jitter levels and identify periods of increased jitter. Obbkio will also help you identify the cause, source and time of jitter spikes in you network so you where where and how to direct your troubleshooting efforts.
• Quality of Service (QoS) Implementation : Implement QoS policies to prioritize real-time traffic, reducing the impact of jitter on critical applications.
• Buffer Management : Optimize buffer settings in network devices to minimize the effects of buffering-induced jitter.
• Traffic Shaping : Use traffic shaping techniques to regulate the flow of data and manage jitter more effectively.
• Path Optimization : Optimize network paths to minimize variations in packet routing and reduce jitter.
• Wireless Signal Optimization : In wireless networks, optimize Wi-Fi signals to reduce interference and decrease jitter.

By proactively identifying and addressing jitter, businesses can improve the performance of real-time communication applications, ensuring smooth voice and video calls, and enhancing the overall user experience. Network monitoring, QoS implementation, and network optimization play a crucial role in detecting and mitigating jitter effectively.

Learn how to measure network jitter using Obkio’s Network Monitoring software to identify network problems & collect data to troubleshoot.

IV. Network Troubleshooting Scenarios for Jitter

Jitter is the variation in the delay of packet delivery in a network, which can lead to inconsistent and unpredictable performance. Troubleshooting jitter involves identifying the causes of delay variations and implementing measures to mitigate its impact. Here are some network troubleshooting scenarios to consider when dealing with jitter:

• Ping and Traceroute : Use ping and traceroute commands to measure latency and identify potential variations in packet delivery times.
• Check Network Utilization : High network utilization can contribute to jitter. Monitor network traffic to identify congestion points and take appropriate actions to alleviate it.
• Quality of Service (QoS) : Implement QoS policies to prioritize real-time traffic, such as VoIP and video conferencing, over non-time-sensitive traffic to reduce jitter.
• Buffer Bloat : Buffer bloat occurs when excessively large buffers cause delays in packet delivery. Adjust buffer sizes on routers and switches to manage latency.
• Packet Loss : Packet loss can exacerbate jitter. Address any packet loss issues, as it may lead to increased jitter levels.
• Wireless Interference : In wireless networks, interference from other devices or neighboring networks can cause jitter. Use a Wi-Fi analyzer to identify sources of interference.
• Network Congestion : Congestion on the network can lead to increased jitter. Identify and resolve congestion points to minimize its impact.
• Physical Layer Issues : Inspect network cables and connectors for damage or faults that may cause delays in packet delivery.
• Network Switches and Routers : Verify the performance of network switches and routers, as hardware issues can contribute to jitter.
• Jitter Buffer : For real-time applications, such as VoIP, ensure that jitter buffer settings are appropriately configured to compensate for jitter.
• Traffic Shaping : Use traffic shaping techniques to control the flow of traffic and prevent sudden bursts of data that may cause jitter.
• Power Management : Disable power-saving features on network devices that may introduce latency variations.
• Proper Synchronization : Ensure that clocks are synchronized across network devices to prevent timing discrepancies that contribute to jitter.
• VoIP Codecs : For VoIP systems, consider using different codecs that are less sensitive to network jitter.
• Update Firmware and Software : Keep network devices' firmware and software up to date to address known issues related to jitter.
• ISP Performance : If jitter is beyond your local network, contact your Internet Service Provider (ISP) to assess and address potential issues on their network.
• Monitor Network Performance : Continuously monitor network performance to identify patterns of jitter and take proactive measures to improve network stability.
• Use Network Diagnostic Tools : Employ network diagnostic tools to analyze jitter levels and identify sources of delay variations.

By systematically troubleshooting jitter, you can identify the underlying causes and apply appropriate solutions to improve network performance and deliver a smoother experience for real-time applications.

Network Problem #11. Routing Problems

Routing problems are a common network issue that occurs w hen data packets are unable to reach their intended destination due to incorrect or inefficient routing decisions . Routing is the process of determining the best path for data to travel from the source to the destination across a network.

When routing problems arise, data packets may take suboptimal paths, experience delays, or even get lost, leading to disruptions in network communication and performance.

I. The Consequences of Routing Problems

• Slow Data Transfer : Routing problems can lead to longer data transmission times, causing delays in accessing resources and services.
• Packet Loss : Incorrect routing decisions can cause packets to be lost or dropped during transmission, affecting data integrity.
• Network Inefficiency : Routing problems can lead to inefficient use of network resources, increasing network latency and reducing overall performance.
• Disruptions in Communication : Critical services and applications may become unavailable or experience disruptions due to routing problems.

II. The Causes of Routing Problems

• Misconfigurations : Incorrect configuration of routing protocols or routing tables can lead to suboptimal or incorrect routing decisions.
• Network Congestion : High levels of network congestion can cause routers to make suboptimal routing choices, leading to delays and packet loss.
• Link Failures : When a link between network devices fails, routers may need to reroute traffic, and if this process is not seamless, routing problems can occur.
• BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) Issues : In large-scale networks, BGP misconfigurations or route flapping can cause routing problems and instability.
• Inadequate Bandwidth : Insufficient bandwidth on certain links can cause congestion and result in suboptimal routing decisions.

III. How to Identify & Troubleshoot Routing Problems

• Network Monitoring : Use network monitoring tools like Obkio to track routing metrics and identify anomalies or fluctuations in routing behavior.
• Routing Protocol Analysis : Analyze the configuration of routing protocols and routing tables to identify misconfigurations or inconsistencies.
• Route Flap Damping : In BGP environments, enable route flap damping to mitigate the impact of unstable routes.
• Bandwidth Upgrades : Consider upgrading network links with inadequate bandwidth to alleviate congestion and improve routing efficiency.
• Link Redundancy : Implement link redundancy and dynamic routing protocols to ensure seamless failover in case of link failures.
• Regular Audits : Conduct regular audits of network configurations and routing tables to identify and rectify potential issues.

By proactively identifying and addressing routing problems, businesses can maintain a more efficient and reliable network infrastructure. Network monitoring, analysis of routing protocols, and proper network configuration play a vital role in detecting and resolving routing problems promptly. This ensures smooth and seamless data transmission, optimizing network performance and user experience.

IV. Network Troubleshooting Scenarios for Routing Problems

Routing problems can lead to communication issues between network devices and services. Troubleshooting routing problems requires careful analysis of the routing configuration and associated network components. Here are some network troubleshooting scenarios to consider when dealing with routing problems:

• Ping and Traceroute : Use ping and traceroute commands to verify connectivity between devices and identify potential routing issues.
• Routing Table Verification : Check the routing tables on routers and switches to ensure they are correctly configured and have the appropriate routes.
• Routing Protocol Issues : If dynamic routing protocols are used, verify the protocol configurations and adjacencies between neighboring routers.
• Default Gateway : Confirm that devices have the correct default gateway configured, which is critical for forwarding traffic to external networks.
• Routing Loops : Check for routing loops in the network, which can cause packets to circulate indefinitely. Correct any misconfigurations causing loops.
• Routing Redistribution : If multiple routing protocols are in use, check for proper redistribution to ensure that routes are distributed correctly.
• Static Routes : Verify that any static routes are accurate and up-to-date, especially if they are used to override dynamic routing protocols.
• Routing Metrics : Review routing metrics to ensure they are set appropriately, as improper metrics can lead to suboptimal routing decisions.
• Routing Blackholes : Look for cases where routing paths unexpectedly drop packets (routing blackholes) and investigate the cause.
• Network Topology Changes : If recent network topology changes have occurred, verify that routing configurations were updated accordingly.
• Routing Protocol Authentication : Check if routing protocol authentication is enabled and configured correctly to prevent unauthorized routing updates.
• Split Horizon : For networks using split horizon, ensure that the split horizon rule is properly applied to prevent routing information loops.
• Routing Protocol Timers : Examine routing protocol timers to ensure they are set appropriately for the network environment.
• Network Segmentation : Confirm that network segmentation is accurate and logical, and routes are correctly configured between segments.
• Router Interface Status : Verify that router interfaces are operational and have the correct IP addressing and subnet masks.
• Physical Connectivity : Check for physical connectivity issues that may prevent proper routing information exchange.
• Backup Routes : If using backup or redundant routes, validate their configurations and failover mechanisms.
• Update Firmware and Software : Keep router and switch firmware/software up to date to address known issues related to routing.
• Monitor Routing Changes : Continuously monitor routing tables and log any changes to quickly identify and address unexpected alterations.

By methodically troubleshooting routing problems, you can identify and resolve issues that may be disrupting communication in the network. Regular network monitoring, like we mentioned in the previous section, thorough analysis of routing configurations, and prompt resolution of routing-related errors will help ensure smooth and reliable network operation. If the issue persists or is beyond your expertise, seek assistance from qualified network administrators or engage with vendor support.

Network Problem #12. VoIP Call Quality Issues

VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) call quality issues are a common network problem that affects the clarity and reliability of voice communications over the Internet .

VoIP enables real-time voice communication using the internet as the transport medium. However, various factors within the network environment can lead to degraded call quality, causing disruptions, echoes, or delays in voice conversations.

I. The Consequences of VoIP Call Quality Issues

• Poor Call Clarity : VoIP call quality issues can result in poor audio quality, making it challenging to understand and communicate effectively.
• Dropped Calls : Frequent call dropouts or disconnects due to packet loss or network issues can hinder communication.
• Communication Delays : High latency can lead to noticeable delays in conversations, causing awkward pauses and communication difficulties.
• Unreliable Communication : Call quality problems can lead to unreliable communication experiences, affecting business operations and customer service.

II. The Causes of VoIP Call Quality Issues:

• Network Congestion : High data traffic and network congestion can lead to delayed or lost VoIP packets, resulting in poor call quality.
• Jitter : Variations in packet delay, known as jitter, can cause voice packets to arrive out of order, resulting in choppy or distorted audio during calls.
• Packet Loss : Packet loss occurs when VoIP packets fail to reach their destination, leading to gaps or dropouts in the conversation.
• Latency : Latency, the delay between sending and receiving data, can lead to noticeable delays and interruptions in VoIP calls.
• Insufficient Bandwidth : Inadequate bandwidth can restrict the amount of data that can be transmitted, leading to reduced call quality.
• Network Interference : Interference from other devices or signals can impact VoIP calls, especially in wireless environments.

How to Identify & Troubleshoot VoIP Call Quality Issues

• Network Monitoring : Use network monitoring tools like Obkio to measure VoIP quality metrics, such as MOS score, jitter, packet loss, and latency and identify issues affecting VoIP Quality right on the VoIP Quality graph.
• QoS Implementation : Implement Quality of Service (QoS) ) policies to prioritize VoIP traffic and minimize the impact of other data traffic on call quality.
• Bandwidth Allocation : Ensure sufficient bandwidth is allocated to VoIP traffic to avoid congestion and call quality issues.
• Traffic Shaping : Utilize traffic shaping techniques to regulate data flow and prioritize VoIP packets.
• Jitter Buffer Optimization : Optimize jitter buffer settings to compensate for jitter and ensure smoother audio playback.
• Network Upgrades : Consider upgrading network infrastructure to handle increased VoIP traffic and improve call quality.

By proactively identifying and addressing VoIP call quality issues, businesses can ensure clear and reliable voice communication, improving collaboration and customer interactions. Network monitoring, QoS implementation, and network optimization are essential in detecting and mitigating VoIP call quality issues, enhancing overall communication experiences within the organization.

Learn how to measure VoIP Quality using MOS Score (Mean Opinion Score) & Obkio’s VoIP monitoring solution to identify poor VoIP Quality issues & dropped calls.

IV. Network Troubleshooting Scenarios for VoIP Call Quality Issues

VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) call quality issues can negatively impact communication and user experience. Troubleshooting VoIP call quality issues requires identifying and resolving factors that affect voice transmission over the network. Here are some network troubleshooting scenarios to consider when dealing with VoIP call quality issues:

• Check Bandwidth and Network Utilization : Insufficient bandwidth or high network utilization can lead to call quality degradation. Monitor network traffic and ensure sufficient bandwidth is available for VoIP traffic.
• Quality of Service (QoS) : Implement QoS policies to prioritize VoIP traffic over other types of data to ensure smooth transmission and reduced latency.
• Ping and Jitter : Measure ping and jitter between endpoints to identify potential latency and jitter issues affecting call quality.
• Packet Loss : Monitor for packet loss, which can significantly impact call quality. Address any packet loss issues on the network.
• Buffer Bloat : Buffer bloat can introduce latency in the network. Optimize buffer sizes to prevent excessive delays in packet transmission.
• Codecs : Check the codecs used for VoIP calls. Some codecs may prioritize bandwidth savings over call quality. Consider using codecs that offer better voice quality.
• Network Congestion : Analyze network congestion points and address them to reduce the impact on VoIP call quality.
• Network Equipment : Verify the performance of network switches and routers, as hardware issues can contribute to call quality problems.
• Wireless Interference : In wireless networks, interference from neighboring Wi-Fi networks or other devices can affect VoIP call quality. Use a Wi-Fi analyzer to identify sources of interference.
• Check for Dropped Packets : Identify and address any dropped packets affecting call quality.
• VoIP Gateway Configuration : Verify the configuration of VoIP gateways and devices to ensure they are set correctly for the network environment.
• Codec Mismatch : Ensure that both ends of the call are using compatible codecs. A codec mismatch can lead to poor call quality.
• Router Configuration : Review router configurations for issues that may affect VoIP call quality, such as Access Control Lists (ACLs) or firewall settings.
• Router Firmware Updates : Keep router firmware up to date to address known issues related to VoIP call quality.
• SIP Trunk and Provider Issues : If using SIP trunks or a VoIP service provider, check for any issues with their service that may be affecting call quality.
• Jitter Buffer Settings : Adjust jitter buffer settings to optimize the handling of packet variations and reduce jitter-related issues.
• Network Monitoring : Continuously monitor network performance to detect any patterns of call quality degradation and identify the causes. Network monitoring tools with VoIP monitoring , like Obkio, are especially important for identifying VoIP Quality issues.
• Network Latency : Address any latency issues in the network that may affect VoIP call quality.
• ISP Performance : If VoIP call quality issues persist, contact your Internet Service Provider (ISP) to assess and address potential network problems.

By methodically troubleshooting VoIP call quality issues, you can identify and resolve factors impacting call quality, leading to improved voice communication over the network. Regular network monitoring and analysis will help you proactively detect and address VoIP call quality issues as they arise.

Network Problem #13. Network Device Failures

Network device failures are a common and potentially disruptive network problem that occurs when essential network devices, such as routers, switches, firewalls, or access points, stop functioning correctly .

Network devices play a crucial role in data transmission, routing, and security within a network infrastructure. When one of these devices fails, it can lead to service disruptions, connectivity issues, and downtime.

I. The Consequences of Network Device Failures

• Network Downtime : When critical network devices fail, it can lead to network downtime and service interruptions.
• Connectivity Issues : Failures in routers, switches, or access points can disrupt network connectivity, affecting communication and data transfer.
• Security Vulnerabilities : Failed security devices like firewalls can expose the network to potential security breaches and unauthorized access. 8 Data Loss : Network device failures can lead to data loss, especially if devices were responsible for data storage or backup.

II. The Causes of Network Device Failures

• Hardware Malfunctions : Network devices can experience hardware failures due to wear and tear, overheating, power surges, or manufacturing defects.
• Firmware or Software Errors : Faulty firmware or software updates can cause network devices to behave unpredictably or fail.
• Configuration Errors : Incorrect or misconfigured settings in network devices can lead to malfunctions or instability.
• Environmental Factors : Environmental conditions, such as exposure to extreme temperatures, humidity, or dust, can impact the reliability of network devices.

III. How to Identify & Troubleshoot Network Device Failures

• Network Monitoring : Use network monitoring tools like Obkio, along with Obkio’s Network Device Monitoring feature to continuously monitor the health and performance of core network devices to identify device availability, resource and performance issues.
• Device Health Checks : Perform regular health checks on network devices to identify early signs of potential failures or abnormalities.
• Firmware and Software Updates : Keep network device firmware and software up to date with the latest stable releases to minimize potential issues.
• Configuration Backups : Regularly back up the configuration settings of network devices to facilitate quick recovery in case of failures.
• Redundancy and Failover : Implement redundancy and failover mechanisms to ensure network continuity in the event of device failures.
• Hardware Maintenance : Regularly inspect and maintain network devices to address any physical issues and ensure proper functioning.

By proactively monitoring and maintaining network devices, businesses can reduce the risk of network disruptions caused by device failures. Quick identification and timely resolution of network device failures play a crucial role in minimizing downtime, improving network reliability , and ensuring seamless communication and data transfer.

Learn about Network Device Monitoring to easily monitor performance of firewalls, routers & switches to identify problems like high CPU & bandwidth usage.

IV. Network Troubleshooting Scenarios for Network Device Failures

Network device failures can disrupt network communication and lead to service outages. Troubleshooting network device failures requires a systematic approach to identify the failing device and address the issue promptly. Here are some network troubleshooting scenarios to consider when dealing with network device failures:

• Physical Inspection : Perform a physical inspection of the device to check for any visible signs of damage, loose connections, or hardware failures.
• Power Cycle : Power cycle the device by turning it off and then back on. Sometimes, a simple reboot can resolve temporary issues.
• Check Power and Power Supply : Verify that the device is receiving power and that the power supply is functioning correctly.
• Check Device LEDs : Observe the status lights or LEDs on the device to identify any error codes or abnormal behavior.
• Device Logs : Analyze the device logs for error messages or alerts that might indicate the cause of the failure.
• Test Connectivity : Test connectivity to and from the device to see if it is responsive or if it is completely unreachable.
• Replace Network Cables : If applicable, try replacing the network cables connecting the device to the network.
• Isolate the Failing Device : If possible, isolate the failing device from the network to prevent it from causing further disruptions.
• Swapping Redundant Components : If the device has redundant components (e.g., power supplies, interface cards), try swapping them with spare parts to see if it resolves the issue.
• Verify Firmware/Software Versions : Ensure that the device's firmware or software is up to date. Apply the latest firmware updates or patches from the manufacturer's website.
• Temperature and Ventilation : Overheating can cause devices to fail. Ensure that the device has adequate ventilation and is not exposed to excessive heat.
• Check for Environmental Factors : Determine if the device failure could be caused by environmental factors such as power fluctuations or temperature variations.
• Backup and Restore Configurations : If the device can be replaced, backup its configuration and restore it on the replacement device to minimize downtime.
• RMA or Warranty : If the device is under warranty or support contract, contact the vendor for a possible replacement or repair.
• Identify the Impact : Assess the impact of the failed device on the network and affected services.
• Redundancy and Failover : Review the network design to ensure proper redundancy and failover mechanisms are in place to handle device failures.
• Replacement and Spare Parts : Keep spare devices or critical components on hand to quickly replace failed devices when needed.
• Document the Failure : Document all the troubleshooting steps, actions taken, and the resolution for future reference.

By following a systematic troubleshooting approach, you can quickly identify the failing device and take appropriate steps to address the issue, minimizing network downtime and ensuring smooth network operation. If the issue is beyond your expertise, seek assistance from qualified network technicians or engage with vendor support for further assistance.

Network Problem #14. VPN Connectivity Problems

VPN (Virtual Private Network) connectivity issues are a common network problem that can hinder remote workers or branch offices from securely accessing the corporate network. VPNs create encrypted tunnels over the public internet, allowing users to access internal resources and services as if they were directly connected to the corporate network.

However, various factors can lead to connectivity problems, preventing users from establishing or maintaining a stable VPN connection .

I. The Consequences of VPN Connectivity Issues

• Limited Remote Access : VPN connectivity issues can restrict remote workers' access to critical resources and data.
• Reduced Productivity : Users may experience delays or interruptions in their work due to VPN connection failures.
• Security Risks : VPN connectivity problems can prompt users to seek alternative and potentially insecure ways to access corporate resources.

II. The Causes of VPN Connectivity Issues

• Network Congestion : High levels of data traffic or network congestion can impact VPN performance and lead to connectivity problems.
• Firewall or Security Settings : Misconfigured firewalls or security settings can block VPN traffic, preventing successful connections.
• VPN Server Overload : An overloaded VPN server can struggle to handle incoming connection requests, leading to connection failures.
• Client Software Conflicts : Interference from other software or settings on the client device can cause VPN connectivity issues.
• Internet Connection Instability : Unstable or unreliable internet connections can disrupt VPN connections.
• VPN Protocol Issues : Compatibility issues between VPN protocols and devices can lead to connection problems.

III. How to Identify & Troubleshoot VPN Connectivity Issues

• Network Monitoring : Use network monitoring tools like Obkio to track VPN connectivity metrics and identify potential issues. Obkio has remote network monitoring features, which is especially important for monitoring remote workers connectivity towards VPNs.
• Firewall and Security Configuration : Review and adjust firewall settings to ensure VPN traffic is permitted and secure.
• VPN Server Load Balancing : Implement load balancing for VPN servers to distribute connection requests evenly and avoid network overload .
• VPN Client Troubleshooting : Troubleshoot VPN client software on user devices to identify and resolve conflicts or configuration issues.
• Internet Connection Stability : Address internet connection problems on user devices to ensure a stable VPN connection.
• VPN Protocol Selection : Choose appropriate VPN protocols based on device compatibility and network requirements.

By proactively monitoring and troubleshooting VPN connectivity issues, businesses can ensure remote workers have reliable access to corporate resources. Network monitoring, VPN server optimization, and client device maintenance play a vital role in identifying and resolving VPN connectivity issues, enhancing productivity, and maintaining a secure remote work environment.

IV. Network Troubleshooting Scenarios for VPN Connectivity Issues

VPN (Virtual Private Network) connectivity issues can prevent users from securely accessing resources on a remote network. Troubleshooting VPN connectivity problems requires a careful examination of both client-side and server-side configurations. Here are some network troubleshooting scenarios to consider when dealing with VPN connectivity issues:

• Check Client Credentials : Verify that the VPN client has the correct username, password, and any necessary authentication tokens or certificates.
• VPN Client Software : Ensure that the VPN client software is installed correctly and up to date.
• VPN Server Status : Check the VPN server's status to ensure it is operational and accepting connections.
• Firewall and Security Software : Temporarily disable any third-party firewalls or security software that might be blocking VPN connections.
• Check VPN Server Logs : Review the VPN server logs for any error messages or connection attempts from the problematic client.
• Network Address Translation (NAT) : If the VPN server is behind a NAT device, ensure that proper NAT traversal (like NAT-T) is configured.
• VPN Protocol : Verify that both the client and server are using the same VPN protocol (e.g., OpenVPN, PPTP, L2TP/IPsec, IKEv2).
• Firewall Rules : Check firewall rules on the VPN server to ensure that incoming VPN traffic is allowed.
• Verify VPN Server and Client IP Addressing : Ensure that there are no IP address conflicts between the client and server networks.
• Internet Connectivity : Verify that both the client and server have a stable internet connection.
• ISP Blocking : Check if the internet service provider (ISP) is blocking VPN traffic. Try connecting from a different ISP to test.
• MTU Settings : Test different Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) settings on the client and server to avoid potential fragmentation issues.
• VPN Split Tunneling : Confirm that VPN split tunneling is not causing conflicts with local or remote network access.
• Restart VPN Services : Try restarting the VPN server and services.
• VPN Routing : Ensure that VPN routing is correctly configured to allow traffic to flow between client and server.
• VPN Server Certificates : Verify that server-side certificates (if used) are valid and not expired.
• Check VPN Encryption Settings : Ensure that both the client and server agree on encryption and authentication settings.
• Temporary Bypass VPN : Temporarily bypass the VPN and test regular internet connectivity to verify the issue is VPN-specific.
• NAT Traversal : If the VPN client is behind a NAT device, ensure that NAT traversal methods are enabled on both client and server.
• Update VPN Client and Server Software : Keep both the VPN client and server software up to date to address any known issues.
• Client and Server Time Sync : Verify that the client and server clocks are synchronized, as time differences can cause authentication problems.

By systematically troubleshooting VPN connectivity issues, you can identify and resolve the root causes, allowing users to securely access remote resources over the VPN. Documenting the troubleshooting steps and actions taken will aid in future reference and assist others in resolving similar issues. If the issue persists or requires expertise beyond your capabilities, don't hesitate to seek assistance from qualified network administrators or VPN specialists.

Network Problem #15. Load Balancing Configuration Errors

Load balancing configuration errors are a common network problem that occurs when the distribution of network traffic across multiple servers or links is not optimized or balanced correctly .

Load balancing is a technique used to evenly distribute incoming network requests or data traffic among multiple resources, ensuring optimal utilization of resources and preventing overload on individual components. However, misconfigurations or errors in load balancing setups can lead to uneven distribution, causing performance issues and potential service disruptions.

I. Consequences of Load Balancing Configuration Errors

• Overloaded Servers : Misconfigurations can lead to uneven distribution of traffic, overburdening certain servers while leaving others underutilized.
• Service Degradation : Load balancing errors can cause performance issues, leading to slow response times and reduced service availability.
• User Experience Issues : Users may experience inconsistent service quality or disruptions due to load balancing problems.
• Increased Downtime Risk : Load balancing configuration errors can increase the risk of service outages or downtime during peak traffic periods.

II. Causes of Load Balancing Configuration Errors

• Incorrect Weighting : Assigning improper weights to servers or links in the load balancing setup can result in disproportionate traffic distribution.
• Inadequate Health Checks : Inaccurate or inadequate health checks on servers can lead to the inclusion of faulty or overloaded servers in the load balancing pool.
• Session Persistence Misconfiguration : Misconfiguring session persistence can cause users to lose their session data when redirected to different servers.
• Improper Load Balancer Placement : Placing the load balancer in an inefficient location within the network can lead to suboptimal traffic routing.

III. How to Identify & Troubleshoot Load Balancing Configuration Errors

• Network Monitoring : Utilize network monitoring tools like Obkio to track server performance and identify any imbalanced traffic patterns.
• Load Balancer Configuration Review : Regularly review load balancer settings and verify proper weightings and health checks.
• Testing and Validation : Conduct load testing and validation to ensure load balancing configurations work as intended under different traffic conditions.
• Session Persistence Testing : Verify session persistence settings to ensure smooth user experience during server changes.
• Load Balancer Placement : Review the placement of load balancers in the network to optimize traffic routing.

By proactively identifying and addressing load balancing configuration errors, businesses can ensure efficient resource utilization, enhance service performance, and reduce the risk of downtime. Network monitoring, load balancer configuration reviews, and rigorous testing play a crucial role in detecting and resolving load balancing configuration errors, improving the overall reliability and availability of network services.

IV. Network Troubleshooting Scenarios for Load Balancing Configuration Errors

Load balancing configuration errors can lead to uneven distribution of traffic, service disruptions, and degraded performance. Troubleshooting load balancing issues requires careful analysis of the load balancer's configuration and associated network components. Here are some network troubleshooting scenarios to consider when dealing with load balancing configuration errors:

• Check Load Balancer Configuration : Review the load balancer's configuration to ensure it is set up correctly, including virtual server settings, server pools, and load balancing algorithms.
• Monitor Server Health : Monitor the health and status of the backend servers to ensure they are properly configured and responsive to requests.
• Verify Server Pool Membership : Check that all the intended backend servers are added to the appropriate server pools and that no servers are mistakenly excluded.
• Check Load Balancer Status : Verify that the load balancer is operational and not experiencing any issues.
• Load Balancer Firmware and Software Updates : Keep the load balancer's firmware and software up to date to address known issues and security vulnerabilities.
• Algorithm Selection : Ensure the appropriate load balancing algorithm (e.g., round-robin, least connections, weighted) is selected based on the specific application and server requirements.
• Monitor Traffic Distribution : Observe the traffic distribution among backend servers to identify any imbalances.
• Session Persistence : Check session persistence settings to ensure that client requests are directed to the same backend server for the duration of a session, if required.
• Health Checks and Monitors : Review health check settings to ensure they accurately monitor backend server availability and health.
• Virtual IP Address and Network Configuration : Verify that the virtual IP address and network configuration are properly set up and accessible.
• Firewall Rules and Security Groups : Check that firewall rules or security groups are not blocking the load balancer's traffic.
• Service Ports and Protocols : Confirm that the load balancer is configured to forward traffic to the correct service ports and protocols on the backend servers.
• Log Analysis : Analyze load balancer logs for any error messages or indications of misconfiguration.
• Service Check : Use network monitoring tools to perform service checks on the backend servers to identify any issues.
• Load Test and Simulation : Conduct load testing or simulate traffic to observe how the load balancer handles various loads and conditions.
• SSL Certificates : If using SSL termination, verify that the SSL certificates on the load balancer are valid and not expired.
• Application-Specific Configuration : For certain applications, ensure that any application-specific configurations or settings are correctly configured in the load balancer.
• Backup and Restore Configurations : Keep backups of load balancer configurations and restore them in case of accidental changes or misconfigurations.
• Rollback Changes : If you recently made changes to the load balancer configuration, consider rolling back the changes to a known working state.

By systematically troubleshooting load balancing configuration errors, you can identify and resolve issues that affect traffic distribution and optimize the performance and reliability of the load balancer. Regular monitoring and analysis of traffic patterns will help you proactively detect and address load balancing issues as they arise. If the issue persists or is beyond your expertise, seek assistance from qualified network administrators or load balancing specialists.

Network Problem #16. Link Flapping

Link flapping is a common network problem characterized by the frequent and rapid oscillation of a network link between the up and down states .

When a link flaps, it continuously alternates between being connected (up) and disconnected (down). This rapid and inconsistent behavior can disrupt network communication, cause service interruptions, and lead to instability within the network infrastructure.

I. The Consequences of Link Flapping

• Network Instability : Frequent link flapping can destabilize the network, leading to poor performance and service disruptions.
• Packet Loss : During link flapping, data packets may be lost or delayed, affecting data integrity and delivery.
• Connectivity Issues : Devices connected to the flapping link may experience intermittent connectivity or disconnections.
• Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Recalculation Delays : STP recalculations during link flapping can result in temporary network outages or increased convergence times.

II. The Causes of Link Flapping

• Physical Connectivity Issues : Loose or damaged cables, connectors, or network ports can cause link flapping when there are intermittent connections.
• Network Device Errors : Malfunctioning network switches, routers, or network interface cards (NICs) can lead to unstable link states.
• Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Misconfigurations: Incorrect STP configurations can create network loops, resulting in link flapping as STP tries to block or unblock redundant paths.
• Ethernet Auto-Negotiation Problems : Inconsistent auto-negotiation settings between devices can cause link flapping due to mismatched speeds or duplex modes.

III. How to Identify & Troubleshoot Link Flapping

• Network Monitoring : Use network monitoring tools like Obkio to track link status and identify instances of link flapping.
• Physical Inspection : Physically inspect network cables and connectors to ensure they are properly connected and not damaged.
• Interface Errors : Check for interface errors or error counters on network devices to identify potential issues.
• STP Configuration Review : Review and verify STP configurations to prevent network loops and link flapping.
• Speed and Duplex Settings : Ensure consistent speed and duplex settings between connected devices to avoid negotiation issues.
• Link Redundancy : Evaluate link redundancy and adjust configurations to avoid unintended loops.

By proactively identifying and addressing link flapping, businesses can maintain a stable and reliable network infrastructure. Network monitoring, physical inspections, and STP configuration reviews are essential in detecting and mitigating link flapping issues, ensuring smooth communication and data transfer within the network.

IV. Network Troubleshooting Scenarios for Link Flapping

Link flapping occurs when a network link experiences frequent up and down transitions, causing instability and disruptions in communication. Troubleshooting link flapping requires identifying the underlying causes and implementing solutions to stabilize the link. Here are some network troubleshooting scenarios to consider when dealing with link flapping:

• Physical Inspection : Inspect the physical connections of the link for loose cables, damaged connectors, or faulty network equipment.
• Cable Quality : Check the quality of the network cables. Use certified and properly shielded cables to reduce interference.
• Link Speed and Duplex Settings : Verify that both ends of the link are set to the same speed and duplex settings (e.g., 1 Gbps, full duplex) to avoid negotiation issues.
• Auto-Negotiation : Test the link with auto-negotiation enabled and disabled to see if it stabilizes the connection.
• Check Network Equipment : Review the logs and statistics of the network switches or routers connected to the link for any errors or alerts related to the flapping link.
• Firmware and Software Updates : Ensure that the firmware and software of network devices are up to date to address known issues.
• STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) Issues : Check if the link is part of a spanning tree loop or blocked by Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) due to redundancy misconfigurations.
• STP PortFast and BPDU Guard : If using STP, ensure that PortFast and BPDU Guard are configured correctly to prevent accidental loops.
• Link Aggregation (EtherChannel/LACP) : If the link is part of a link aggregation group, verify the configuration of the aggregation protocol (e.g., EtherChannel, LACP).
• Power Fluctuations : Verify that the devices connected to the link have stable power sources to prevent link flapping due to power issues.
• Update NIC Drivers : Keep network interface card (NIC) drivers up to date on connected devices to prevent compatibility issues.
• Interference : Check for sources of electromagnetic interference or signal degradation that might affect the link stability.
• Port Statistics : Monitor port statistics to check for excessive error counters, collisions, or other anomalies.
• MTU Size : Test different Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) sizes to avoid potential fragmentation issues.
• Bypass Network Equipment : Temporarily bypass any intermediate network equipment (e.g., switches, routers) to determine if the issue is specific to a particular device.
• Check Other Network Links : Investigate if any other links or devices in the network are causing network congestion or instability.
• Isolate Devices : Isolate devices connected to the link to test if the problem lies with one of the connected devices.
• Network Capture : Use network capture tools to analyze network traffic and look for patterns or events leading to link flapping.

By systematically troubleshooting link flapping, you can identify the root causes and implement appropriate solutions to stabilize the link and ensure reliable network communication. Regular monitoring and analysis of network performance will help you proactively detect and address link flapping issues as they arise. If the issue persists or requires expertise beyond your capabilities, seek assistance from qualified network administrators or network equipment vendors.

How to Troubleshoot the Most Common Network Problems: Steps & Tips

Now that we've gone over some of the most common network problems that businesses encounter in enterprise networks, it's essential to equip ourselves with effective troubleshooting steps. When network issues arise, swift and systematic troubleshooting is crucial to minimize downtime, ensure smooth operations, and maintain a reliable network infrastructure.

Identifying network issues is the first step to solving them - and it all comes down to pinpointing who , what , where , and when .

Step 1: Network Assessment

The first step when it comes to identifying network problems, with your Network Monitoring tool in hand, is performing a network assessment to collect some key information about your network. Obkio's Network Monitoring tool , which we helped you deploy earlier in this blog post, plays a vital role in this process.

By conducting a thorough network assessment, you can gain valuable insights into your network's health, performance, and potential bottlenecks. This information serves as a solid foundation for efficient troubleshooting and enables you to pinpoint the root causes of network issues more effectively. Now, let's delve into the general troubleshooting steps to address common network problems and make the most out of your network monitoring capabilities

• What actions to take: After you’ve collected all the information you need to identify the network issue, can then start network troubleshooting . That could include reaching out to your ISP or MSP, or bringing the problem to your network administrator to fix it internally.

For all the details about identifying network issues, check out our article on how to identify network issues!

Troubleshooting common network problems involves identifying the "what" issue is occurring, determining "where" the problem is located in the network, understanding "when" the issue is happening, identifying "who" is affected, and then taking appropriate actions to resolve the problem. Here are some steps to help troubleshoot common network problems:

Step 2: Identify the Issue (What)

To know how to solve these problems, you need to actually understand what they are. A network performance monitoring software will measure network metrics and report back if it finds any issues, with details about what the issue is, and what caused it.

• Gather information from users or monitoring tools to determine the symptoms and specific problem experienced.
• Clearly define the issue, such as slow internet speed, intermittent connectivity, or VoIP call quality problems.

Step 3: Locate the Problem (Where)

It’s important to identify where exactly in your network an issue has occurred. Using Monitoring Agents , Obkio allows you to deploy Agents in key network locations for end-to-end visibility over your network to provide you with details about where problems have occurred. This end-to-end network monitoring approach gives you visiblity of every end of your network, from your LAN to your WAN .

• Determine which part of the network is affected, such as a specific network segment, device, or service.
• Use network monitoring tools and analysis to identify potential network bottlenecks , high utilization areas, or devices showing errors.

Step 4: Determine the Timeframe (When)

Identifying the specific timeframe in which a network problem occurs is essential for effective troubleshooting. Pinpointing when the issue started and its recurrence patterns using historical data from Obkio's NPM tool can help correlate the problem with network changes or events, streamlining the resolution process.

• Find out when the problem started occurring to correlate with any changes in the network or configurations.
• Analyze network logs and timestamps to pinpoint when the issue typically happens, if it's intermittent.

Step 5. Identify Affected Users (Who)

Understanding which users or devices are experiencing network issues is crucial in troubleshooting. By pinpointing the affected users, network administrators can focus their efforts, assess the scope of the problem, and provide targeted support, ensuring a prompt resolution and improved user experience."

• Determine which users or devices are experiencing the problem to understand the scope of the issue.
• If the problem is widespread, identify common factors among affected users.

Step 6. Who is Responsible For the Network Segment

Once you know where a network problem is located, and what exactly it is, you can then easily decide who in your business is responsible for that network segment.

• Identifying the responsible party helps streamline communication and coordination, ensuring a more effective and targeted approach to resolving the issue.
• By involving the right stakeholders, you can facilitate a faster resolution and prevent delays in troubleshooting efforts.

Step 7. Take Initial Actions (What Actions to Take)

When network issues arise, it's essential to swiftly address the problem with initial actions. This step focuses on quick checks and basic troubleshooting to resolve common issues that might be causing the network problem. By taking these immediate actions, you can potentially resolve the problem right away or narrow down the root cause, setting the stage for further targeted troubleshooting.

• Perform basic checks, such as verifying cable connections, power cycling affected devices, or checking for software updates.
• Review network configuration changes or recent updates that might have contributed to the problem.

Step 8. Isolate the Issue

To efficiently troubleshoot network problems, isolating the issue is crucial. This step involves narrowing down the problematic area or component in the network. By systematically eliminating potential causes, you can pinpoint the specific source of the problem, leading to a more precise and effective resolution.

• Monitor network devices, like switches or routers, using Obkio's Network Device Monitoring feature, to identify if they are causing the problem or experiencing resource issues.
• Divide the network into segments and test each segment independently to narrow down the location of the problem.
• Use Visual Traceroutes to determine if the problem is in your local network or ISP network.

Step 9. Implement Solutions

After identifying the root cause of the network problem, it's time to implement targeted solutions. This step focuses on making necessary adjustments, configurations, or replacements to address the issue directly. By applying the appropriate solutions, you can effectively restore network functionality and prevent the problem from recurring

• Based on the gathered information, apply appropriate solutions, such as adjusting configurations, updating firmware, or replacing faulty hardware.
• If the network problem is beyond your organization's control and is related to the Internet Service Provider (ISP) or Managed Service Provider (MSP) infrastructure, promptly reach out to them for assistance.
• Collaborating with your ISP or MSP can expedite the resolution process for issues that lie outside your network's scope.
• Document the changes made during troubleshooting for future reference.

Step 10. Test, Verify & Continuously Monitor Network Performance

Culminating the troubleshooting process, this section outlines the essential steps to verify the effectiveness of the implemented solutions and ensure a stable network environment. From thorough network testing to continuous monitoring, these practices ensure that network issues are promptly resolved and potential future problems are proactively addressed.

• After implementing solutions, thoroughly test and continuously monitor network performance with your Network Monitoring tool to ensure the problem is resolved.
• Verify that the network is functioning as expected and the previously identified issues are no longer present. Monitor the network post-resolution to verify the stability and effectiveness of the applied changes.
• Continuously monitor network performance using tools like Obkio to ensure the problem does not reoccur and to detect any new issues that may arise.
• By ongoing monitoring, you can proactively address potential problems before they impact the network's stability and user experience.

Why Should Businesses Find & Fix Network Problems Anyways?

In this section, we'll delve into why finding and troubleshooting network problems is a critical mission for businesses. From bolstering productivity and enhancing customer experience to safeguarding data and gaining a competitive edge, we'll explore the myriad reasons why proactive network monitoring is an indispensable investment.

• Maintaining Productivity : A smooth and reliable network is the backbone of business productivity. When network problems occur, they disrupt communication, data access, and collaborative efforts, leading to downtime and decreased efficiency. By identifying and resolving these issues promptly, businesses can minimize disruptions and keep productivity levels at their peak.
• Enhancing Customer Experience : In a digitally interconnected world, customer satisfaction hinges on swift and seamless interactions. Network problems can affect customer-facing services, leading to slow response times, website downtime, and impaired online transactions. By proactively addressing network issues, businesses can provide a positive customer experience, which can bolster loyalty and brand reputation.
• Cost Savings : Network problems can be costly in terms of both time and resources. Extended downtime can result in revenue losses, missed opportunities, and increased operational expenses as IT teams rush to troubleshoot and fix issues. By resolving problems swiftly, businesses can mitigate these financial impacts and avoid potential long-term consequences.
• Security and Data Protection : Network problems, especially those related to security breaches, can expose sensitive data and compromise the overall integrity of the business. Troubleshooting network vulnerabilities and promptly addressing security threats is essential for safeguarding valuable information and maintaining regulatory compliance.
• IT Team Efficiency : Persistent network issues can place an immense burden on IT teams, overwhelming them with repetitive troubleshooting tasks. By proactively identifying and resolving problems, IT teams can focus on strategic initiatives and improvements, ultimately making the best use of their expertise and time.
• Business Continuity : In today's digital-dependent landscape, uninterrupted business operations are crucial for survival and growth. Network problems, if left unchecked, can lead to extended outages and interruptions, threatening business continuity. By troubleshooting and resolving issues, businesses can ensure a more robust and resilient infrastructure.
• Competitive Advantage : In a competitive market, businesses must deliver a seamless user experience to stand out from their rivals. A well-maintained and efficient network allows companies to differentiate themselves by providing reliable services and smooth interactions, ultimately gaining a competitive edge.
• Employee Satisfaction : A functional network translates to a smoother work experience for employees. When network problems are addressed promptly, employees can focus on their tasks without the frustration and stress caused by technology-related hurdles.

In conclusion, finding and troubleshooting network problems is crucial for businesses to maintain productivity, enhance customer experience, save costs, protect data, streamline IT operations, ensure business continuity, gain a competitive advantage, and foster employee satisfaction. It's an essential investment in the overall success and growth of any modern business.

In Conclusion

There are a variety of network problems that could take over your network at any given moment. With the growing complexity and size of modern network infrastructures, network problems can be more frustrating than ever.

Businesses can’t afford to waste time and money dealing with network problems that effect:

• Productivity
• IT resources

Knowing about some of the most common network problems helps you prepare for what your network may encounter in the future.

Network performance monitoring using a network performance monitor tool is your key to identifying network problems, because it pinpoints intermittent network slowness issues that are difficult to troubleshoot otherwise! A distributed network monitoring solution like Obkio's offers visibility that traditional systems are unable to offer.

Obkio is a simple Network Performance Monitoring SaaS solution for IT pros to help you continuously monitor the health of their network and core business applications to improve the end-user experience!

Put It to the Test: Trying Is the Ultimate Way to Learn!

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Did you know?

Troubleshoot Network Connectivity

Your network could be a blessing that makes life easier and it also becomes a nightmare that turns into hell. And this hell could turn into a headache on a global scale.

There was, for example, the Turkish ISP incident in 2004 where they managed to pull the whole internet and made it past their routers. The ISP (TT) misconfigured its routers which then went online, to announce to the rest of the internet that everything should be routed through them.

Since routers sync with one another and propagate this kind of information, the configuration errors spread and resulted in tens of thousands of networks on the internet sending traffic to the wrong destinations.

This was a great example of how some network connectivity issues – and their resolutions – could have a ripple effect that goes far beyond the networks’ boundaries.

The most common network connectivity issues

Before we start talking about troubleshooting network connectivity issues, let’s have a look at how we can group them into four major groups and come up with a common solution for each of them.

These four major groups of issues that can be encountered in a network are:

• Network connectivity issues
• Bandwidth issues
• Connectivity device configuration issues
• IP and addressing issues

It is with these groups in mind that we will be talking about how to tackle issues and resolve them.

Troubleshooting the issue – the basics

Network connectivity issues can be reported by users or alerts from monitoring tools.

The basic steps that apply to all the issue types mentioned above can be grouped into:

Collect information

Before you can even say you have a network connectivity issue, you need to collect information proving this is indeed true.

Start with complaints from users – both within and beyond the network – and, in the case of alerts from monitoring tools, go ahead and collect analytical data from reports, logs, and audit trails.

You can observe application, operating system, and server response times and compare the collected data to see if there are any changes over time.

Identify the symptoms

Use the analysis to get an idea of the type of problem you are facing, which assets it has affected, and even if you have encountered it in the past. You might even be able to make out who is behind the chaos.

Determine the scope of the issue

If you have good monitoring tools, you will also need to look at the extent – or reach – of the fallout. This could remain contained locally in one subnet or, like the Turkish incident above, could end up having an effect that is felt on a global scale.

Check for changes in the network

This is the first step in taking action towards resolving issues – start tracking any changes that were made on any digital asset. It doesn’t matter if it is a software, operating system, hardware, or connectivity device – it needs to all be audited and checked for any errors.

Questions to be asked here include:

• Were there any upgrades? Were there any updates?
• Were there any new devices added to the network?
• Were any devices configured or reconfigured?
• Were there any new users added? Was anyone given a new role? Were new users added?

Establish the most likely cause of the problem

Once a general idea of what could have been the cause is formed, it is time to start drilling down deeper and try to pinpoint the most likely one among them to have been the actual culprit.

Deploy a solution and test it

With a narrower target, administrators can now start trying different methods to find the most effective fix for the network issue.

Document the problem and solution

Congratulations! Now, it is time to record the issue and its solution. This will serve as a reference and knowledge base for anyone who might need to quickly resolve the same problem in the future.

A few commands that will help with troubleshooting

Here are the three most-used commands used when troubleshooting a network:

A longer list of other commonly used commands and tools can be found here .

How to troubleshoot your network connectivity issues like a pro

Now, let us move on to the actual troubleshooting steps needed to figure out any issues that may occur on your network or the devices on it.

To make it easier, we will break the process into each one of the four scenarios we’ve mentioned above:

1. Troubleshooting network connectivity

Typical symptoms of an issue with network connectivity are:

• Error messages indicating “device not found” or that the connection has timed out.
• Applications slowing down, video and audio communication becoming laggy or even impossible to make.
• Domain syncing or authorization jobs take longer than usual – or fail completely – due to timeouts.
• Inability to communicate with devices located in the cloud (or over the internet), on the same network, and even in the same subnet.

The troubleshooting steps to take to resolve such network connectivity issues include:

• Checking hardware Check all your devices to make sure everything is connected properly, has been switched on, and is working well. Make sure all switches are in the correct positions. Power cycling the device is a good idea. The adage “ Have you tried turning it on and off again?” applies here.

• Test connectivity Ping a remote device to test connectivity.
• Find out your IP address You can find IP details about your device to check for any misconfigurations.
• Reset your IP address You can use the tool to refresh your IP address and get a new one to check for a DHCP error.
• Running tracert This is another basic tool that allows for testing the connectivity of devices, the route data packets take, the distance that is traveled (in seconds), and how healthy the connection is.
• Running nslookup This network administration command-line tool is used to test the DNS to determine whether there’s a problem with a target server. Check out our article nslookup: How to Check DNS Records – Step-by-Step Walkthrough on how to use this tool to get the best out of your testing.

• Perform audit trails and log checks Administrators make it a point to keep an eye on their network’s usage and access history. Logs and audits are always good sources of information about what went wrong and give a clue about what can be done.
• Kill unnecessary applications Some applications can interfere with your network connection. Software solutions like proxies , antiviruses, and anti-malware tend to block packets. Firewalls select traffic that passes through the network and misconfigurations could lead to unintentional disruption of traffic (or even bring to a complete halt).
• Divide and conquer Troubleshooting the network without these applications – the proxies, antiviruses, and anti-malware, i.e. – should be done with care, though. Letting down all defenses isn’t an easy network administration decision to make. All access to the outside world (internet) should first be cut. Also, partial testing should be done to check each subnet for issues – and not the whole network – if possible.

Remedies to take include :

• Rebooting of all affected hardware.
• Reconfiguring settings – or correcting wrong ones.
• In case of continued failure, starting from scratch – building from the ground up by installing all firmware and software, configuring them, and finally monitoring and testing performance.
• Testing connectivity one step at a time – like pinging and tracing devices one hop at a time.
• Blocking of ports and denying access to unauthorized users, applications, and devices – removing unnecessary privileges, roles, and accounts.

2. Troubleshooting bandwidth issues

Typical symptoms of bandwidth issues are:

• Websites take forever to complete loading, return timeout errors, or don’t load at all.
• Apps don’t sync with servers and could even fail after timeouts.
• Client-server corporate solutions fail to update or retrieve data slowly.
• Communications between connected devices, and downloading or uploading normal file sizes, take ages – if it happens at all.

Loss of bandwidth can cause a whole network to come to a slowdown. Therefore, finding and eliminating bottlenecks should also be a part of troubleshooting network connectivity.

• Look for the signs You don’t even need a tool to find issues with your bandwidth. Are your applications too slow? Are your videos suddenly taking longer to buffer? Do you get “connection timed out” error messages from your connectivity devices?
• Slow delivery Another indication would be the slow delivery of packets. These could be emails taking too long to reach recipients or tracert (traceroute) showing long hop times.
• Use monitoring tools If you need a graphical presentation of the bandwidth usage on your network, you can choose one of the tools listed in our post 5 Best Free Bandwidth Monitoring Tools for 2022- Network Traffic Usage .
• Kill or stop bandwidth-hogging applications.
• Schedule resource-intensive jobs – like cloud backups – for after-hours or beyond peak times.
• Implement a Quality of Service ( QoS ) to improve optimal delivery.
• Implement a policy restricting file sizes that can be sent across the network – and implement packet blockers.

Although you can simply pay for more bandwidth, this will be addressing the symptoms and not the root causes.

3. Troubleshooting connectivity device configuration issues

Troubleshooting connectivity devices configuration issues can be divided into two major parts:

Configuration issues with connected devices

Examples of such devices include browsers, applications, laptops, mobile devices, and servers.

Typical symptoms of issues with such connected devices are:

• These devices have trouble connecting – or don’t connect at all – even when the network is working perfectly.
• Someone else on the network, with the same type of connected devices, has no issues while you do.
• The connection issues were first noticed after configuration changes or updates were done on the devices.
• Network configuration – IP address, domain, authentication, privileges – change brings connectivity down.

Every device that is connected to a network needs the correct configuration before it can go online. This, as can be imagined, is a complicated undertaking and a broad topic.

Every device has its required configuration settings for it to connect to the internet correctly. In case of issues with such configurations, the only advice we can give you here is that you will need to get the support for the software or hardware from the products’ makers and proceed accordingly.

After all, browsers, computers, servers, and mobile devices come under this category and all have unique configurations.

Some basic troubleshooting steps that can be taken include:

• Checking browser configuration, clearing the cache, reinstalling the browser, and trying switching to other browsers.
• Devices like laptops and PCs can try to telnet into the nearest router – a successful connection implies there are no hardware issues.

• Rebooting the computer, server, or mobile device – updating all software, uninstalling recently installed applications, updates or upgrades.
• You can also check for hardware conflicts .

A good administrator always has a backup of everything under their control and in case of a failure, they can revert to an older version – back to a restore point, that is.

• Check network connection settings – IP address, subnet masks, DNS addresses, and proxy server settings are good places to start looking into.
• Try copying configurations from other devices that are working well – or you can replicate configurations from devices on other subnets.
• Run antivirus and anti-malware to see if the errors are being caused by viruses or malicious code.
• Revert to previous versions or return to restore points when everything was last working fine.
• If all else fails, perhaps formatting and reinstallation can revert the device to a “ Factory Reset ” status and start building it all up again.

Configuration issues with connectivity devices

Examples of such tools include hubs, routers, switches, gateways, and firewalls.

Typical symptoms of issues with such connectivity devices are:

• The devices have trouble maintaining network connections – or don’t connect them at all – even when the rest of the network is working perfectly.
• The other, similar, connectivity devices have no issues – just one or a few of them.
• The issues were noticed when configuration changes or updates were done on the devices – they stopped working or there was a noticeable latency on the network.
• There were changes made in network configuration – IP address, domain, authentication, privileges – which brought the connectivity down.

Every connectivity device in a work has a specific task to perform. Depending on the location, a failed connectivity device can cause a network to lose packets or even drop connections completely.

The drivers for connection hardware like Wi-Fi adapters, NICs, and serial ports can affect connectivity if the latest versions haven’t been installed. On the other hand, a driver update could bring a previously well-working device down. Administrators should make sure there are no conflicts by testing them before bringing them online.

Some basic troubleshooting steps that can be taken:

• Reboot the router, switch, or modem – these devices normally clear their caches and refresh their configurations which, in turn, could get rid of basic issues.
• Firmware updates can fix issues; therefore, administrators can simply run updates on their devices and see if it fixes the problem.
• Worst case scenario is that they might need to factory-reset the device and restart the configuration from the ground up.
• Study the network architecture to see if there are any gaps, misconfigurations, or collisions – tracert and ping are your friends here.
• Make sure all paths connect from client to destination path – all hops should be completed in a reasonably short time.
• If upgrades or updates have been performed prior to the issues’ arising, it would make sense to revert to the previous statuses.
• Connectivity devices, just like any hardware, have maximum shelf life limits following which their performances deteriorate – perhaps, it is time to have legacy devices replaced.

4. Troubleshooting IP and addressing issues

Typical symptoms of IP and addressing issues are:

• You get an error message about your IP address including one warning you about “… IP address conflict” or, in case of hosted sites, “This site can’t be reached… server IP address could not be found.”

• Specific devices can’t access local shared assets like folders, servers, portals, and printers – even though everyone else does.
• Inability to sign into the domain – even with the right credentials being submitted.
• Your TCP command-line tools – like PING and TRACERT – return errors.

Now, although we have seen how CLI connectivity testing tools like IPCONFIG and tracert can uncover a lot of information about a network it is still a manual task. Also, when we talk about IP and connectivity issues we are talking about the misconfiguration of IP addresses for client devices, as well as connectivity devices – which is a lot of devices when considering the average network size.

All this means that administrators looking to troubleshoot IP and connectivity issues will need to automate pinging and tracing tasks.

Examples that could lead to issues include:

• Assigning the wrong IP address to a device or plugging it into the wrong subnet.
• Collision of IP addresses in the same subnet or on the network.
• The DHCP server is not assigning IP addresses or has run out of them.
• Wrong subnet mask being assigned thus curbing the IP range of a device.
• Using the wrong DNS configuration or assigning the wrong gateway and making it impossible for the device to connect beyond its subnet.
• Misspelling of device or domain names.

Next, there is the issue with accounts, roles, and privileges. Network and system administrators need to keep track of every account that is permitted to access digital assets.

Apart from the users, the assets themselves need to have permission to be on the network. It isn’t uncommon for administrators to block communication between devices or networks. The Marketing group of users might not be allowed to access assets on the IT subnet. Therefore, troubleshooting such issues needs to start with checking permissions as it avoids having to unnecessarily tamper with devices’ configurations.

Let us not forget that there are networks that intentionally block ping and tracert packets to remain hidden. This means that just because you can’t use these tools doesn’t mean there is any connectivity issue.

• Administrators need to keep track of every single IP address assignment of every single device on their network – some tools can help with automating this, and we will soon have a look at a few.
• Antiviruses and anti-malware can be run to make sure there is nothing malicious running on the network (or the devices on it).
• Make sure all involved hardware devices ( cables , RJ45 jack , NIC , routers , etc.) are working and that there are no collisions or driver issues.
• Reset all IP address assignments – renew your IP addresses, flush DNS, and even test connectivity with manually assigned, static IP addresses.

Ultimately, if everything seems fine on your network, but the issue remains unresolved, you may need to contact your ISP to find out if there are any issues on their side, and inform them that everything on your side of the network is working fine and that it is just not connecting with any device beyond your perimeter.

Best defense – monitor your network

You can avoid issues on your network before they even occur. Administrators need to leverage network monitoring and management tools to help them keep an eye on the performance of their network – and resolve issues before they occur using their forecasting features.

Using such tools, they can stay on top of their network’s security and integrity by watching for any changes occurring in real-time. They can also set up alerts to help with sending notifications whenever suspicious activities are spotted. With machine learning and AI playing a major role in network monitoring technology, there is a high chance that they will keep their networks protected at all times.

The best network monitoring tools can be used round the clock and on any network configuration – be it LAN, cloud, or hybrid. It would be wise to take advantage of them.

Three of the Leading Network Monitoring Tools

Here is our list of the leading Network Monitoring Tools:

• Paessler PRTG Network Monitor EDITOR’S CHOICE This on-premises package provides monitoring services for networks, servers, and applications and includes Ping utilities to check on device availability and connectivity. Available for Windows Server or as a SaaS package.
• Nagios XI A package for network, server, and application monitoring that gives access to a large library of free plug-ins and provides connectivity tests with Ping. Runs on Linux or a virtualization.
• Progress WhatsUp Gold A network monitoring system that is based on SNMP for device detection and status checks and also provides connectivity tests with Ping. Runs on Windows Server.

Since we agree that it makes sense to use a network monitoring tool to automate the task we thought you would also like to know what options you had by way of such tools.

Our methodology for selecting network connectivity troubleshooters

We reviewed the market for connectivity testers and troubleshooters and assessed the options based on the following criteria:

• A network monitoring package that identifies all devices
• An automated asset inventory creation process
• Network topology mapping
• A continuous Ping that can be set to raise an alert if connectivity is lost
• A manual Ping option for troubleshooting
• A free trial or a demo service for a no-obligation assessment opportunity
• Value for money from a network monitoring tool that includes automatic alerts for lost connectivity

Let us, therefore, have a look at three of the best network monitoring tools:

1. Paessler PRTG Network Monitor

PRTG Network Monitor is an SNMP-based network monitoring tool that can be expanded by buying add-ons to monitor other infrastructure.

Key Features:

• Device autodiscovery
• Network mapping
• Ping connectivity tests
• SNMP device statuses
• Free version

Why do we recommend it?

Paessler PRTG automatically detects network devices, creates a network inventory, and generates a network topology map. These system documents really help with troubleshooting and the package also includes connection testing tools, such as Ping, and assessment reports, such as a protocol analyzer. The system can test internet connections as well as LANs.

It can be installed on Windows Server that can be used to monitor applications, systems, devices, and traffic on an IT infrastructure.

It is a network monitoring software that uses SNMP, packet sniffing, and Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) to monitor networks.

This tool has fully customizable dashboards that can help administrators of networks of any size – large or small. It is scalable, powerful, and user-friendly.

Finally, PRTG is extensible to cover the entire network’s digital assets as the company also makes other solutions to cater to them – just have a look at their full catalog.

Who is it recommended for?

This package is suitable for all types and sizes of businesses. The software bundle is customizable because the buyer pays for an allowance of monitors, which are called “sensors,” and then decides which of the services in the package to turn on. The system is available as a SaaS platform or a software download for Windows Server.

• Uses a combination of packet sniffing, WMI, and SNMP to report network performance as well as discover new devices
• Autodiscovery reflects the latest inventory changes almost instantaneously
• Drag and drop editor makes it easy to build custom views and reports
• Supports a wide range of alert mediums such as SMS, email, and third-party integration
• Supports a freeware version
• Is a very comprehensive platform with many features and moving parts that require time to learn

Try PRTG Network Monitor – Free for 30 days.

EDITOR'S CHOICE

Paessler PRTG is our top pick for a network connectivity tester because the high-end monitoring system is free if you only activate 100 sensors. The package includes a large library of monitors and there are one-way and remote response Ping tests in the package. The bundle will automatically discover your local network and all of the devices connected to it. It will also generate an asset inventory and a network topology map. Use the basic free version to keep an eye on device availability or pay for more sensors and get a full stack monitoring package.

OS: Cloud or Windows Server

2. Nagios XI

Nagios XI is a network monitoring tool that offers flexibility and extensibility. It is gentle on the network as it uses an agentless model to cover a large number of assets.

• Monitors networks, servers, and software
• Autodiscovery
• Connectivity tests with Ping

Nagios XI and its free counterpart Nagios Core include a Ping utility that can tell you about device availability and other issues, such as packet loss. The Nagios system also implements an automated network discovery cycle that repeats continuously, creating and updating an asset inventory. Ping plays a part in that process, too.

This tool runs on Linux and is based on their proprietary and free Nagios Core engine which comes with thousands of free plugins.

It is an enterprise server and network monitoring software that helps administrators monitor their applications, services, and network as a whole – from one central solution.

Nagios comes with a large community of users and plugins that are easy to develop which means this tool will continue to get better.

This system has a wide audience because it is available in a free edition for small and cash-strapped businesses and a more sophisticated version for big businesses. The system is very flexible because users and system suppliers provide free plug-ins that extend the monitor’s capabilities.

• Simple, yet informative interface
• Flexible alerting options support SMS and email
• A wide range of community-designed plugins are available for free
• The open-source version lacks the support found in paid products

Try Nagios XI for FREE .

3. Progress WhatsUp Gold

Progress WhatsUp Gold is a network performance monitor that utilizes SNMP to check the health of network devices.

• Network performance monitor
• Device detection
• Automatic network mapping

Progress WhatsUp Gold is a network device monitor that includes network discovery and automatic inventory creation. The interface for the tool shows each of the endpoints and network devices and the details screen for each as a Test button to run a connectivity check to that device.

It is a tool for monitoring the availability and performance of networks, systems, applications – regardless of the architecture which could be LAN, cloud, and hybrid. It also covers wireless networks and internet connections bridging remote sites or cloud resources.

It has an auto-discovery module that populates the assets inventory at startup and then continues to poll for changes that may have occurred in the resources connected by the network. In case of changes, the tool automatically updates the network inventory by adding, moving, or deleting their profiles accordingly.

This inventory is then used to create a map showing the latest network topology that adapts automatically in real-time as the assets change.

This monitoring package is marketed to mid-sized businesses. It is an on-premises package that has a core unit and optional extensions. The core system includes a connectivity test and also has a Ping utility. You can get deeper traffic monitoring services through the Network Traffic Analysis add-on.

• Great interface
• Supports a wide range of flow-enabled devices
• Can support both virtual and physical hardware
• Balances user experience with monitoring features quite well
• Free version can only monitor up to five resources

Try Progress WhatsUp Gold for FREE .

Troubleshoot your network connectivity like a professional

We hope this article has helped you tackle the task of troubleshooting any network connectivity issues that may occur. As you may have realized, this is a huge undertaking that requires patience and technical know-how.

But, we think that the best way to troubleshoot network connectivity is with the help of the monitoring tools that we have seen. We recommend you make use of them to prevent the issues from occurring in the first place.

We would like to hear from you. Leave us a comment below.

Network connectivity FAQs

What are the 3 important parts of network connectivity.

Network connectivity has three points of failure: the endpoint network interface, network devices, or internet connections. Narrowing down the location of connectivity issues should be your first task when troubleshooting connectivity problems. Use Ping to check on connections to different devices, starting with a Ping to a device on the network and then Ping to a remote location. The results of these tests will help you identify the root cause of the connectivity problem.

Where is network connectivity?

The heart of network connectivity on any device lies with its network card. You need to ensure that the computer is physically connected to the network with a cable or can contact a wireless access point (AP) with WiFi.

What are network connectivity problems?

The connectivity problems that you experience will have different causes depending on the type of network that you have. With wireless networks, connectivity issues are usually down to a weak signal in the area where the poorly performing computer is located. With wired networks, the problem will be wither with the addresses allocation procedure,m with network device capacity, or with the computers network interface.

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How to Fix Common Computer Network Issues

Last Updated: December 30, 2022 References

This article was written by Luigi Oppido and by wikiHow staff writer, Travis Boylls . Luigi Oppido is the Owner and Operator of Pleasure Point Computers in Santa Cruz, California. Luigi has over 25 years of experience in general computer repair, data recovery, virus removal, and upgrades. He is also the host of the Computer Man Show! broadcasted on KSQD covering central California for over two years. This article has been viewed 338,758 times.

Computer networks equip computers and other electronic devices to exchange data. These networks allow you to connect to the internet, send emails, print wirelessly, and share files. If you are experiencing problems connecting to a computer network, you can try to fix, bypass, or troubleshoot common issues yourself before consulting a tech expert. This wikiHow teaches you how to diagnose basic network issues.

General Troubleshooting

• Windows: In the task bar in the lower-left corner.
• Mac . In the menu bar in the upper-right corner.
• Smartphones and Tablets: In the upper-right corner of the screen.

• The lights on your router may be different from one router make and model to the next. If you are confused as to what the lights mean, check your user's manual or manufacturer's web page for more information.

• If the range or your wireless internet is a problem, you can expand your network using a second wireless router or you can purchase a wireless mesh system to expand the range of your wireless network.

• One last simple fix can be reverting your router back to factory settings.

• Click the Windows Start menu.
• Click the Settings menu/Gear icon.
• Click Network and Internet .
• Click Change adapter options .
• Click your internet connection.
• Click Diagnose this connection .

• Click Network and Internet
• Right-click on the connection and then select Properties .
• Locate the Networking tab and click Configure .
• Click the Power Management tab.
• Uncheck the box next to “Allow the computer to turn off this device to save power.”

• Type "Device Manager" and click the Device Manager icon.
• Double-click Network Adapters .
• Right-click a network adapter.
• Click Update Driver .
• Click Search automatically for updated driver software .

• Click the Windows Start icon
• Type “cmd” into the search box.
• Right-click on the Command Prompt icon and click Run as Administrator .
• Type the following into the text box: "netsh interface TCP set global autotuninglevel=disabled".
• Hit the Enter key.
• Restart your computer. [2] X Research source

• Click the Windows Start icon.
• Click Network and Sharing Center .
• Click Change Advanced Sharing settings:
• Click Turn on Network Discovery .
• Click Turn on file and printer sharing .
• Click Save changes .

• Scroll down and click All Networks .
• Click Turn off password protected sharing .

• Click Windows Start"
• Right-click on the Command Prompt icon and select Run as Administrator .
• Type “ipconfig/flushdns” in the command prompt.
• Press Enter .

• Click on the WiFi icon in the top left corner of your screen.
• Click on Open Network Preferences .
• Click Advanced .
• Check the box next to “Remember networks this computer has joined."

• Click on the Apple icon in the upper-left corner.
• Click System Preferences .
• Click on the Network icon that resembles a globe.
• Scroll through your list of Networks until you find your 5 GHz network.
• Click on this network and drag it to the top of the list.

• Click Advanced . def
• Select your network from the list and then open the “DNS” tab.
• Click on the “+” icon under the “DNS Servers” column.
• OpenDNS: 208.67.222.222 or 208.67.220.220.
• Google DNS: 8.8.8.8 or 8.8.4.4.
• Click Apply .

• Click the Apple icon .
• Click System Preferences
• Click Sharing
• Check Media Sharing .
• Enter your Apple ID password.
• Launch iTunes .
• Enter your Apple ID and password.
• Click Home Sharing .
• Turn on Home Sharing .

Community Q&A

• Always start troubleshooting with simple things. Almost 50% of connection issues are due to loose cable or router needing a hard boot or few setting changes Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• Always make sure your router is on and connected properly. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• Always call your ISP before going to any advanced stuff, if you forgot to pay the bill or your ISP has some connection issues, you won't be able to fix the issue in ways mentioned in this guide. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

• The solutions presented in this article will not work for all issues, and when in doubt do not be afraid to ask. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

You Might Also Like

• ↑ http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-vista/troubleshoot-network-connection-problems
• ↑ http://www.speedguide.net/faq/how-to-disable-windows-vista-tcpip-auto-tuning-247
• ↑ https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201735
• ↑ http://www.macworld.com/article/2824564/slow-internet-edit-your-dns-settings.html
• ↑ https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT202190

About This Article

1. Make sure Wi-Fi is turned on on your devices. 2. Make sure you have a strong Wi-Fi connection. 3. Check multiple websites and apps to make sure none of them are connecting. 4. Make sure the Internet light on your modem or router is glowing solid white or green. 5. Make sure your internet cable is firmly attached to your modem or router. 6. Restart your modem and/or router by unplugging them and then plugging them back in. 7. Restart all your internet-connected devices. 8. Use a wired connection. 9. Try again later. 10. Contact your internet service provider. Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Fix Wi-Fi connection issues in Windows

Troubleshooting network problems in windows.

If you can’t get email, browse the web, or stream music, chances are you’re not connected to your network and can’t get onto the internet. To fix the problem, here are some things you can try.

Things to try first

Try these things first to help you fix or narrow down the connection problem.

Run Get Help to troubleshoot and fix common connection problems. Right click the network icon in the right side of the taskbar and select Diagnose network problems or open  Get Help for Network & Internet

Make sure Wi‑Fi is turned on. Select the No internet icon  on the right side of the taskbar, and make sure Wi-Fi is turned on. If it isn't, select it to turn it on. Also, make sure  Airplane mode  is turned off.

Select Manage Wi-Fi connections ( > ) on the Wi-Fi quick setting, see if a Wi-Fi network you recognize and trust appears in the list of networks. If it does, select the Wi-Fi network, and they try to connect to it. If it says  Connected  underneath the network name, select  Disconnect , wait a moment, and then select  Connect  again.

Try connecting to a network on a different frequency band. Many consumer Wi-Fi routers broadcast at two different network frequency bands: 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. These will appear as separate networks in the list of available Wi-Fi networks. If your list of available Wi-Fi networks includes both a 2.4 GHz network and a 5 GHz network, try connecting to the other network. To learn more about the differences between 2.4 GHz networks and 5 GHz networks, check out  Wi-Fi problems and your home layout .

Make sure the physical Wi‑Fi switch on your laptop is turned on. (An indicator light usually shows when it's on.)

Restart your modem and wireless router. This helps create a new connection to your internet service provider (ISP). When you do this, everyone that is connected to your Wi-Fi network will be temporarily disconnected. The steps you take to restart your modem and router can vary, but here are the general steps.

Note:  If you have a cable modem/Wi-Fi router combo device, you only need to follow the steps for the single device.

Unplug the power cable for the router from the power source.

Unplug the power cable for the modem from the power source.   Some modems have a backup battery. If you unplug the modem and lights stay on, remove the battery from the modem.

Wait at least 30 seconds or so. If you had to remove the battery from the modem, put it back in.

Plug the modem back into the power source. The lights on the modem will blink. Wait for them to stop blinking.

Plug your router back into the power source. Wait a few minutes for the modem and router to fully power on. You can usually tell when they’re ready by looking at the status lights on the two devices.

On your PC, try to connect again.

Narrow down the source of the problem

Connection problems can be due to a variety of reasons—problems with the website, your device, the Wi-Fi router, modem, or your Internet Service Provider (ISP). Try the following steps to help narrow down the source of the problem.

If the "Wi-Fi connected" icon  appears on the right side of the taskbar, visit a different website. If the website opens, there might be a problem with the specific website. If you can't connect to another website, go to the next step.

On another laptop or phone, try to connect to the same network. If you can connect, the source of the problem is likely due to your device—go to the section  Network troubleshooting on your device . If you can't connect to the network on any device, continue to the next step.

Check to see if there is a problem with the connection to your Wi-Fi router. Do this by using a ping test.

Select Search on the taskbar, and type  command prompt . The  Command Prompt  button will appear. To the right of it, select  Run as administrator  >  Yes .

At the command prompt, type  ipconfig , and then select  Enter . Look for the name of your Wi-Fi network within the results, and then find the IP address listed next to  Default gateway  for that Wi-Fi network.  Write down that address if you need to.  For example:  192.168.1.1

At the prompt, type  ping <DefaultGateway>  and then select  Enter .   For example, type  ping 192.168.1.1  and select  Enter .   The results should be something like this:

Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=64

Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:  Minimum = 4ms, Maximum = 5ms, Average = 4ms

If you see results like this and are getting a reply, then you have a connection to your Wi-Fi router, so there might be a problem with your modem or ISP. Contact your ISP or check online on another device (if you can) to see if there's a service outage.

If the results of the ping test indicate that you are not getting a reply from the router, try connecting your PC directly to your modem by using an Ethernet cable (if you can). If you can connect to the internet using an Ethernet cable, it confirms the connection problem is due to the Wi-Fi router. Make sure you've installed the latest firmware and see the documentation for your router.

Network troubleshooting on your device

Run network commands

Try running these network commands to manually reset the TCP/IP stack, release and renew the IP address, and flush and reset the DNS client resolver cache:

At the command prompt, run the following commands in the listed order, and then check to see if that fixes your connection problem:

Type  netsh winsock reset  and select   Enter .

Type  netsh int ip reset  and select  Enter .

Type  ipconfig /release  and select  Enter .

Type  ipconfig /renew  and select  Enter .

Type  ipconfig /flushdns  and select  Enter .

Uninstall the network adapter driver and restart

If the previous steps didn’t work, try to uninstall the network adapter driver, and then restart your computer. Windows will automatically install the latest driver. Consider this approach if your network connection stopped working properly after a recent update.

Before uninstalling, make sure you have drivers available as a backup. Visit the PC manufacturer’s website and download the latest network adapter driver from there. If your PC can't connect to the internet, you'll need to download a driver on a different PC and save it to a USB flash drive so you can install the driver on your PC. You’ll need to know the PC manufacturer and model name or number.

Select Search on the taskbar, type  device manager , and then select  Device Manager  from the list of results.

Expand  Network adapters , and locate the network adapter for your device.

Select the network adapter, press and hold (or right-click), and then select  Uninstall device  > check the  Attempt to remove the driver for this device  check box >  Uninstall .

After uninstalling the driver, select Start  >  Power  >  Restart .

After your PC restarts, Windows will automatically look for and install the network adapter driver. Check to see if that fixes your connection problem. If Windows doesn't automatically install a driver, try to install the backup driver you saved before uninstalling.

Check if your network adapter is compatible with the latest Windows Update

If you lost your network connection immediately after upgrading to or updating Windows 11, it's possible that the current driver for your network adapter was designed for a previous version of Windows. To check, try temporarily uninstalling the recent Windows Update:

Select Start  >  Settings  >   Windows Update  >  Update history  > Uninstall updates .

Select the most recent update, then select  Uninstall .

If uninstalling the most recent update restores your network connection, check to see if an updated driver is available:

Select the network adapter, press and hold (or right-click), then select  Update driver  > Search automatically for updated driver software , and then follow the instructions.

After installing the updated driver, select Start  >  Power  > Restart  if you're asked to restart, and see if that fixes the connection issue.

If Windows can’t find a new driver for your network adapter, visit the PC manufacturer’s website and download the latest network adapter driver from there. You’ll need to know the PC manufacturer and model name or number.

Do one of the following:

If you couldn’t download and install a newer network adapter driver, hide the update that’s causing you to lose your network connection. To learn how to hide updates, see  Hide Windows Updates or driver updates .

If you could successfully install updated drivers for your network adapter, then reinstall the latest updates. To do this, select Start  >  Settings  >  Windows Update > Check for updates .

Use network reset

Using network reset should be the last step you try. Consider using it if the steps above don’t help to get you connected.

This can help solve connection problems you might have after upgrading from Windows 10 to Windows 11. It can also help to fix the problem where you can connect to the internet, but can't connect to shared network drives. Network reset removes any network adapters you have installed and the settings for them. After your PC restarts, any network adapters are reinstalled, and the settings for them are set to the defaults.

Select Start  >  Settings  >  Network & internet  >  Advanced network settings > Network reset . Open Network & Internet Status settings

On the  Network reset  screen, select  Reset now  >  Yes  to confirm.

Wait for your PC to restart, and see if that fixes the problem.

After using network reset, you might need to reinstall and set up other networking software you might be using, such as VPN client software or virtual switches from Hyper‑V (if you're using that or other network virtualization software).

Network reset might set each one of your known network connections to a public network profile. In a public network profile, your PC is not discoverable to other PCs and devices on the network, which can help make your PC more secure. However, if your PC is used for file or printer sharing, you’ll need to make your PC discoverable again by setting it to use a private network profile. To do this, select Start  >  Settings  >  Network & internet  >  Wi-Fi . On the  Wi-Fi  screen, select  Manage known networks  > the network connection you want to change. Under  Network profile type , select  Private .

Additional troubleshooting steps

Check your Wi-Fi settings

Wi-Fi adapter manufacturers might have different advanced settings you can change based on your network environment or connection preferences.

Check the Wireless Mode setting for your network adapter and make sure it matches the capabilities of the network you’re trying to connect to. If it doesn’t match, you won’t be able to connect, and the network might not appear in the list of available networks. The Wireless Mode will often be set to Auto or something similar by default, which enables connection for every kind of network that’s supported.

To find the wireless mode setting

In Device Manager, select  Network adapters , and then double-click the network adapter name.

Select the  Advanced  tab and look for a  Wireless Mode  setting. Make sure it’s set to the mode your network is using.

Wi-Fi profile settings

Windows uses the Wi-Fi profile to save the settings that are needed to connect to a Wi-Fi network. These settings include the network security type, key, network name (SSID), and so on. If you can’t connect to a Wi-Fi network that you could connect to before, it’s possible that the network settings might have changed or the profile is corrupted.

To fix this, remove (or "forget") the network connection, then reconnect to the network. When you forget a network connection, it removes the Wi-Fi network profile from your PC.

To forget a network

Select Start  > Settings  >  Network & internet .

Select  Wi-Fi , then select  Manage known networks .

Select the network you want to forget, then select  Forget .

Afterwards, select the Wi-Fi icon on the taskbar and try to reconnect to the network to renew the network connection.

Check your home layout

Your Wi-Fi network might be affected by the network's frequency band, channel congestion, and/or signal strength.  For more info, see  Wi-Fi problems and your home layout .

Check for additional symptoms for the "No internet connection" icon.

There may be additional troubleshooting steps you can try, depending on which symptoms you're having. To view these steps, check out  Wi-Fi connection icons and what they mean .

Related topics

Setting up a wireless network

How to find your wireless network password

Analyze the wireless network report

Wi-Fi tools and apps

Make a Wi-Fi network public or private in Windows

Afterwards, see if a Wi-Fi network you recognize and trust appears in the list of networks. If it does, select the Wi-Fi network, and they try to connect to it. If it says Connected underneath the network name, select Disconnect , wait a moment, and then select Connect again.

Try connecting to a network on a different frequency band. Many consumer Wi-Fi routers broadcast at two different network frequency bands:  2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. These will appear as separate networks in the list of available Wi-Fi networks. If your list of available Wi-Fi networks includes both a 2.4 GHz network and a 5 GHz network, try connecting to the other network. To learn more about the differences between 2.4 GHz networks and 5 GHz networks, check out Wi-Fi problems and your home layout .

Run the Network troubleshooter. The Network troubleshooter can help diagnose and fix common connection problems.

To run the Network troubleshooter

Select the Start  button >  Settings > Network & Internet > Status . Open Network & Internet Status settings

Under Change your network settings , select Network troubleshooter .

Follow the steps in the troubleshooter, and see if that fixes the problem.

Restart your modem and wireless router. This helps create a new connection to your internet service provider (ISP).

When you do this, everyone that is connected to your Wi-Fi network will be temporarily disconnected. The steps you take to restart your modem and router can vary, but here are the general steps. ( Note : If you have a cable modem/Wi-Fi router combo device, you only need to follow the steps for the single device.)

If the "Wi-Fi connected" icon  appears on the right side of the taskbar, visit a different website. If the website opens, there might be a problem with the specific website. If you can't connect to another website, go to the next step.

On another laptop or phone, try to connect to the same network. If you can connect, the source of the problem is likely due to your device—go to the section Network troubleshooting on your device . If you can't connect to the network on any device, continue to the next step.

Check to see if there is a problem with the connection to your Wi-Fi router.  Do this by using a ping test.

In the search box on the taskbar, type command prompt . The Command Prompt button will appear. To the right of it, select Run as administrator > Yes .

At the command prompt, type ipconfig , and then select Enter . Look for the name of your Wi-Fi network within the results, and then find the IP address listed next to Default gateway for that Wi-Fi network.  Write down that address if you need to. For example:  192.168.1.1

At the prompt, type ping <DefaultGateway> and then select Enter .  For example, type ping 192.168.1.1 and select Enter .  The results should be something like this:

Type netsh winsock reset and select Enter .

Type netsh int ip reset and select Enter .

Type ipconfig /release and select Enter .

Type ipconfig /renew and select Enter .

Type ipconfig /flushdns and select Enter .

In the search box on the taskbar, type device manager , and then select Device Manager from the list of results.

Expand Network adapters , and locate the network adapter for your device.

Select the network adapter, press and hold (or right-click), and then select  Uninstall device  > check the  Attempt to remove the driver software for this device  check box >  Uninstall .

After uninstalling the driver, select the Start button > Power  > Restart .

If you lost your network connection immediately after upgrading or updating Windows 10, it's possible that the current driver for your network adapter was designed for a previous version of Windows. To check, try temporarily uninstalling the recent Windows Update:

Select the Start  button, then select Settings  > Update & Security   > Windows Update  > View update history > Uninstall updates .

Select the most recent update, then select Uninstall .

Select the network adapter, select Update driver > Search automatically for updated driver software , and then follow the instructions.

After installing the updated driver, select the Start button > Power  > Restart if you're asked to restart, and see if that fixes the connection issue.

If you couldn’t download and install a newer network adapter driver, hide the update that’s causing you to lose your network connection. To learn how to hide updates, see Hide Windows Updates or driver updates .

If you could successfully install updated drivers for your network adapter, then reinstall the latest updates. To do this, select the Start  button, then select Settings  > Update & Security > Windows Update > Check for updates .

This can help solve connection problems you might have after upgrading from a previous version of Windows to Windows 10. It can also help to fix the problem where you can connect to the internet, but can't connect to shared network drives. Network reset removes any network adapters you have installed and the settings for them. After your PC restarts, any network adapters are reinstalled, and the settings for them are set to the defaults.

Note:  To use network reset, your PC must be running Windows 10 Version 1607 or later. To see which version of Windows 10 your device is currently running, select the Start button, then select Settings > System > About .

Select the Start  button, then select Settings  > Network & Internet  > Status > Network reset . Open Network & Internet Status settings

On the Network reset screen, select Reset now > Yes to confirm.

Network reset might set each one of your known network connections to a public network profile. In a public network profile, your PC is not discoverable to other PCs and devices on the network, which can help make your PC more secure. However, if your PC is used for file or printer sharing, you’ll need to make your PC discoverable again by setting it to use a private network profile. To do this, select the Start  button, then select Settings > Network & Internet  > Wi-Fi  . On the Wi-Fi screen, select Manage known networks > the network connection you want to change > Properties . Under Network profile , select  Private .

In Device Manager, select Network adapters , and then double-click the network adapter name.

Select the Advanced tab and look for a Wireless Mode setting. Make sure it’s set to the mode your network is using.

Select the Wi-Fi network  icon on the right side of the taskbar, then select Network & Internet settings .

Select Wi-Fi , then select Manage known networks .

Select the network you want to forget, then select Forget .

Afterwards, select the Wi-Fi icon on the taskbar and try to reconnect to the desired network to renew the network connection.

Your Wi-Fi network might be affected by the network's frequency band, channel congestion, and/or signal strength.  For more info, see Wi-Fi problems and your home layout .

There may be additional troubleshooting steps you can try, depending on which symptoms you're having. To view these steps, check out Wi-Fi connection icons and what they mean .

Make a Wi-Fi network public or private in Windows 10

Check the basics on your PC

Make sure Wi-Fi is turned on.

Swipe in from the right edge of the screen, select  Settings , then select the  Network  icon.

Turn on  Wi-Fi .

Make sure your PC isn’t in airplane mode.

Turn off  Airplane mode .

Move closer to the router or access point if you can.

If you don’t see the network name at all, the router or access point might not be set to broadcast the network name. In this case, you’ll need to connect to it manually.

Swipe in from the right edge of the screen, and then select  Settings .

Select the  Network  icon, and then select  Hidden network .

Type the network name and select  Next .

Type the password and select  Next .

Follow any additional instructions to get connected.

The network will be added to your list of networks and will be available to connect to when your computer is in range of the network. To connect to the network, follow these steps:

Open  Connect to a Network  by selecting the network icon in the notification area.

Select  Unnamed Network , select  Connect , and then type the network information. The network will be added to your list of networks and will be available to connect to in the future when your computer is in range of the network..

Use the Network Troubleshooter

Let Windows try to help you fix the problem. Try running the Network troubleshooter to see if it can diagnose and fix the problem.

Select the  Start   button, start typing  Network problems , and then select  Identify and repair network problems  in the list.

Run network commands after using the Network Troubleshooter

The Network Troubleshooter (mentioned above) can help diagnose and fix common connection problems. After using that, try running the network commands below because the combination of doing these two things can help you get connected.

If your problem isn’t fixed after running the Network troubleshooter, try to:

Reset the TCP/IP stack.

Release the IP address.

Renew the IP address.

Flush and reset the DNS client resolver cache.

Here's how to run networking commands in a command prompt:

Select the Start  button, start typing cmd , right-click Command Prompt in the list, select Run as Administrator , and then select Yes .

At the command prompt, run the following commands in the listed order and then check to see if that fixes your connection problem:

Type netsh winsock reset and press Enter.

Type netsh int ip reset and press Enter.

Type ipconfig /release and press Enter.

Type ipconfig /renew and press Enter.

Type ipconfig /flushdns and press Enter.

Restart your modem and router

This helps create a new connection to your Internet service provider (ISP). When you do this, everyone that is connected to your Wi-Fi network will be temporarily disconnected.

The steps you take to restart your modem and router can vary, but here are the general steps:

Unplug the power cable for the modem from the power source. Some modems have a backup battery. So if you unplug the modem and lights stay on, remove the battery from the modem.

See if it's a problem with your modem or your ISP

Make sure it’s not a problem with your cable modem or Internet service provider (ISP). If it is, contact your ISP.

At the command prompt, type ipconfig . Look for the IP address listed next to Default gateway . Write down that address if you need to. For example, 192.168.1.1.

At the prompt, type ping <Default gateway> and press Enter . For example, type ping 192.168.1.1 and press Enter . The result should be something like this: Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=64 Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=64 Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=64 Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=64 Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 4ms, Maximum = 5ms, Average = 4ms

If the ping is successful and you see results similar to the results above, but you can’t connect to the Internet on your PC, there may be a problem with your modem or Internet service provider (ISP).

Check your network adapter

If you’re still having trouble connecting to a network, it might be related to your network adapter.

Try using the Network Adapter troubleshooter to automatically find and fix some problems. This troubleshooter will disable and re-enable the adapter, and try some other common repairs.  Select the Start  button, start typing Troubleshooting , and then select Troubleshooting in the list. Select View all  >  Network Adapter .

Update the network adapter driver. An outdated or incompatible network adapter driver can cause connection problems. Check to see if an updated driver is available.

Select the Start  button, start typing Device Manager , and then select it in the list.

In Device Manager, select  Network adapters , right-click your adapter, and then select Properties .

Select the Driver tab, and then select Update Driver .

Select Search automatically for updated driver software .

If Windows can’t find a new driver for your network adapter, visit the PC manufacturer’s website and download the latest network adapter driver from there. If your PC can't connect to the Internet, you'll need to download a driver on a different PC and save it to a USB flash drive so you can install the driver on your PC. You’ll need to know the PC manufacturer and model name or number.

Other steps to try on your router

Here are some things to check and try with your router if you’re at home and having trouble getting connected.

If you don't see the network name, sign in to your router and check to see if it’s set to broadcast the network name.

Connect your PC to your router using an Ethernet cable.

Open your web browser and type the IP address for your wireless router. (For example, 192.168.1.1 or 172.16.0.0—check the documentation for your router to find the default IP address.)

Sign in with your user name and password, then make sure an option labeled Enable SSID Broadcast , Wireless SSID broadcast , or something similar is turned on. This setting is often on a Wireless Settings page.

Check to see if your Wi-Fi network uses Media Access Control (MAC) address filtering for security. If it does, you’ll need to add the MAC address for your PC to the access list on your router before you can connect.

Select the Start   button. Start typing cmd  and right-click Command Prompt in the list. Select Run as Administrator , and then select Yes .

At the command prompt, type ipconfig /all . Write down the address that appears next to  Physical Address for your wireless network adapter. This is the address you’ll need to add to the access list on your router.

To add the MAC address to the access list on your router:

Sign in with your user name and password, then look for a setting that says MAC Address Filter or something similar.

Add the MAC address you wrote down for your PC to the access list and save your changes.

On your PC, try to connect to the Wi-Fi network again.

Look in the  Wireless Network  section. If Wi-Fi is on, the button should say  Turn wireless off .

Check and make sure your PC isn’t in airplane mode.

Select  Add , and then select  Manually create a network profile .

Type the network information.

If you want Windows to automatically connect when the network is in range, select the  Start this connection automatically  check box.

Select the  Connect even if the network is not broadcasting  check box, select  Next , and then select  Close .

Open the Network troubleshooter by right-clicking the network icon in the notification area and then selecting  Troubleshoot problems .

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