car descriptive essay

How To Describe A Car In Writing (200+ Examples & Words)

As a novelist, I’ve learned that the devil truly is in the details, especially when it comes to bringing vehicle scenes to life.

For example, describing cars in a way that not only paints a vivid picture for the reader but also adds depth and personality to the narrative.

Here is how to describe a car in writing:

Describe cars in writing by focusing on visual details like color and finish, specific make and model, size, and body style. Mention interior features, performance specs, and sound for a vivid depiction. Also, consider the car’s age, custom modifications, brand identity, and historical significance.

In this guide, you’ll learn everything you need to know about how to describe a car in writing.

21 Best Ways to Describe Cars

Table of Contents

In this article, I’ll share my personal insights and techniques on how to describe a car in writing.

I’ll guide you through various ways to capture the essence of a car, turning it from a mere object into a pivotal element of your story.

From the roar of an engine to the glint of the sun on polished chrome, I’ll show you how to use your words to make readers feel like they’re right there, seeing, hearing, and feeling every detail of the car you’re describing.

Let’s explore the various characteristics that can be used to describe cars, each with their unique flair and storytelling potential.

1. Color and Finish

The color and finish of a car can say a lot about its personality and the statement it’s trying to make.

A glossy finish might suggest a car that’s well-cared-for and cherished, while a matte texture could indicate something more modern and understated. Metallic colors can add a sense of luxury or high-tech sophistication.

Using these descriptors, you can paint a vivid picture in the reader’s mind.

• Crimson red, like a drop of blood under the streetlights.
• Matte black, absorbing the sunlight without a glint.
• Sunburst yellow, cheerful and impossible to ignore.
• Pearl white, shimmering softly in the moonlight.
• Midnight blue, deep and mysterious as the night sky.
• Cherry red, glossy and vibrant like a freshly picked fruit.
• Gunmetal gray, industrial and unapologetically modern.
• Electric blue, a jolt of color in a monochrome world.
• Forest green, rich and earthy, blending with the landscape.
• Rose gold, a unique blend of luxury and whimsy.

2. Make and Model

Mentioning the make and model of a car can immediately set a tone.

A vintage Mustang might evoke a sense of nostalgia and classic style, while a sleek Tesla Model S could represent cutting-edge technology and forward-thinking.

The make and model can reflect a character’s personality, status, or aspirations, making it a powerful tool in storytelling.

• Vintage Mustang, oozing with classic American muscle.
• Sleek Tesla Model S, the embodiment of modern innovation.
• Luxurious Bentley Continental, a symbol of opulence.
• Rugged Jeep Wrangler, ready for off-road adventures.
• Iconic Volkswagen Beetle, quirky and endearing.
• Sporty Porsche 911, a blend of speed and style.
• Reliable Toyota Camry, unassuming yet dependable.
• Elegant Mercedes-Benz S-Class, a statement of refined taste.
• Practical Honda Civic, the everyday workhorse.
• Flamboyant Lamborghini Aventador, turning heads at every corner.

3. Size and Body Style

The size and body style of a car can greatly influence its character in a story.

A spacious minivan might be associated with family life and practicality, whereas a compact hatchback could signify an urban lifestyle or a young, independent character.

SUVs might imply adventure and a love for the outdoors, while coupes could suggest a more personal and stylish choice.

• Spacious minivan, the stalwart of family road trips.
• Compact hatchback, zipping through city streets with ease.
• Imposing SUV, towering over the smaller cars around it.
• Sleek coupe, a personal statement of style.
• Luxurious sedan, combining comfort with elegance.
• Rugged pickup truck, a workhorse clad in steel.
• Convertible sports car, freedom with the top down.
• Subcompact city car, perfect for tight parking spots.
• Station wagon, a blend of practicality and nostalgia.
• Full-size van, a canvas for adventure and exploration.

4. Interior Features

The interior of a car often reflects the personality and lifestyle of its owner.

Describing the upholstery, dashboard design, and overall ambiance can add a layer of intimacy to your story. Leather seats might suggest luxury, while a cluttered dashboard could hint at a chaotic life.

The interior can be a small world in itself, revealing secrets and stories about its occupants.

• Plush leather seats, the epitome of luxury and comfort.
• Futuristic digital dash, glowing with information.
• Retro vinyl seats, harking back to simpler times.
• Minimalist interior, with clean lines and uncluttered spaces.
• Wooden panel accents, adding a touch of classic elegance.
• Racing seats, snug and ready for high-speed adventures.
• Neon ambient lighting, setting a vibrant mood.
• Panoramic sunroof, bringing the outside in.
• Heated and ventilated seats, comfort in any weather.
• High-tech sound system, turning the cabin into a concert hall.

5. Performance Specifications

The performance of a car can be a thrilling detail to explore in your narrative.

Describing the horsepower, acceleration, and handling can reflect the car’s capabilities and the excitement or power it brings to the scene. It’s not just about speed–it’s about how the car moves and feels, which can be a metaphor for the story’s pace and tone.

• Turbocharged engine, ready to unleash its fury.
• Swift acceleration, the thrill of zero to sixty in seconds.
• Nimble handling, dancing gracefully around corners.
• All-wheel drive, gripping the road with confidence.
• High torque, powering through challenges.
• Smooth ride, gliding over bumps and imperfections.
• Efficient fuel consumption, for the environmentally conscious.
• Advanced suspension, a balance of comfort and performance.
• Regenerative braking, the fusion of power and sustainability.
• Dynamic steering, responsive to every subtle command.

6. Sound and Acoustics

The sound of a car can be incredibly evocative.

The roar of an engine, the purr of a well-tuned motor, or the near-silence of an electric vehicle can set a scene and reflect the mood.

The acoustics of a car, from the sound of the door closing to the hum of the tires on the road, can be used to immerse readers in the experience.

• Roaring engine, announcing its presence with authority.
• Soft hum of an electric motor, whispering of the future.
• Deep and throaty exhaust note, a symphony of power.
• High-pitched whine of a supercharger, screaming performance.
• Quiet cabin, insulated from the chaos of the outside world.
• Distinctive clunk of the door, a sound of solid build.
• Rhythmic thumping of a powerful sound system.
• Squeal of tires, the sound of urgent acceleration.
• Gentle purring at idle, a beast in repose.
• Wind noise at high speed, the rush of air as the landscape blurs.

7. Age and Condition

The age and condition of a car can be a reflection of its journey and its owner’s story.

A new, spotless vehicle might represent success or a new beginning, while a vintage car could evoke nostalgia or a connection to the past. The condition – whether pristine, well-maintained, or weathered – can also hint at the character’s values and lifestyle.

• Pristine classic, lovingly restored to its former glory.
• Weathered old-timer, scars telling tales of past adventures.
• Brand-new model, sleek and untouched.
• Well-maintained family car, cared for through the years.
• Rusty beater, resilient despite its age.
• Showroom condition, with not a speck of dust.
• Battle-scarred veteran, a survivor of many road trips.
• Time-worn interior, seats holding memories of past occupants.
• Restored with original parts, a tribute to authenticity.
• Faded paint, a testament to its journey under the sun.

8. Custom Modifications

Custom modifications can make a car uniquely personal and often reflect the owner’s personality or aspirations.

From performance enhancements to aesthetic changes, each modification tells a story.

Whether it’s a powerful engine upgrade or a visually striking paint job, these details can add depth to your narrative.

• Custom spoilers, adding an aggressive flair.
• Enhanced audio system, turning the car into a rolling concert.
• Nitrous oxide system, for that extra burst of speed.
• Hydraulic suspension, dancing on the streets.
• Matte wrap finish, a modern twist on classic lines.
• LED underglow, a car that lights up the night.
• Supercharger, for a relentless surge of power.
• Racing stripes, hinting at a need for speed.
• Off-road modifications, ready for any terrain.
• Bespoke interior, tailor-made to the owner’s taste.

9. Brand Identity

The brand of a car often carries with it a set of associations and expectations.

Luxury brands like Mercedes symbolize opulence and class, while brands like Toyota are often associated with reliability and practicality.

The brand can influence how characters and settings are perceived by the reader, adding an extra layer to the narrative.

• Luxury of a Mercedes, a statement in elegance.
• Reliability of a Toyota, a trusted companion on the road.
• Performance pedigree of a Ferrari, a car that demands attention.
• Ruggedness of a Land Rover, ready for off-road escapades.
• Innovation of a Tesla, driving into the future.
• Iconic design of a Mini Cooper, quirky and fun.
• American muscle of a Ford Mustang, raw and powerful.
• German engineering of a BMW, precision and sophistication.
• Timeless elegance of a Rolls-Royce, the pinnacle of luxury.
• Sporty spirit of a Subaru WRX, adrenaline in motion.

10. Historical Significance

Cars with historical significance bring a sense of time and place to your narrative.

They can be iconic models known for their roles in famous movies or cars that marked technological breakthroughs.

These cars can serve as symbols, connecting your story to larger themes or historical moments.

• Cars from famous movies, like the DeLorean from “Back to the Future”.
• Models with a rich history, like the Ford Model T.
• Vehicles that marked technological milestones, like the first Prius.
• Cars associated with historical figures, like JFK’s Lincoln Continental.
• Iconic race cars, legends of the track.
• Pioneers of design, like the original Volkswagen Beetle.
• Cars that defined an era, like the 60s Mustangs.
• Military vehicles repurposed for civilian life, like the Willys Jeep.
• Limited edition models, rare and sought after.
• Vehicles that sparked cultural movements, like the minivan for families.

11. Aerodynamics and Design

The aerodynamics and overall design of a car not only influence its performance but also communicate a lot about its character.

Sleek contours can imply speed and elegance, while robust, wind-cutting shapes might suggest strength and resilience. This aspect of a car can be used to mirror the traits of a character or the mood of a scene.

• Sleek contours, embodying speed and efficiency.
• Wind-cutting shapes, designed for optimal performance.
• Streamlined profile, cutting through the air with ease.
• Bold aerodynamic spoilers, adding to the car’s aggressive stance.
• Scissor doors, opening up with a futuristic flair.
• Low and wide chassis, hinting at stability and power.
• Fluid lines, suggesting movement even at a standstill.
• Active aerodynamic features, adapting to enhance performance.
• Teardrop shape, for minimal wind resistance.
• Aerodynamic wheel designs, blending style with function.

12. Lighting and Accessories

Lighting and accessories can add a distinctive touch to a car, enhancing its personality and functionality.

Bright LED headlights can suggest a modern and tech-savvy car, while a panoramic sunroof might indicate a preference for luxury and openness.

These details can add depth to the setting and give readers a clearer picture of the scene.

• LED headlights, casting a bright, modern glow.
• Panoramic sunroof, offering a view of the sky above.
• Custom grille, adding a personal touch to the front.
• Tinted windows, suggesting privacy and mystique.
• Roof racks, ready for adventure and exploration.
• Fog lights, for clarity in murky conditions.
• Tailfin antennas, a nod to classic design.
• Chrome accents, adding a touch of elegance.
• Rear spoilers, for a sporty and dynamic look.
• Side skirts, enhancing the car’s sleek profile.

13. Wheels and Tires

The wheels and tires of a car are not just functional — they can also be a strong stylistic statement.

Alloy wheels can give a car a high-end, sporty look, while all-terrain tires might suggest an adventurous spirit. The design and type of wheels and tires can add realism to a scene and help convey the character’s lifestyle or preferences.

• Alloy wheels, with a sleek and modern design.
• All-terrain tires, ready to take on any road.
• Low-profile tires, for a sportier look and feel.
• Custom rims, personalizing the car’s appearance.
• Spinning hubcaps, adding a flashy touch.
• Run-flat tires, combining practicality and resilience.
• Off-road tires, rugged and ready for rough terrain.
• Chrome wheels, shining with every turn.
• Racing slicks, for the ultimate grip on the track.
• Whitewall tires, a classic and timeless choice.

14. Environmental Impact

In today’s world, the environmental impact of a car is increasingly important.

Describing a car’s eco-friendliness, such as its fuel efficiency or zero-emission status, can reflect the values of a character or the theme of a story.

Hybrid and electric models can symbolize innovation and responsibility, adding a contemporary touch to your narrative.

• Zero-emission electric vehicle, silent and clean.
• Hybrid model, balancing performance with eco-friendliness.
• High fuel efficiency, for the environmentally conscious.
• Solar-powered features, harnessing renewable energy.
• Low-emission engines, minimizing the carbon footprint.
• Regenerative braking systems, maximizing energy efficiency.
• Biofuel compatibility, a step towards sustainability.
• Lightweight materials, reducing energy consumption.
• Aerodynamic design, for improved fuel economy.
• Electric charging capabilities, embracing the future of mobility.

15. Technological Features

In a world where technology is constantly evolving, the technological features of a car can be a significant aspect of its character.

Modern tech like advanced navigation systems and safety features not only add to the car’s functionality but can also symbolize the setting’s time period or the owner’s values.

Describing these features can immerse the reader in a more realistic and relatable world.

• Autonomous driving capabilities, a glimpse into the future of travel.
• Collision avoidance systems, ensuring safety with every journey.
• Advanced navigation systems, guiding the way with precision.
• Keyless entry and start, the epitome of convenience.
• Adaptive cruise control, for a relaxed driving experience.
• Lane departure warnings, combining safety with technology.
• Wireless charging pads, keeping devices powered up on the go.
• Interactive infotainment systems, entertainment at your fingertips.
• Voice-activated controls, for effortless operation.
• Head-up display, keeping important information in the line of sight.

16. Comfort and Convenience

Comfort and convenience features in a car can greatly enhance the driving experience, making it more enjoyable and relaxed.

Heated seats, voice-activated controls, and other such amenities not only add a touch of luxury but can also reflect the character’s preferences and lifestyle. These details can make the scenes more vivid and relatable to the reader.

• Heated seats, a cozy embrace on cold days.
• Voice-activated controls, responding to every command.
• Automatic climate control, maintaining the perfect temperature.
• Spacious legroom, offering a comfortable ride.
• Rearview cameras, for hassle-free parking.
• Electric adjustable seats, finding the perfect position with ease.
• Sunshades, providing relief from the glaring sun.
• Hands-free trunk release, for when your hands are full.
• Massaging seats, turning every drive into a spa experience.
• Memory settings, personalizing the car to each driver.

17. Emotional Appeal

A car can evoke a wide range of emotions, from the thrill of a sports car to the nostalgia of a vintage model.

Describing the emotional appeal of a car can add depth to your narrative, allowing readers to connect with the story on a more personal level.

The excitement, pride, or sentimentality associated with a car can be a reflection of the characters’ feelings and experiences.

• The thrill of a sports car, a rush of adrenaline with every turn.
• Nostalgia of a vintage model, memories embedded in every curve.
• Pride of owning a luxury brand, a symbol of success.
• Sentimental value of a family heirloom, stories passed down with the keys.
• Joy of a first car, a milestone in independence.
• Peace of a smooth ride, a serene escape from the outside world.
• Excitement of a convertible, the wind in your hair.
• Satisfaction of an eco-friendly vehicle, driving with a clear conscience.
• Attachment to a reliable old car, a dependable companion through life’s journeys.
• Awe of a high-performance machine, the epitome of engineering marvel.

18. Symbolic Meaning

Cars can symbolize various themes and concepts in a story, from status and power to freedom and escape.

The type of car and the way it is portrayed can reflect the underlying messages or themes of your narrative.

A luxury car might symbolize wealth and status, while a rugged off-roader could represent adventure and a free spirit.

• Status symbol, a display of wealth and success.
• Representation of freedom, the ability to go anywhere at any time.
• Symbol of innovation, embracing new technologies and ideas.
• Emblem of a bygone era, a connection to the past.
• Indicator of a character’s personality, like a flashy sports car for a show-off.
• Metaphor for life’s journey, roads taken and destinations reached.
• Icon of rebellion, a departure from the conventional.
• Expression of artistic taste, through custom designs and modifications.
• Reflection of practicality and responsibility, in a family-oriented vehicle.
• Manifestation of a dream, the realization of a long-held aspiration.

19. Rarity and Exclusivity

Rarity and exclusivity can add an air of intrigue and prestige to a car.

Describing a car as a limited edition model or a rare vintage find immediately sets it apart as something special and coveted. This can be used to symbolize a character’s unique qualities or to create a sense of wonder and admiration in your narrative.

A rare car can become a plot point in itself, a treasure with its own backstory and significance.

• Limited edition models, each with its own unique serial number.
• Rare vintage finds, treasures unearthed from the past.
• Bespoke supercars, one-of-a-kind in design and performance.
• Collector’s items, sought after by enthusiasts worldwide.
• Prototype models, glimpses into what could have been.
• Exotic imports, rare sights on local roads.
• Handcrafted luxury vehicles, the pinnacle of craftsmanship.
• Discontinued models, the last of their kind.
• Cars with celebrity provenance, graced by fame.
• Historical race winners, legends in the automotive world.

20. Cultural Associations

Cars often hold a significant place in various cultures and can be associated with certain lifestyles, eras, or groups.

For example, muscle cars are an integral part of American automotive culture, symbolizing power and freedom. Luxury cars are often seen in celebrity circles, representing glamour and success.

These cultural associations can add depth to your story, connecting the car to broader themes and societal perceptions.

• Muscle cars in American culture, symbols of power and freedom.
• Luxury cars in celebrity circles, flaunting wealth and style.
• Classic British sports cars, an air of sophistication and tradition.
• Italian supercars, the embodiment of passion and design.
• German engineering, a mark of precision and quality.
• Japanese compact cars, showcasing efficiency and innovation.
• French city cars, epitomizing chic urban living.
• American pickup trucks, representing rugged individualism and practicality.
• Scandinavian electric vehicles, a commitment to sustainability and clean design.
• Russian off-road vehicles, known for their durability and resilience in harsh conditions.

21. Contrast and Comparison

Using contrast and comparison is a powerful way to highlight a car’s unique features and set it apart from others.

By drawing comparisons, you can provide context and help the reader understand a car’s positioning in terms of performance, size, luxury, and other attributes.

This approach is particularly effective in showcasing the superiority or uniqueness of a car in relation to well-known benchmarks.

• Faster than a Ferrari, a testament to unmatched speed.
• More spacious than a sedan, offering unparalleled comfort for family travel.
• More fuel-efficient than a hybrid, leading the way in eco-friendly innovation.
• More luxurious than a Rolls-Royce, setting new standards in opulence.
• Tougher than a Land Rover, ready for the most challenging terrains.
• More technologically advanced than a Tesla, pushing the boundaries of automotive tech.
• Sleeker than a Jaguar, epitomizing elegance in motion.
• More affordable than a BMW, providing luxury without the hefty price tag.
• Nimbler than a Porsche, offering superior agility and handling.
• More iconic than a Mustang, a symbol of automotive history and culture.

Here is a video that will help you learn how to describe a car in writing:

30 Best Words to Describe Cars

Choosing the right words to describe a car can elevate your writing, giving it precision and flair.

Here’s a list of 30 descriptive words, each capable of conjuring a vivid image or conveying a specific characteristic of a car:

• Sleek – streamlined and elegant.
• Robust – strong and durable.
• Innovative – featuring new ideas or methods.
• Luxurious – opulent and comfortable.
• Agile – quick and responsive.
• Rugged – tough and hard-wearing.
• Pristine – in perfect condition.
• Vintage – classic and from a past era.
• Futuristic – ahead of its time in design or technology.
• Sporty – designed for performance.
• Spacious – offering plenty of room.
• Economical – efficient in using fuel or resources.
• Eco-friendly – environmentally friendly.
• Powerful – strong and forceful in performance.
• Timeless – enduringly stylish.
• Cutting-edge – at the forefront of progress.
• Elegant – graceful and stylish.
• Compact – small and efficient in size.
• Flashy – showy and attention-grabbing.
• Dependable – reliable and trustworthy.
• Exotic – strikingly unusual or rare.
• Sleek – smooth and polished in appearance.
• State-of-the-art – using the latest technology.
• Quirky – unusual in an attractive and interesting way.
• Aerodynamic – designed to reduce air resistance.
• Customized – modified to suit personal preferences.
• Iconic – widely recognized and well-established.
• High-performance – capable of great speed or efficiency.
• Retro – imitative of a style from the recent past.
• Majestic – grand and impressive in appearance.

30 Best Phrases to Describe Cars in Writing

Phrases can paint a more detailed picture, combining words to encapsulate the essence of a car.

Here are 30 phrases that vividly depict various aspects of cars:

• “Engine purring like a contented cat.”
• “Hugging the curves with ease.”
• “Gliding silently down the street.”
• “The embodiment of speed and luxury.”
• “Roaring to life with a turn of the key.”
• “A marriage of form and function.”
• “A testament to automotive excellence.”
• “Sleek lines cutting through the air.”
• “A symphony of engineering and design.”
• “An oasis of comfort in a bustling world.”
• “Bathed in chrome and elegance.”
• “Whisper-quiet interior, a world apart.”
• “The heart of a lion under the hood.”
• “Tailored to perfection, inside and out.”
• “The roar of the engine, a call to adventure.”
• “A beacon of innovation on four wheels.”
• “A classic beauty, timeless and revered.”
• “Merging power with sustainability.”
• “A dynamic fusion of technology and style.”
• “An icon of the open road.”
• “Resonating with raw power and grace.”
• “A chariot of modern luxury.”
• “Crafted for the connoisseur.”
• “A visual and tactile delight.”
• “Commanding the road with authority.”
• “The epitome of automotive artistry.”
• “A palette of performance and elegance.”
• “Masterfully engineered for the ultimate drive.”
• “A tribute to tradition, with a modern twist.”
• “As much a journey as a destination.”

3 Full Examples of How to Describe Cars (In Different Genres)

Here are full examples of how to describe cares in writing in different kinds of stories.

Action-Packed Adventure: Describing a car chase scene

The powerful V8 engine of the mustard yellow 1969 Dodge Charger roared as the driver floored the accelerator, the rear tires struggling for grip before catapulting the muscular coupe forward. The charged beast darted through narrow alleys, its long hood and iconic Coca-Cola bottle shape making it look like a predator chasing its prey.

As the driver yanked the steering wheel to take a hard corner, the stiff suspension kept all four balding tires clung to the asphalt.

Romantic Novel: Detailing a vintage car in a romantic setting

As Sally approached the flowering meadow, she spotted a cherry red 1957 Chevy Bel Air, its chrome bumpers and trim glittering in the golden hour sunlight.

The old-fashioned tail fins gave the Chevy an endearing personality, like a faithful metal steed waiting to carry passengers on retro adventures. Sally ran her fingers along the Chevy’s smooth flanks, memories of her high school days flooding back. The supple bench seat, now lightly cracked from years in the sun, still looked inviting.

Futuristic Sci-Fi: Imagining a car in a sci-fi scenario

The UFO-like hovercar glided silently above the metallic streets, slight ripples in the air beneath its aerodynamic fuselage the only indication of its incredible speed.

Inside the dark glass cockpit, screens and holograms bathed the pilot seat in a blue glow. With the autopilot engaged, the pilot could sit back and enjoy views of the chrome spires and towering neon signs through the wraparound windshield as the gumdrop-shaped hovercar transported him through the cyberpunk megalopolis.

Final Thoughts: How to Describe a Car In Writing

Vividly detailing cars accomplishes much more than just visually depicting what a car looks like.

Masterful car descriptions in writing evoke visceral emotions in the reader, provide windows into characters’ personalities, and transport audiences to fantastical settings limited only by imagination.

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Center for Automotive Research

Descriptive Essay About A Car

This essay sample on Descriptive Essay About A Car provides all necessary basic info on this matter, including the most common “for and against” arguments. Below are the introduction, body and conclusion parts of this essay.

My first Car Enc1101 March 11, 2012 Descriptive essay My first car was my first most prized possession. I’d named her, tested her out on interstates, and took good care of her like she was one of my children. She had mirror tinted windows and was deep ocean blue that gleamed in the summer sun, she was flawless.

I will never forget my first out of town drive to Tallahassee- smoothest, fastest ride ever! Had it not been for the scenery I would’ve felt like I was driving in a race. I remember cruising from lane to lane passing other drivers as if they were just trees barely moving.

It was 2006 and so was the year of my car so I felt like we were unstoppable.

Now it’s 2012 and my car is parked in my mom’s driveway with a look of pity. It’s despicable what people will do to other’s property with no concern or compassion. In 2010, I got ready to go to work and looked outside and my car wasn’t where I parked it. I called in a police report and maybe 4 hours later my car had been found in a ditch on the westside of town. I called out of work concerned about the condition of my car.

Proficient in: Privacy

“ Really polite, and a great writer! Task done as described and better, responded to all my questions promptly too! ”

My mother and I drove down to the westside of town to try and find my car.

At this point my mind is trying to think of every possible reason why my car was found in no man’s land! We drove down that long road my car was cited on and stopped at local business to ask if they had seen my car nearby. One repair shop that looked as if the building was ready to retire had a tall, lanky, bald headed man outside who flagged us down. He said he noticed us driving back and forth and was wondering if we were the owners of the car that was towed that morning. I replied, “Yes sir that was my car. ” He pointed out the exact ditch my car had been towed from.

My mother and I drove over and parked her car on the side of the road. There was two houses behind the ditch one looked vacant, it was gray made of cement bricks with weeds entangled throughout the fence and a rugged yard and cardboard in the windows. I opened the gate and as I went to walk inside a lady came out of the house next door stopped me and warned me not to bother the lady who lives there. With a shocked look, I stepped back outside the gate and tried to close it as quietly as possible, at that point I was a little scared.

Before I could ask her about my car she had already gotten into her truck and sped off. My mom and I looked among the bushes and weeds to see if there was any trace of my car. Then I saw two unusually shaped dirt patches like somebody had drug something heavy up the side of the ditch. I called my mother over then I gasped. I had found a piece of the padding to my bumper of my car in the ditch. I quickly picked it up and sure enough it had a Hyundai symbol on it. I held my head down and lost all hope for my car.

At that point I knew she was no longer flawless. I couldn’t bear anymore, scared of what else I might have found amongst the dirt and debris so we drove to the impound lot nearby. As I sat quietly in the lobby my mother asked all the questions, it was too heart wrenching for me to speak I was almost in tears. Time passed I zoned out due to anxiety and disappointment, eventually my mother tells me to go look at my car the man at the desk told her it was pretty bad. I said, “No, I can’t,” put my hands over my face and started to quietly cry.

My mother walked over and sat next to me and said, “It’s going to be ok, it’s just a car you can always get another one, but you need to go look. ” I pulled myself together and went in the bathroom to wipe my eyes. My car was in the back, but I had to go out the front door and go around. I turned the corner to the back and I just wanted to fall out and cry some more. She was now a filthy ocean blue with no gleam as if she was used for a dirt bike. My front bumper was not only completely detached but on top of the front hood!

I put my hands over my mouth in shock as I walked closer to my car my heart rate rose. My blood was rushing from disappointment and anger. I walked to the back of my car and discovered where the padding had come from. My driver’s side rear bumper was completely gone only thing left was most of the tail lights. The portion of the trunk that was there had been smashed into the trunk, my trunk wouldn’t even close anymore. Considering the fact that the impound lot was charging per day to keep it there we had to find a way to move it.

Unfortunately the only way to drive it without the back bumper pulverizing my tire was to remove one of my mufflers. As I said to myself, “Great more damage,” one of the employees comes out with a huge wrench with oil stains all over him and rips it out as if pulling apart a wishbone. I turned away I couldn’t watch him do that to my precious car. He then walks over to me and hands me the key and so happily says, “Here’s the key ma’am,” like an executioner who had just completed a job. At this point I still have not spoken a word to anybody, but myself and God. I open my door and get in and crank up my car.

My car now makes this noise that sounds like a motorcycle revving up whenever it driven, thus the reason it’s now parked. Worst part of this all is at the time I only had liability coverage so, to this day she sits in my mom’s driveway in this same condition, and I get a little sad every time I see her. In conclusion, some people just want everything whether it’s theirs or somebody else’s. Honestly I wouldn’t have cared if my car was stolen and found without being diminished to nothing in the process. Moral of the story no matter how much it may cost always try to get full coverage, things happen.

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• How to write a descriptive essay | Example & tips

How to Write a Descriptive Essay | Example & Tips

Published on July 30, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on August 14, 2023.

A descriptive essay gives a vivid, detailed description of something—generally a place or object, but possibly something more abstract like an emotion. This type of essay , like the narrative essay , is more creative than most academic writing .

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Table of contents

Descriptive essay topics, tips for writing descriptively, descriptive essay example, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about descriptive essays.

When you are assigned a descriptive essay, you’ll normally be given a specific prompt or choice of prompts. They will often ask you to describe something from your own experience.

• Describe a place you love to spend time in.
• Describe an object that has sentimental value for you.

You might also be asked to describe something outside your own experience, in which case you’ll have to use your imagination.

• Describe the experience of a soldier in the trenches of World War I.
• Describe what it might be like to live on another planet.

Sometimes you’ll be asked to describe something more abstract, like an emotion.

If you’re not given a specific prompt, try to think of something you feel confident describing in detail. Think of objects and places you know well, that provoke specific feelings or sensations, and that you can describe in an interesting way.

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The key to writing an effective descriptive essay is to find ways of bringing your subject to life for the reader. You’re not limited to providing a literal description as you would be in more formal essay types.

Make use of figurative language, sensory details, and strong word choices to create a memorable description.

Use figurative language

Figurative language consists of devices like metaphor and simile that use words in non-literal ways to create a memorable effect. This is essential in a descriptive essay; it’s what gives your writing its creative edge and makes your description unique.

Take the following description of a park.

This tells us something about the place, but it’s a bit too literal and not likely to be memorable.

If we want to make the description more likely to stick in the reader’s mind, we can use some figurative language.

Here we have used a simile to compare the park to a face and the trees to facial hair. This is memorable because it’s not what the reader expects; it makes them look at the park from a different angle.

You don’t have to fill every sentence with figurative language, but using these devices in an original way at various points throughout your essay will keep the reader engaged and convey your unique perspective on your subject.

Use your senses

Another key aspect of descriptive writing is the use of sensory details. This means referring not only to what something looks like, but also to smell, sound, touch, and taste.

Obviously not all senses will apply to every subject, but it’s always a good idea to explore what’s interesting about your subject beyond just what it looks like.

Even when your subject is more abstract, you might find a way to incorporate the senses more metaphorically, as in this descriptive essay about fear.

Choose the right words

Writing descriptively involves choosing your words carefully. The use of effective adjectives is important, but so is your choice of adverbs , verbs , and even nouns.

It’s easy to end up using clichéd phrases—“cold as ice,” “free as a bird”—but try to reflect further and make more precise, original word choices. Clichés provide conventional ways of describing things, but they don’t tell the reader anything about your unique perspective on what you’re describing.

Try looking over your sentences to find places where a different word would convey your impression more precisely or vividly. Using a thesaurus can help you find alternative word choices.

• My cat runs across the garden quickly and jumps onto the fence to watch it from above.
• My cat crosses the garden nimbly and leaps onto the fence to survey it from above.

However, exercise care in your choices; don’t just look for the most impressive-looking synonym you can find for every word. Overuse of a thesaurus can result in ridiculous sentences like this one:

• My feline perambulates the allotment proficiently and capers atop the palisade to regard it from aloft.

An example of a short descriptive essay, written in response to the prompt “Describe a place you love to spend time in,” is shown below.

Hover over different parts of the text to see how a descriptive essay works.

On Sunday afternoons I like to spend my time in the garden behind my house. The garden is narrow but long, a corridor of green extending from the back of the house, and I sit on a lawn chair at the far end to read and relax. I am in my small peaceful paradise: the shade of the tree, the feel of the grass on my feet, the gentle activity of the fish in the pond beside me.

My cat crosses the garden nimbly and leaps onto the fence to survey it from above. From his perch he can watch over his little kingdom and keep an eye on the neighbours. He does this until the barking of next door’s dog scares him from his post and he bolts for the cat flap to govern from the safety of the kitchen.

With that, I am left alone with the fish, whose whole world is the pond by my feet. The fish explore the pond every day as if for the first time, prodding and inspecting every stone. I sometimes feel the same about sitting here in the garden; I know the place better than anyone, but whenever I return I still feel compelled to pay attention to all its details and novelties—a new bird perched in the tree, the growth of the grass, and the movement of the insects it shelters…

Sitting out in the garden, I feel serene. I feel at home. And yet I always feel there is more to discover. The bounds of my garden may be small, but there is a whole world contained within it, and it is one I will never get tired of inhabiting.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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The key difference is that a narrative essay is designed to tell a complete story, while a descriptive essay is meant to convey an intense description of a particular place, object, or concept.

Narrative and descriptive essays both allow you to write more personally and creatively than other kinds of essays , and similar writing skills can apply to both.

If you’re not given a specific prompt for your descriptive essay , think about places and objects you know well, that you can think of interesting ways to describe, or that have strong personal significance for you.

The best kind of object for a descriptive essay is one specific enough that you can describe its particular features in detail—don’t choose something too vague or general.

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A descriptive essay is the most creative of all essay types. It involves the use of sensory descriptors and impactful narratives to depict an object, person, or even something abstract like an emotion. This type of essay is administered by teachers and professors to gauge your understanding of language. 

In this article, we will guide you through everything there is to know about descriptive essays. This includes the descriptive essay definition, some descriptive essay topics, and various examples. To help you in your essay-writing process, we have also included an outline of a descriptive essay. 

But let’s start from the beginning: What is a descriptive essay?

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What is a descriptive essay?

A descriptive essay is a highly creative form of writing which describes an object, person, location, experience, emotion, or situation. It makes use of vivid imagery and different figures of speech to create a beautiful and immersive experience for the reader.

This type of essay is often assigned in creative writing courses in schools or colleges. It does not involve the presentation of arguments or information. It just involves creatively expressing yourself with the help of various language devices. 

Unlike a narrative essay which involves telling a story, a descriptive essay only focuses on one particular object or idea. Although most essay topics are non-fictional, descriptive essay topics can either be fictional or non-fictional. 

Let us look at a few examples of topics for a descriptive essay.

Descriptive essay topics

Since writing a descriptive essay is a creative form of writing, it can cover a wide range of topics. These topics can range from practical experiences such as “My Grandpa’s Couch” to thought experiments such as “Living in a world with no concept of time”. 

Here are a few more descriptive essay topics:

• Exploring a ghost town
• A starry night in the mountains
• A day in the life of an explorer
• Trip to the Metropolitan Museum of Art
• Wandering through the Swiss meadows 
• My childhood home
• Memories of grandma’s farm
• Experiencing euphoria for the first time
• My description of utopia
• My most treasured possession

Descriptive essay structure

Since descriptive essays are highly creative in nature, the descriptive essay structure is much more fluid as compared to most academic essay types. Although they do follow a general structure, there is no specific descriptive essay format. It serves more as a guideline than a hard and fast rule. 

Descriptive essays generally don’t revolve around proving a point or making an argument. The goal is to simply provide a vivid and detailed description of a particular subject.   

Let’s study the basic structure of a descriptive essay:

1. Introduction

Wondering how to start a descriptive essay? Like all essay types, the introduction of a descriptive essay is composed of three key elements: A hook, some background information, and a thesis statement. 

However, the thesis statement of a descriptive essay is different from the thesis statements of most academic essays. It simply makes a claim regarding the subject of your choosing.

Here’s an example of a descriptive essay introduction: 

• Background information
• Thesis statement

The last day of school—a momentous occasion that marks the culmination of a year’s worth of hard work and growth. Excitement hangs in the air as students gather for one final day of shared experiences and unforgettable memories. The hallways buzz with chatter and laughter, mingling with the anticipation of summer freedom. It’s a day of mixed emotions, as the promise of lazy days ahead clashes with the bittersweet farewell to teachers and classmates who have become like family. The last day of school is a mosaic of emotions, a snapshot of a moment that holds the weight of an entire academic journey, and a prelude to the new adventures that lie just beyond the horizon.

2. Body paragraph 

A descriptive essay usually has three body paragraphs. However, the length and number of paragraphs may vary depending on the complexity and scope of your essay topic. 

A body paragraph comprises of a topic sentence that focuses on a particular aspect of the subject. The topic sentence is elaborated upon by sensory, contextual, and emotional descriptors. Each paragraph ends with a transition sentence that provides context for the next paragraph.  

Let’s understand this better with the help of an example: 

• Topic sentence
• Description
• Transition sentence

Classrooms brim with finality and accomplishment. Doodles and scribbles now grace once-neat desks, testifying to idle daydreams and shared laughter. Colorful displays and academic achievements adorn the walls, silently witnessing each student’s growth. Empty lockers echo the countless exchanges and whispered secrets they once held. Yearbooks circulate like cherished artifacts, pages filled with smiling faces and heartfelt messages. Laughter and hugs fill the hallways as friends make promises to keep in touch and embark on summer adventures. The last day of school etches indelible memories, a tapestry of nostalgia and celebration that encapsulates the joy, camaraderie, and growth of their academic journey.

3. Conclusion

The conclusion of your essay should begin with the restatement of your thesis statement along with its broader implications. You can then provide a quick summary of all the important aspects mentioned in the body paragraphs. 

Finally, you can end your essay with a powerful statement or a clincher. This can include anything from a powerful lesson to a thought-provoking quote. The goal is to leave the reader with something to think about.

Here’s an example: 

• Restated thesis statement
• Summary of body paragraphs
• Concluding statement

As the final bell echoes through the hallways and students scatter in all directions, school leaves behind a lingering sense of closure and anticipation. It is a day filled with mixed emotions—a blend of nostalgia for the memories created, gratitude for the knowledge gained, and excitement for the new chapter that awaits. The last day of school symbolizes a milestone in each student’s journey, marking the end of one chapter and the beginning of another. It is a time to reflect on the growth, challenges overcome, and friendships forged along the way. The last day of school is not an end, but rather a stepping stone towards new horizons, where each student will continue to learn, explore, and thrive.

Now that we’ve understood how to structure a descriptive essay, let’s figure out how to write it!

How to write a descriptive essay

In order to write a perfect descriptive essay you must effectively make use of multiple creative writing devices. These creative writing devices include figures of speech, imagery, sensory and emotional descriptors, as well as evocative language.  

If you find the essay writing process challenging, we’re here to equip you with essential tips on writing a descriptive essay. Let’s take a look at how to write a descriptive essay: 

1. Use figures of speech

Literary devices such as similies, metaphors, and imagery are creative devices that describe an object or a person in a figurative sense. These creative devices add an element of interest to your essay, making it more vivid, vibrant, and colorful. 

The use of figures of speech can turn an otherwise boring piece of writing into a masterpiece. Take a look at the following example:

On that spot stood an old banyan tree with thick bark and intertwining branches.

Although this example is a good start, it can be made much more interesting with the use of figures of speech.

On that spot stood an old banyan tree with its resolve as strong as iron. Its arms intertwined as they reached for the skies, yearning for the sun.  

The use of literary devices such as personification and metaphor makes the banyan tree in the second example come to life. This is how you can make your writing more vivid, descriptive, and poetic.

2. Use your senses

Sensory descriptors are one of the most important aspects of a descriptive essay. The key is to make the reader experience what you’ve experienced. This means appealing to all five senses of the reader. 

Although the visual aspect is important, you should also focus on how something sounds, feels, and smells. The experience of touching, smelling, or feeling something is more evocative than simply viewing it. 

Some sensory descriptors are used in a literal sense:

The smell of rain in July takes me back to my childhood. The pitter-patter reminds me of my mother’s footsteps, bringing us delicious snacks. 

They can also be used metaphorically:

The beautiful, cold gaze of the moon stunned us all.

3. Use evocative language

It is a good idea to use strong, evocative language that conveys an intense action or emotion. Creative use of words is an important factor in writing a descriptive essay since passive language leads to a dull, boring essay.  Let’s take a look at the following sentences: 

The 100-meter race was completed by Usain Bolt in under 10 seconds.

Usian Bolt whizzed through the 100-meter race in under 10 seconds!

The use of the word “completed” indicates no action and the use of passive voice makes the example dull. On the other hand, the phrase “whizzed through” indicates speed and intensity which makes the second example much more interesting to read.

Now that we’ve understood the different methods of writing a descriptive essay, let’s understand its outline.

Descriptive essay outline

The outline of a descriptive essay is less structured compared to most academic essay types. It merely serves as a guideline that you can use to flesh out your essay. It also helps you develop a coherent structure and logical flow for your topic sentences. 

In order to help you further develop your essay, we’ve created an outline for your reference. The following descriptive essay outline revolves around the nostalgia experienced when going through an old diary.

Turning the Pages of Time

I. Introduction

A. Hook: Engaging opening sentence to grab the reader’s attention.

B. Background: Briefly explain the significance of finding your old diary and the memories associated with it.

C. Thesis statement: Clearly state the main idea of the essay, highlighting the emotional journey of rediscovering your old diary.

II. The discovery

A. Setting the scene: Describe the circumstances and location where you stumbled upon your old diary.

B. Initial emotions: Express the range of emotions that flooded your mind upon finding the diary.

C. Anticipation: Share the anticipation and curiosity about what lies within the pages of the diary.

III. The diary’s contents

A. Opening the pages: Describe the physical act of opening the diary and the smell and texture of the pages.

B. Memories unfolded: Reflect on the memories and experiences captured in the diary entries.

C. Emotional impact: Discuss the emotional response evoked by reading your own words and reliving past moments.

IV. Nostalgic reflections

A. Time traveling: Explain how reading the diary transported you back to the time and place when the entries were written.

B. Reconnecting with your past self: Describe the process of reconnecting with your past self and reevaluating your thoughts and experiences.

C. Lessons and insights: Highlight any valuable lessons, self-discoveries, or personal growth revealed through the diary’s contents.

V. Resonating with present self

A. Relevance to current life: Discuss how the insights and reflections from the diary still resonate with your present self.

B. Perspective shifts: Explain any shifts in perspective or newfound understanding that arose from revisiting the diary.

C. Appreciation: Express gratitude for the diary and its role in preserving and enriching your personal history.

VI. Cherishing the rediscovery

A. Preservation: Discuss the steps you took to preserve and protect the diary after finding it.

B. Future reflections: Share your intentions and plans for continuing the habit of journaling or preserving personal memories.

C. Closing thoughts: Reflect on the lasting impact of finding your old diary and the value of personal reflection and self-expression.

VII. Conclusion

A. Recap: Summarize the emotional journey of rediscovering your old diary.

B. Significance: Emphasize the personal and emotional significance of reconnecting with your past self through the diary.

C. Closing remarks: Conclude with a reflection on the power of personal artifacts and the importance of preserving one’s history.

Now that we have taken a look at the descriptive essay structure let’s look at an example.

Descriptive essay example

To help you better understand the process of descriptive essay writing, we’ve constructed an example. The following example revolves around an imaginary situation. It describes the writer’s voyage through the cosmos.

Exploring the Cosmos

As the rocket engines ignited, the powerful thrust propelled us into the vast expanse of space. The vibrations rattled through the cabin, merging with the palpable anticipation that filled the air. We were embarking on a remarkable journey through the cosmos, leaving behind the familiarity of Earth and venturing into the unknown.

Outside the small window, the twinkling stars grew brighter, casting a mesmerizing glow on the infinite darkness. The view was awe-inspiring as if we were floating amidst a sea of diamonds, each one beckoning us to explore its mysteries. The depth and grandeur of space stretched out before us, reminding us of the minuscule nature of our existence in the universe.

As we traversed through the cosmic void, weightlessness engulfed our bodies, releasing us from the Earth’s gravitational pull. Every movement became a ballet, effortlessly gliding from one corner of the spacecraft to another. The sensation was both exhilarating and disorienting as if the boundaries of physical limitations had dissolved.

The silence in space was profound, a symphony of tranquility. Without the interference of atmospheric sounds, we were left with the gentle hum of the spaceship’s systems and the rhythmic beating of our own hearts. It was a humbling reminder of the vastness and serenity that lay beyond our home planet.

Farther into our journey, celestial bodies came into view, captivating us with their sheer beauty. The fiery hues of neighboring planets illuminated the darkness, displaying their own distinct personalities. We marveled at the majestic rings of Saturn, a delicate masterpiece encircling the giant planet, and the crimson swirls of Jupiter, a tempestuous giant with its own cosmic dance.

Time seemed to lose its grip on the vastness of space. Hours felt like mere moments as we traveled through light-years, witnessing the unimaginable beauty of celestial phenomena. We were reminded of the sheer magnitude of the cosmos, a testament to the wonders that lie beyond our earthly confines.

Eventually, the time came for us to return to our home planet. As we reentered Earth’s atmosphere, the fiery descent illuminated the sky, marking our triumphant return. The journey through space left an everlasting mark on our souls, forever changing our perception of our place in the universe.

Our journey was more than a physical exploration; it was a voyage of wonder and introspection. It taught us the fragility and interconnectedness of all things and ignited an insatiable curiosity to continue unraveling the mysteries of the cosmos. We were forever transformed by the immensity and beauty that awaited us beyond our pale blue dot in the vast expanse of space.

After writing the essay, it’s important to edit and proofread it, which is a not easy. If you find essay editing challenging, you can consider taking the help of an essay editing service .  

Want to keep reading? Here are the newest articles we’ve worked on:

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Best Descriptive Essays: Examples & How-to Guide [+ Tips]

A descriptive essay is an academic paper that challenges a school or college student to describe something. It can be a person, a place, an object, a situation—anything an individual can depict in writing. The task is to show your abilities to communicate an experience in an essay format using vivid, illustrative language.

To understand how to write this paper, you’ll need to study some descriptive essay examples for college. Besides, you need to contemplate these aspects:

• how someone or somewhere looks;
• what happens with the person or place;
• what historical record you can add, if at all possible.

Our team has prepared this guide so that you’ll manage to write a famous descriptive essay. Learn how to outline your paper, nail the structure and the thesis statement. See the tips and explanations below, along with descriptive essay samples.

• 🖌️ Why Descriptive?

Research & Prepare

Outline your essay, write descriptively, revise & polish.

• 🖼️ Essay Examples

🖌️ What Makes an Essay Descriptive?

It’s time to make clear what we mean by a descriptive essay . For example, let’s suppose we were asked to write about a sports stadium. Here are two introductions we might come up with:

Example 1: A stadium is a place where sports, concerts, or other events take place. Usually, there will be a field or a stage, which most often will be surrounded completely or partially by a structure where spectators can sit or stand to watch.

Example 2: American sports nuts got what was probably their first sight of Twickenham rugby stadium when the Rugby World Cup Final was played there in 2015. Rugby has been played at Whitton Road in Twickenham since 1907, and the first international match took place three years later in 1910; when no game was scheduled, horses grazed the pitch. What is now the shining steel and glass double-decker West Stand was still, in the 1960s, a car park. Currently one of the world’s most state-of-the-art grounds, Twickenham holds 82,000 people, and it’s no longer horses when rugby is not being played but world-famous bands like U2, The Rolling Stones, and Bon Jovi who fill the place.

The first introduction is excellent for analytical essays as it’s a definition of what a sports stadium is. The second one depicts a specific stadium, and that – that act of describing – is what makes it descriptive.

When you’re writing a descriptive essay, it’s the style of the second example and not the first that you should be striving for. Try to use living, vivid language to draw a picture in words of whatever it is you’re writing about.

🎨 How to Write Good Descriptive Essays

When you’re writing a paper, the standard advice would be:

• Say what you’re going to tell your reader.
• Say what you’ve told your reader.

The same fundamental structure applies to a descriptive essay. Yet, there are numerous nuances that you should keep in mind to produce an outstanding paper. In the following sections, we’ll elaborate on them in detail.

So, you are ready to write your excellent descriptive essay, but you don’t know how to start? Don’t be lost. While writing any kind of paper, start with the research and preparation. Take a look at our tips!

• Consider the topic that you’re working with. Whether it’s assigned or picked by you, make sure you understand it completely. Make sure that it’s a descriptive essay that you’re supposed to write.
• Have a brainstorming session. Jot down some notes on what you think about the matter. Some of them will be useless, but it’s okay: among all the ideas, you’ll find something useful for your paper.
• Do some research. Find out what other people think about the place or event, if possible. Make notes about essential historical facts and people’s opinions.
• Add details. A good descriptive essay should be full of specifics. So, include background information, dates, names, physical characteristics, etc. This trick will help the reader to dive deep into the story and get the idea better.
• Are you going to go with your perspective?
• Are you going to go with other people’s opinions?
• Would the best result for this particular essay come from weighing the options? (So, you’d write, “Some people think this and some people believe in that ).

After all these steps, you’ll have enough material to create your descriptive essay structure.

When you have enough facts and memories, you can move on to the next step – outlining. We highly recommend you create an outline before you start writing an essay. It will help you to structure your ideas logically and coherently.

Your essay outline should include the following elements:

• Introduction . A good introduction should be catchy and concise. Start with the hook—an attention-grabbing element (rhetorical question, joke, statistics, etc.). Then, provide the general background and highlight the issues your essay will cover. End your intro with a clear thesis statement—a sentence that reflects your position.
• Body paragraphs . Each body paragraph should contain only one idea and start from the topic sentence, so the reader knows what to focus on. Make your body paragraphs full of details and specific examples. Don’t be too general because you risk losing the reader’s attention very fast.
• Conclusion . Wrap up your essay by restating the main points and summarizing your key ideas. Don’t include any new facts in the last paragraph. If you suspect that you miss an essential argument, better add it in the body.

Besides having a good structure, the best descriptive essay should be composed of strong and dynamic words. In this section, we will explain how to make your paper illustrative and memorable.

To make your writing descriptive , try the following:

• Choose your POV.

Decide who is the narrator of your story and filter the vocabulary through the narrator’s perspective. For example, you are describing your memories of childhood. Thus, your character is a child. Think how the kid’s perception of the world differs from reality and try to convey the feelings using appropriate words. Note that you can still write in the third person.

• Rely on precise words.

Avoid too abstract terms and general words. Instead, use dynamic vocabulary that precisely conveys your feelings. For example, you might write, “I felt bad.” Let’s make it more specific! How about writing, “I felt exhausted/ horrified/ anxious/ sick/ stressed, etc.”?

• Use figures of speech.

Don’t forget about the wide variety of literary devices! Use comparisons, metaphors, onomatopoeia, or exaggeration. You might say, “my girlfriend has beautiful eyes.” But Shakspeare would say. “My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun” ( Sonnet, 130 ). Strive to be this creative!

• Keep connotations and variations in mind.

Use the richness of the language to improve your creative writing skills. English is full of synonyms and various grammar structures. Take the maximum benefit from them. BUT! Avoid using the word if you are unsure about its meaning.

• Compare and contrast.

Nothing can help to describe things better than comparison. So, deepen your sentences by examining the contrast and similarities between the objects or emotions.

• Implement sensory details.

Do you remember the five basic human senses? They are sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell. Rather than just telling the story, try to appeal to the reader’s five senses. This trick will help you to make the audience more engaged in your narrative.

When you reach the end, you haven’t finished. What you’ve done is to create the first version of your descriptive essay. Professional writers know how vital the first draft is because it isn’t possible to edit a blank page.

To revise and polish your text, follow these steps:

• Check the structure. Your essay has to contain all the fundamental parts (introduction, main body, conclusion). Also, make sure that there are transitions between the key points and topic sentences at the beginning of each paragraph.
• Check the balance. All the essay parts should be approximate of the same significance. Keep in mind that each point should have the same number of details and arguments.
• Make sure you explored all the points. Read your introduction, paying extra attention to the thesis statement. Then, look through the entire essay and check whether you discussed every aspect you introduced in the first paragraph.
• Examine your information. Every piece of data and detail has to be valid. Make sure your arguments are logical, and your examples are appropriate. If something seems weak, rewrite it or consider cutting that part down.
• Polish your conclusion. The last paragraph of your essay should correspond to the introduction. Moreover, it should summarize your points and make a final impression on the reader. Make your conclusion memorable and dynamic.

You may go through this revision and rewriting process several times. Or you may become so skilled at writing descriptive essays that you’re good to go after the first revision.

🖼️ Famous Descriptive Essay Examples

Now that we’ve discussed how to write a descriptive essay, we should tell you the last crucial tip. Your chances of composing a perfect paper are low when you don’t check the samples first.

Here, you can find specific descriptive essay examples in these guides:

• Coral Reef Essay :

Do you admire wildlife? Are you fascinated by the divine beauty of the sea and ocean creatures? If you have a task to write about nature, or you can choose the topic yourself, think about composing a descriptive essay about coral reefs!

• Harriet Tubman Essay :

Do you need to talk about an outstanding historical figure? Or you need to compose a descriptive essay about a person? Choose an American political activist Harriet Tubman. Her biography and achievements won’t leave you indifferent!

• Americanism Essay :

Americanism is one of the most common paper topics for college students in the U.S. Has your instructor gave you the assignment to write about the USA identity? Compose a descriptive essay on Americanism!

• Halloween Essay :

Everybody loves holidays! And the teachers like to give the tasks to write about them. If you are wondering what celebration to select, consider choosing Halloween. It offers a bunch of traditions to describe.

Descriptive Essay Topics

• Description of punk culture.
• The beauty of Dresden.
• Give a description of Sweetbay Magnolia ornamental tree.
• Memorable design of Apple Company’s logo.  
• Representation of emotions while viewing art or nature.  
• Describe the Paricutín volcano .
• Give a description of Diana Krall’s concert at Jazz Festival in San Sebastián.
• Compare the interior and exterior of the Palatine Chapel and St. Michael’s Chapel.
• Discuss the design principles and visual elements of the Baptistery of San Giovanni’s south doors.
• The unusual style of the Graduate House of the University of Toronto. 
• The description of the Jewish religious service.
• The magnificence of the Great Barrier Reef in Australia.  
• The overview of my dream car .
• Discuss the design of Britam Tower in Nairobi.  
• An exceptional scenery of the Lake Geneva, Switzerland.
• Description and analysis of the film The Joker .
• The day I was buying a laptop .
• Give a description of main types of friendship .
• Main holidays in Pakistan and how they are celebrated.
• The historical atmosphere of Ellis Island.
• The unique culture of Cook Island inhabitants.
• Describe the impressions of the picture.
• Describe traditions and culture of the Kootenai Indians.
• What does my dream home look like?
• Discuss the visual elements of Lady Sennuwy statue .
• Balinese wedding ceremonies and traditions.
• Recount your first day at college .
• Describe and analyze Susan Anthony’s life and achievements .
• The unique beauty of the Amazon rainforest .
• The important elements of the Haitian flag.  
• Values and specifics of Brazilian culture .
• The magnificence of Shark Valley.  
• Describe the activities and personality of Eleanor Roosevelt.  
• Describe the writing process.
• The peculiarities of a tapa and it’s role in cultural ceremonies.
• Give the description of the statue of Osiris-Antinous.
• Discuss the Ways of Christmas Sweater Day celebration.  
• What impresses you the most in Cézanne’s art.
• Description of Atlantis Paradise Island site .
• Describe the peculiarities of your favorite music.
• Analyze the characteristics of contemporary design in Evolution Queen Wall Bed.
• Movements, symbolism, and transformation of the Chinese Dragon Dance and Lion Dance.  
• Describe the falling in love process.
• Narrate about your first try to ride a bicycle .
• Representation of the ancient Greek design: the marble column from the Temple of Artemis at Sardis.  
• Discuss the thematic elements of Indian Fire God painting by Frederic Remington.
• The personality and art of Tracey Emin.  
• Describe the history of PayPal company. 
• Describe the features and historical meaning of the Column of Trajan.  
• Overview of the painting Toy Pieta by Scott Avett.

In case these ideas aren’t for you, you can find more descriptive essay topics on our website.

Thanks for visiting our page! Share it with your friends and explore the other articles on our website. We have more useful information for you.

🔗 References

• Descriptive Writing, Organization and Structure: Writing Center, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
• Examples of How to Write a Good Descriptive Paragraph: Richard Nordquist, ThoughtCo
• How Can I Write More Descriptively: Sweetland Center for Writing, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, the University of Michigan
• Revising the Draft: Laura Saltz, the Writing Center at Harvard University
• Descriptive Essays: Purdue Writing Lab, College of Liberal Arts, Purdue University
• Paragraph Development, Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper: Research Guides at the University of Southern California
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Descriptive Essay

Descriptive Essay Writing

Last updated on: Feb 9, 2023

How To Write An Impactful Descriptive Essay?

By: Cathy A.

12 min read

Reviewed By: Melisa C.

Published on: Dec 17, 2019

Wondering how to write an impressive descriptive essay? Writing a descriptive essay is both fun and challenging. You need to describe the main topic in detail and by engaging the five senses of the readers.

Students usually get this type of essay in high school and college. Writing a descriptive essay is different from other essays.

You need to focus on describing a certain person, place, or event.

Luckily for you, the following blog post will provide some helpful tips on how to create an engaging essay.

Continue reading to learn how to write an A-worthy descriptive essay.

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What is a Descriptive Essay?

A descriptive essay is a detailed paper that describes a place, person, situation, object, or emotion. Different people have different points of view and your job is to explain yours in detail.

You may be asked to write a descriptive essay about the beach or forest or about a person or situation. The purpose of this essay is to test the writer’s ability in expressing and explaining their experiences.

Descriptive writing should create a picture in the reader’s mind. You may be required to write a descriptive essay as a high school or college essay assignment.

For a compelling essay, using adjectives and adverbs, details, and figurative language is fundamental. Without proper usage of words, you will not be able to invoke the readers' emotions.

What is the Purpose of a Descriptive Essay?

The purpose of a descriptive essay is to describe a person, place, or personal experience in vivid detail so that the reader can create a picture in his mind.

The descriptive essay is written to get the reader to understand by using descriptive language. It is different from narrative essays, where the writer tells the story about someone else. Usually, it starts with a real-life event and then the content follows the author's imagination.

Descriptive essays are not intended to persuade the reader or show facts and figures to prove something. Descriptive essays are like word paintings that contain personal and descriptive details and these are mostly assigned to students of creative writing.

How to Start a Descriptive Essay

A strong start for your descriptive essay is essential. Analyze your topic from every angle and document the following details:

Analyze the main subjects in detail and observe minute things.

• Start with observing all the possible aspects of the subject.
• Don't just observe the object but also its surroundings.
• Focus on details and features of the subject and develop opinions about them.
• Be thoughtful; this first step will be the basis for the essay.

Physical Settings

Describing the physical settings is a must in a descriptive essay. When describing, keep the following points in mind.

• Focus on the subject's position and observe nearby objects
• Note the time of day and kind of lighting: natural or imitated
• Physical settings: all the basic and decorative elements
• The position and shape of the objects
• Alignment and any other observable information

Physical Features

When describing the physical features of the subject, living or nonliving, consider the following points.

• Living or nonliving; describe the features in detail
• The subject's skin color, texture, smoothness, expression, and age
• The features of inanimate objects in the picture, color, surface, and texture

Create Drama

Storytelling and drama are the life and blood of a good descriptive essay. It turns your essay into an exciting and interesting piece of writing. However, be subtle about adding drama to your sentence structure and add it to complement your story only.

Focus On Your Feelings

Focus on how you feel about the particular topic or person and stick to it. It is easy to get involved when working on the essay. But, focus on your own feelings and write an essay based on them.

Use Of Specific Vocabulary

Vocabulary is important. Select the best words for describing an action or object. Don't always use the first word that comes to mind.

Write slowly and thoughtfully, and use specific words to convey your thoughts.

Psychological Aspects

Writing about a certain situation or behavior of a person focuses on the mental aspects and emotions involved in them.

For Example, describe your emotions when your friend misplaced your notes right before the exam.

You may have had several emotions in that incident. Maybe you were prepared for exams, but this situation put you under pressure and made you feel frustrated and hurt.

Explore those emotions and describe the feelings they aroused. Describe the body language also, if relevant.

Ask Yourself, WHY?

This is the most valuable tip for students. When you are looking at a particular subject, and having difficulty analyzing its aspects, ask yourself "WHY".

• Why is the subject the way it is?
• Why does the person you are describing have such a deep-set and cold eyes?
• Why is the animal so wounded and terrified?
• Why is this particular place famous?

It is a good practice and after some time you will do it naturally. Knowing the why is important if you want to describe your topic properly.

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How To Write A Descriptive Essay?

When you write a descriptive essay, you help your readers visualize an event, a person, or a story. It is written to make your readers feel what you feel about the respective subject.

A descriptive essay seeks to appeal to some or all of the audience’s five senses. Some key things to consider are:

• Discussing your subject thoroughly
• Focusing on details and adding them in your essay
• Sharing your personal feelings and experience about the subject
• Observing and describing all sensory details of your subject

Here are the steps to write a descriptive essay easily.

1- Choose an Engaging and Focused Essay Topic

An important step that all strong descriptive essays share is having a focused topic. Before you make the outline, identify the purpose of your essay and use it to create an appropriate thesis statement.This type of paper does not require much personal opinion from you. Its main goal should be focusing on information that will make a dominant impression in readers' minds instead.

2- Research and Gather Important Details

When writing a descriptive essay, it is important to make sure you include as many details and sensory information as possible. This helps your reader fully understand the images that are being presented in their mind's eye.You can organize these ideas into categories so they're easy for you to access when needed.

3- Create an Outline of Your Essay

Your essays must be organized by having subheadings that are clear and concise. Group your main points into individual body paragraphs, each of which should only cover one idea or topic at a time.

4- Write your Essay’s Introduction

A good introductory paragraph is much like a road map because it provides direction to your readers.

It provides relevant background information before diving into more specific details related to how something works or why something happens. These could include statistics or stories from real-life scenarios.

5- Write the Main Body Section of Your Essay

Each body paragraph should start with a topic sentence that keeps the reader hooked on what you are saying. Use specific details instead of making generalized statements, and make sure to give examples if necessary.

6- End with a Strong Conclusion

The conclusion of an essay is the final paragraph, and it should summarize all that you have said throughout. It's a good idea to restate the main points and key details from the essay in this section.

It is important so the reader has everything they need for better understanding before ending off on something new.

If necessary be sure not to introduce anything odd or unusual, to avoid any confusion.

7- Proofread and Revise the Essay Carefully

Once you are done writing the essay, proofread and revise it carefully. Make sure that it is free from all kinds of errors.

Descriptive Essay Outline

Like all the other essays, a descriptive essay also follows the usual 5-paragraph essay structure and format.Before starting, it is important to create an outline. Following are the fundamental elements of your descriptive essay outline:

Descriptive Essay Introduction

The introduction sets the footing for the entire essay. Before heading towards the body section, the reader will come across the introduction.

It is the first impression of your work. It is very important to write an engaging introduction so that the readers read the essay till the end.

Start the essay in an easy-to-understand way and language. Provide background information on your topic so they can understand it and its importance.

To make sure the reader feels your emotions and decides to continue reading further, incorporate the following points in your introduction.

The following tips will guide you on how to write a good introduction for a descriptive essay.

• Attract the reader's attention with an interesting fact, phrase, or quote
• Don't bombard them with information
• Go straight to the main pointsInclude enough information to introduce the topic and its significance.
• Summarize the argument and the main topic and craft your thesis statement

Descriptive Essay Thesis Statement

A thesis statement is an integral part of your essay. It focuses on the argument and the writer’s main idea, which is to be discussed in the essay.

This statement also provides the writer with a chance of explaining the purpose and scope of the topic. It is intriguing and engaging.

A thesis statement is written at the end of the introduction, it is mainly a single sentence that describes the essay objective. The thesis statement should act as a guide to the reader on what to expect in the essay body. It is like a table of contents of a book, to the reader on contents you will get an idea of what the book is all about so you get to understand it better.

It is like a table of contents of a book. By reading it, you will get an idea of what the book is all about.

A good thesis should contain the following things:

• Define the essay scope - it should narrow down all the points to clarify its purpose.
• Avoid using common words - you should be creative with your choice of words.
• Create suspense - it should attract the reader to the body paragraphs of the essay.

For further information on how to write a thesis for a descriptive essay, check out the following examples.

• Descriptive essay example about a Place

“Even though monarchy is long gone, Buckingham Palace is here to remind us of the aesthetic beauty of that era.”

• Descriptive essay example about a Person

“One of the characteristics of Spider-Man is his youthfulness, and the fact that he talks to himself more than Hamlet.”

• Descriptive essay example about an Emotion

“For numerous reasons, the dark forest is my greatest fear, though not a fear which is necessarily smart to face.”

Descriptive Essay Body Paragraphs

Body paragraphs of the essay come next after the introduction and thesis statement. It is the main part that continues your essay.

Usually, an essay consists of three body paragraphs but you can add more if needed.

Don't add more than one central idea in one paragraph. Fusing different ideas will confuse the reader.

Build your paragraphs according to the thesis and introduction.

• Start each body paragraph with the main sentence
• Use transitions to move between paragraphs smoothly
• Each paragraph should be five to six sentences long

Descriptive Essay Conclusion

The concluding paragraph is the last part of an essay, and probably your last chance to impress your reader.

The last part that the reader can keep in mind is the conclusion, which is as important as the rest of the essay.

To make it interesting and thought-provoking, include the following points:

• Restate the thesis statement
• Summarize the main points
• Add an intriguing closing statement

After writing the conclusion, make a review of your essay, identify the mistakes and maintain a good tone throughout the essay.

Descriptive Essay Format Sample

Here is the descriptive essay format to help you understand how you can write a winning descriptive essay.

DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY FORMAT (PDF)

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Descriptive Essay Topics Ideas

Descriptive essay topics are often related to physical settings, locations, living beings, and objects.

Make sure that your essay includes the five senses, touch, taste, smell, sight, hearing, or at least one of them. It depends on the topic and the kind of feeling that you want to arouse.

Below are some descriptive essay ideas and ways to achieve them.

Living Beings

When you want to write about a person like a family member, consider the following elements:

• Gender, age, complexion, and expressions
• Physical features
• Height, body type, and approximate weight
• Kind of clothes

These details will add depth to the description and your readers will actually see your narrative.

When animals are the subject, you can add the above points plus the following details:

• Species and animal
• Size, weight, color
• Behavior patterns
• Temperament
• Trained or wild?
• Real or fictional?

Inanimate Subjects

Geographic locations and structures.

When your subject is a place or a building, add the following points:

• Research about the place and its historical background
• The color and the building's type
• A famous place or landmark to draw a comparison and inspire interest

Human behavior and psychology is a compelling descriptive essay subject. When writing about it:

• Describe the consequences of a particular behavior
• Discuss the emotional dimension of the topic and how you perceive it personally

Event Or Travel Experience

A travel experience makes a good descriptive essay since you have experienced the event first hand.

Give a detailed description of the place, people at the venue, and the atmosphere of the location.

Idea, Concept, or Occupation

When writing on such topics, focus on how an idea or concept affects society and its different aspects.

Example Descriptive Essay Topics for Students

Choosing a topic for your descriptive essay is quite interesting. You get to choose something that you have an emotional connection with.

When writing a descriptive essay about a person or place, adding their personal traits will be helpful.

Some examples of descriptive essay topics include:

• Compose a detailed descriptive essay about your best friend.
• Describe a fancy place that you have created.
• Describe your dream vacation destination.
• Describe your favorite mall or store.
• Describe your childhood home.
• Descriptive essay about nature.
• Descriptive essay about a place you visited.
• Describe the personality of your Maths teacher.
• Discuss the main characters of your favorite movie.
• Descriptive essay about chocolate.
• Write an essay using unique Words to describe yourself.
• What makes me unique?
• My first love.

Descriptive Essay Examples

Study these descriptive essay examples and sample papers to understand the main idea, structure, and purpose of descriptive essays.

DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY ON MARKET (PDF)

DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY EXAMPLE PERSON (PDF)

To help you understand how to write a great descriptive essay, we have a whole blog post dedicated to it. We know that talking about something is one thing and demonstrating it is completely different.

Having a descriptive essay assignment with a short deadline? Looking for someone to do my essay for me ?

5StarEssays.com academic writing professionals are ready to help you. They read the essay details before writing and make sure that they incorporate all the details in it.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the features of a descriptive essay.

A descriptive essay provides a perfect opportunity for writers to express their feelings on any subject. Descriptive writing has rich sensory details which appeal to all of your senses.

How do you start a descriptive essay introduction?

The introduction to the descriptive essay should set the scene and introduce the main topic. You can use these sensory details to get a sense of what the essay is all about.

What are the two types of descriptive essays?

There are two types of descriptive essays. The first type deals with people, and the second one is about objects.

What are the elements of a descriptive essay?

Here are the key elements of a descriptive essay.

• Sensory details
• Figurative language
• Central and main theme
• Precise and clear language
• Proper organization of ideas

What makes good descriptive writing?

Good and effective descriptive writing consists of vivid sensory details that appeal to all senses including the sense of sight, smell, touch, hearing, and taste. Moreover, these essays also explain people’s feelings in writing.

Finance Essay, Literature

Cathy has been been working as an author on our platform for over five years now. She has a Masters degree in mass communication and is well-versed in the art of writing. Cathy is a professional who takes her work seriously and is widely appreciated by clients for her excellent writing skills.

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Road Accident Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on road accident.

Essay on Road Accident: Road accidents have become very common nowadays. As more and people are buying automobiles, the incidences of road accidents are just increasing day by day. Furthermore, people have also become more careless now. Not many people follow the traffic rules. Especially in big cities, there are various modes of transports. Moreover, the roads are becoming narrower and the cities have become more populated.

Thus, road accidents are bound to happen. You pick up a newspaper and you will find at least one or two news about road accidents daily. They cause loss of life as well as material. People need to be more careful when on the road, no matter which mode of transport you are from. Even the ones on foot are not safe because of the rise in these incidences. Every day people witness accidents in the news, from relatives and even with their own eyes.

Road Accident Incident

Once I was on my way back home from festive shopping when I witnessed a road accident. I was with my sister and it was around 6 o’ clock in the evening. In the middle of the road, we saw a crowd surrounding something. We weren’t quite sure what was happening as the first thought that came to our mind was that it was probably a quarrel between two men. However, when we reached the spot, we found out an accident had taken place.

Subsequently, the police arrived as the people had caught the driver and were beating him up. After the police came, they caught hold of the driver and asked about the incident. Later, we came to know that the driver was drunk. The police detained him and went to the hospital for a statement. Fortunately, the driver was declared out of danger. The doctors dressed his wounds and informed that he was still in shock.

That incident made me realize how precious our lives are. In addition, as to how we take it for granted. We must all be very careful when on road, on foot or by a car that does not matter. We can adopt measures that will prevent road accidents.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Road Accident Prevention

We need to prevent road accidents to decrease the death rate. Every year thousands of people lose their lives to road accidents. Children must be taught from an early age about traffic rules. They must be taught the value of life and how they can safeguard it.

Moreover, the government must pass more stringent laws for people who disobey traffic rules. They must fine people heavily or take strict action when found guilty of breaking these laws irrespective of gender.

Similarly, parents must set an example for the younger ones by not using phones while driving. Also, they must always wear their helmets and seatbelts to avoid the chances of an accident.

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Moscow's 15 Biggest Problems (Photo Essay)

Moscow is a magnet, attracting people from across Russia and other parts of the former Soviet Union who see the city and its thriving economy as an opportunity to build a better life.

But not everyone is happy about this inflow, including people who have turned Russia's largest city into their adopted home, according to Levada Center, an independent pollster.

Indeed, Moscow residents consistently complain that an influx of migrants from former Soviet republics in Central Asia and Russia's own North Caucasus is their main concern, Levada found in three surveys conducted over the course of the past five years.

The way things are going, the complaints will only grow, said Natalya Zorkaya, a Levada Center sociologist.

"Physical attacks and other forms of aggression against these visitors could grow because of corruption in law enforcement agencies, an unclear immigration policy and uncontrolled employers combined with campaigns that stress the government is waging war against illegal immigration," she said.

But migrants are not the only issue that bothers Moscow residents, who number 11.5 million, according to the latest 2010 census. Other worries include growing prices for utility bills, traffic jams and high prices for basic products.

Here is a look at the top 15 problems of living in Moscow.

Note: The surveys, each of which quizzed 1,000 Muscovites aged 18 or older, were conducted in January 2009, November 2011 and July 2013. Respondents were asked to identify the five or six most significant problems facing the city today. The margin of error for each poll is 4.8 percentage points.

1. Number of migrants from Central Asia and the North Caucasus (2009-39% — 2011-44% — 2013-55%)

About 1.5 million guest workers were registered in Moscow and the Moscow region in 2013, while just 600,000 of them holding work permits, according to the Federal Migration Service. If illegal migrants are included, the number of migrants is estimated at be closer to 3 million. Muscovites worry that the influx of guest workers lead to a shortage of jobs and increase crime.

2. Growth in prices for utility bills (45% — 44% — 43%)

The government has long subsidized utility prices, a practice that has carried over from Soviet times. But people, including Muscovites, are now being asked to pay their fair share. People now spend about 10 percent of their income on utility bills, one of the highest rates in the world, while prices for electricity and gas in Russia are among the lowest.

3. Traffic jams (42% — 54% — 38%)

Some people say that the life in Moscow and traffic jams are synonyms. As a result of the complicated traffic situation in the capital, President Vladimir Putin promised last spring to use a helicopter instead of a car so as to avoid hindering other drivers with his convoy.

4. High prices for basic products (61% — 48% — 35%)

Russians spend 30.3 percent of their salaries on food, while citizens of leading European countries spend just 10 percent, putting Russia in 29th place among 40 European countries in how much of a household's personal income goes for food, according to a study by RIA Novosti late last last year. In Moscow, where 70 percent of all food is imported from abroad, the costs of food can be sky high.

5. Low wages (31% — 21% — 29%)

The average monthly salary in Moscow is 57,000 rubles ($1,620), twice as high as in the rest of the country. But around 10 percent of Muscovites still don't earn a living wage of 10,500 rubles ($297). The minimum wage in Moscow is 12,600 rubles ($358) as of Jan. 1.

6. High housing prices (27%)

The cheapest apartment — covering 34 square meters and located 20 kilometers from downtown — cost 3.7 million rubles ($105,215) in mid-2013, according to Miel real estate brokers. The average price of a square meter in the capital is $5,730, and a one-room apartment rents for $700 to $1,000 a month.

7. Growing drug and alcohol addiction (25% — 28% — 22%)

No one knows for sure how bad of a problem are posed by drugs and alcohol in Moscow. The official figures are bleak but widely thought to underestimate the problem: Alcoholics comprise at least 5 percent of the population, and alcohol caused more than 1,250 deaths in the first half of 2013, the most recent period for which figures are available. A total of 38,000 drug users are registered in the city.

8. Shortage of doctors and poor medical treatment (16% — 27% — 22%)

Despite the official statistics show a surplus in physicians in Moscow, everybody can see that outpatient clinics are understaffed, Deputy Moscow Mayor Leonid Pechatnikov said in December. He linked the shortage to the fact that many clinics are under-equipped, making them unpopular among doctors who seek prospects for further career growth.

9. Housing shortage (19% — 25% — 17%)

More than 1 million square meters of new housing was built in Moscow last year. Although this provided a sufficient number of apartments, 44 percent of the new housing is business class, 33 percent elite and 20 percent comfort. Just 3 percent of the new housing is economy class.

10. Poor roads (12% — 22% — 17%)

Nearly 100 million square meters of roads were repaired from 2010 to 2013, according to the Moscow city government. Nevertheless, the quality of Moscow roads remains poor. The cause can be manifold: adverse weather conditions, the quantity of cars, or even the interest of road-repair companies to see endless business.

11. Widening gap between the rich and the poor (37% — 19% — 17%)

According to the Federal Statistics Service, 20 percent of the richest people in Moscow earn 54 percent of all the income, while the 20 percent poorest earn less than 4 percent.

12. Homeless people and panhandlers (19% — 33% — 17%)

Officially, 20,000 homeless people lived in Moscow at the end of 2013, but City Hall's social services says the number is twice as high and growing. Native Muscovites make up 9 percent of the number, while another 8 percent are people who moved here and once were registered here.

13. Noise and exhaust fumes from cars (14% — 22% — 16%)

Cars, trucks, buses and motorcycles seem to be forever clogging the roads — and the clean air. Moreover, according to City Hall data, traffic noise levels break the norm in 70 percent of the city.

14. Poor condition of public utilities (15% — 17% — 15%)

President Vladimir Putin acknowledged that public utilities posed a serious challenge last year, saying, "Problems with public utilities have always been grave. This is how it was before October 1917, during the entire era of the Soviet Union, and how it remains until today." Moscow is luckier than many other Russian cities, but the problem still remains.

15. Lack of parking (15% — 17% — 15%)

A total of 3.5 million cars are registered in Moscow, and another 600,000 to 800,000 enter from the Moscow region alone every day. With 1.7 million parking spaces in the city, it's perhaps no wonder that drivers are forced to park on sidewalks and in busy streets.

… we have a small favor to ask. As you may have heard, The Moscow Times, an independent news source for over 30 years, has been unjustly branded as a "foreign agent" by the Russian government. This blatant attempt to silence our voice is a direct assault on the integrity of journalism and the values we hold dear.

We, the journalists of The Moscow Times, refuse to be silenced. Our commitment to providing accurate and unbiased reporting on Russia remains unshaken. But we need your help to continue our critical mission.

Your support, no matter how small, makes a world of difference. If you can, please support us monthly starting from just $ 2. It's quick to set up, and you can be confident that you're making a significant impact every month by supporting open, independent journalism. Thank you.

Remind me next month

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Home Numéros 59 1 - Tisser les liens : voyager, e... 36 Views of Moscow Mountain: Teac...

36 Views of Moscow Mountain: Teaching Travel Writing and Mindfulness in the Tradition of Hokusai and Thoreau

L'auteur américain Henry David Thoreau est un écrivain du voyage qui a rarement quitté sa ville natale de Concorde, Massachusetts, où il a vécu de 1817 à 1862. Son approche du "voyage" consiste à accorder une profonde attention à son environnement ordinaire et à voir le monde à partir de perspectives multiples, comme il l'explique avec subtilité dans Walden (1854). Inspiré par Thoreau et par la célèbre série de gravures du peintre d'estampes japonais Katsushika Hokusai, intitulée 36 vues du Mt. Fuji (1830-32), j'ai fait un cours sur "L'écriture thoreauvienne du voyage" à l'Université de l'Idaho, que j'appelle 36 vues des montagnes de Moscow: ou, Faire un grand voyage — l'esprit et le carnet ouvert — dans un petit lieu . Cet article explore la philosophie et les stratégies pédagogiques de ce cours, qui tente de partager avec les étudiants les vertus d'un regard neuf sur le monde, avec les yeux vraiment ouverts, avec le regard d'un voyageur, en "faisant un grand voyage" à Moscow, Idaho. Les étudiants affinent aussi leurs compétences d'écriture et apprennent les traditions littéraires et artistiques associées au voyage et au sens du lieu.

Index terms

Keywords: , designing a writing class to foster engagement.

1 The signs at the edge of town say, "Entering Moscow, Idaho. Population 25,060." This is a small hamlet in the midst of a sea of rolling hills, where farmers grow varieties of wheat, lentils, peas, and garbanzo beans, irrigated by natural rainfall. Although the town of Moscow has a somewhat cosmopolitan feel because of the presence of the University of Idaho (with its 13,000 students and a few thousand faculty and staff members), elegant restaurants, several bookstores and music stores, and a patchwork of artsy coffee shops on Main Street, the entire mini-metropolis has only about a dozen traffic lights and a single high school. As a professor of creative writing and the environmental humanities at the university, I have long been interested in finding ways to give special focuses to my writing and literature classes that will help my students think about the circumstances of their own lives and find not only academic meaning but personal significance in our subjects. I have recently taught graduate writing workshops on such themes as "The Body" and "Crisis," but when I was given the opportunity recently to teach an undergraduate writing class on Personal and Exploratory Writing, I decided to choose a focus that would bring me—and my students—back to one of the writers who has long been of central interest to me: Henry David Thoreau.

2 One of the courses I have routinely taught during the past six years is Environmental Writing, an undergraduate class that I offer as part of the university's Semester in the Wild Program, a unique undergraduate opportunity that sends a small group of students to study five courses (Ecology, Environmental History, Environmental Writing, Outdoor Leadership and Wilderness Survival, and Wilderness Management and Policy) at a remote research station located in the middle of the largest wilderness area (the Frank Church River of No Return Wilderness) in the United States south of Alaska. In "Teaching with Wolves," a recent article about the Semester in the Wild Program, I explained that my goal in the Environmental Writing class is to help the students "synthesize their experience in the wilderness with the content of the various classes" and "to think ahead to their professional lives and their lives as engaged citizens, for which critical thinking and communication skills are so important" (325). A foundational text for the Environmental Writing class is a selection from Thoreau's personal journal, specifically the entries he made October 1-20, 1853, which I collected in the 1993 writing textbook Being in the World: An Environmental Reader for Writers . I ask the students in the Semester in the Wild Program to deeply immerse themselves in Thoreau's precise and colorful descriptions of the physical world that is immediately present to him and, in turn, to engage with their immediate encounters with the world in their wilderness location. Thoreau's entries read like this:

Oct. 4. The maples are reddening, and birches yellowing. The mouse-ear in the shade in the middle of the day, so hoary, looks as if the frost still lay on it. Well it wears the frost. Bumblebees are on the Aster undulates , and gnats are dancing in the air. Oct. 5. The howling of the wind about the house just before a storm to-night sounds extremely like a loon on the pond. How fit! Oct. 6 and 7. Windy. Elms bare. (372)

3 In thinking ahead to my class on Personal and Exploratory Writing, which would be offered on the main campus of the University of Idaho in the fall semester of 2018, I wanted to find a topic that would instill in my students the Thoreauvian spirit of visceral engagement with the world, engagement on the physical, emotional, and philosophical levels, while still allowing my students to remain in the city and live their regular lives as students. It occurred to me that part of what makes Thoreau's journal, which he maintained almost daily from 1837 (when he was twenty years old) to 1861 (just a year before his death), such a rich and elegant work is his sense of being a traveler, even when not traveling geographically.

Traveling a Good Deal in Moscow

I have traveled a good deal in Concord…. --Henry David Thoreau, Walden (1854; 4)

4 For Thoreau, one did not need to travel a substantial physical distance in order to be a traveler, in order to bring a traveler's frame of mind to daily experience. His most famous book, Walden , is well known as an account of the author's ideas and daily experiments in simple living during the two years, two months, and two days (July 4, 1845, to September 6, 1847) he spent inhabiting a simple wooden house that he built on the shore of Walden Pond, a small lake to the west of Boston, Massachusetts. Walden Pond is not a remote location—it is not out in the wilderness. It is on the edge of a small village, much like Moscow, Idaho. The concept of "traveling a good deal in Concord" is a kind of philosophical and psychological riddle. What does it mean to travel extensively in such a small place? The answer to this question is meaningful not only to teachers hoping to design writing classes in the spirit of Thoreau but to all who are interested in travel as an experience and in the literary genre of travel writing.

5 Much of Walden is an exercise in deftly establishing a playful and intellectually challenging system of synonyms, an array of words—"economy," "deliberateness," "simplicity," "dawn," "awakening," "higher laws," etc.—that all add up to powerful probing of what it means to live a mindful and attentive life in the world. "Travel" serves as a key, if subtle, metaphor for the mindful life—it is a metaphor and also, in a sense, a clue: if we can achieve the traveler's perspective without going far afield, then we might accomplish a kind of enlightenment. Thoreau's interest in mindfulness becomes clear in chapter two of Walden , "Where I Lived, and What I Lived For," in which he writes, "Morning is when I am awake and there is a dawn in me. To be awake is to be alive. I have never yet met a man who was quite awake. How could I have looked him in the face?" The latter question implies the author's feeling that he is himself merely evolving as an awakened individual, not yet fully awake, or mindful, in his efforts to live "a poetic or divine life" (90). Thoreau proceeds to assert that "We must learn to reawaken and keep ourselves awake, not by mechanical aids, but by an infinite expectation of the dawn…. I know of no more encouraging fact than the unquestionable ability of man to elevate his life by a conscious endeavor" (90). Just what this endeavor might be is not immediately spelled out in the text, but the author does quickly point out the value of focusing on only a few activities or ideas at a time, so as not to let our lives be "frittered away by detail." He writes: "Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity! I say, let your affairs be as two or three, and not a hundred or a thousand; … and keep your accounts on your thumb nail" (91). The strong emphasis in the crucial second chapter of Walden is on the importance of waking up and living deliberately through a conscious effort to engage in particular activities that support such awakening. It occurs to me that "travel," or simply making one's way through town with the mindset of a traveler, could be one of these activities.

6 It is in the final chapter of the book, titled "Conclusion," that Thoreau makes clear the relationship between travel and living an attentive life. He begins the chapter by cataloguing the various physical locales throughout North America or around the world to which one might travel—Canada, Ohio, Colorado, and even Tierra del Fuego. But Thoreau states: "Our voyaging is only great-circle sailing, and the doctors prescribe for diseases of the skin merely. One hastens to Southern Africa to chase the giraffe; but surely that is not the game he would be after." What comes next is brief quotation from the seventeenth-century English poet William Habbington (but presented anonymously in Thoreau's text), which might be one of the most significant passages in the entire book:

Direct your eye sight inward, and you'll find A thousand regions in your mind Yet undiscovered. Travel them, and be Expert in home-cosmography. (320)

7 This admonition to travel the mysterious territory of one's own mind and master the strange cosmos of the self is actually a challenge to the reader—and probably to the author himself—to focus on self-reflection and small-scale, local movement as if such activities were akin to exploration on a grand, planetary scale. What is really at issue here is not the physical distance of one's journey, but the mental flexibility of one's approach to the world, one's ability to look at the world with a fresh, estranged point of view. Soon after his discussion of the virtues of interior travel, Thoreau explains why he left his simple home at Walden Pond after a few years of experimental living there, writing, "It is remarkable how easily and insensibly we fall into a particular route, and make a beaten track for ourselves" (323). In other words, no matter what we're doing in life, we can fall into a "beaten track" if we're not careful, thus failing to stay "awake."

8 As I thought about my writing class at the University of Idaho, I wondered how I might design a series of readings and writing exercises for university students that would somehow emulate the Thoreauvian objective of achieving ultra-mindfulness in a local environment. One of the greatest challenges in designing such a class is the fact that it took Thoreau himself many years to develop an attentiveness to his environment and his own emotional rhythms and an efficiency of expression that would enable him to describe such travel-without-travel, and I would have only sixteen weeks to achieve this with my own students. The first task, I decided, was to invite my students into the essential philosophical stance of the class, and I did this by asking my students to read the opening chapter of Walden ("Economy") in which he talks about traveling "a good deal" in his small New England village as well as the second chapter and the conclusion, which reveal the author's enthusiasm (some might even say obsession ) for trying to achieve an awakened condition and which, in the end, suggest that waking up to the meaning of one's life in the world might be best accomplished by attempting the paradoxical feat of becoming "expert in home-cosmography." As I stated it among the objectives for my course titled 36 Views of Moscow Mountain: Or, Traveling a Good Deal—with Open Minds and Notebooks—in a Small Place , one of our goals together (along with practicing nonfiction writing skills and learning about the genre of travel writing) would be to "Cultivate a ‘Thoreauvian' way of appreciating the subtleties of the ordinary world."

Windy. Elms Bare.

9 For me, the elegance and heightened sensitivity of Thoreau's engagement with place is most movingly exemplified in his journal, especially in the 1850s after he's mastered the art of observation and nuanced, efficient description of specific natural phenomena and environmental conditions. His early entries in the journal are abstract mini-essays on such topics as truth, beauty, and "The Poet," but over time the journal notations become so immersed in the direct experience of the more-than-human world, in daily sensory experiences, that the pronoun "I" even drops out of many of these records. Lawrence Buell aptly describes this Thoreauvian mode of expression as "self-relinquishment" (156) in his 1995 book The Environmental Imagination , suggesting such writing "question[s] the authority of the superintending consciousness. As such, it opens up the prospect of a thoroughgoing perceptual breakthrough, suggesting the possibility of a more ecocentric state of being than most of us have dreamed of" (144-45). By the time Thoreau wrote "Windy. Elms bare" (372) as his single entry for October 6 and 7, 1853, he had entered what we might call an "ecocentric zone of consciousness" in his work, attaining the ability to channel his complex perceptions of season change (including meteorology and botany and even his own emotional state) into brief, evocative prose.

10 I certainly do not expect my students to be able to do such writing after only a brief introduction to the course and to Thoreau's own methods of journal writing, but after laying the foundation of the Thoreauvian philosophy of nearby travel and explaining to my students what I call the "building blocks of the personal essay" (description, narration, and exposition), I ask them to engage in a preliminary journal-writing exercise that involves preparing five journal entries, each "a paragraph or two in length," that offer detailed physical descriptions of ordinary phenomena from their lives (plants, birds, buildings, street signs, people, food, etc.), emphasizing shape, color, movement or change, shadow, and sometimes sound, smell, taste, and/or touch. The goal of the journal entries, I tell the students, is to begin to get them thinking about close observation, vivid descriptive language, and the potential to give their later essays in the class an effective texture by balancing more abstract information and ideas with evocative descriptive passages and storytelling.

11 I am currently teaching this class, and I am writing this article in early September, as we are entering the fourth week of the semester. The students have just completed the journal-writing exercise and are now preparing to write the first of five brief essays on different aspects of Moscow that will eventually be braided together, as discrete sections of the longer piece, into a full-scale literary essay about Moscow, Idaho, from the perspective of a traveler. For the journal exercise, my students wrote some rather remarkable descriptive statements, which I think bodes well for their upcoming work. One student, Elizabeth Isakson, wrote stunning journal descriptions of a cup of coffee, her own feet, a lemon, a basil leaf, and a patch of grass. For instance, she wrote:

Steaming hot liquid poured into a mug. No cream, just black. Yet it appears the same brown as excretion. The texture tells another story with meniscus that fades from clear to gold and again brown. The smell is intoxicating for those who are addicted. Sweetness fills the nostrils; bitterness rushes over the tongue. The contrast somehow complements itself. Earthy undertones flower up, yet this beverage is much more satisfying than dirt. When the mug runs dry, specks of dark grounds remain swimming in the sunken meniscus. Steam no longer rises because energy has found a new home.

12 For the grassy lawn, she wrote:

Calico with shades of green, the grass is yellowing. Once vibrant, it's now speckled with straw. Sticking out are tall, seeding dandelions. Still some dips in the ground have maintained thick, soft patches of green. The light dances along falling down from the trees above, creating a stained-glass appearance made from various green shades. The individual blades are stiff enough to stand erect, but they will yield to even slight forces of wind or pressure. Made from several long strands seemingly fused together, some blades fray at the end, appearing brittle. But they do not simply break off; they hold fast to the blade to which they belong.

13 The point of this journal writing is for the students to look closely enough at ordinary reality to feel estranged from it, as if they have never before encountered (or attempted to describe) a cup of coffee or a field of grass—or a lemon or a basil leaf or their own body. Thus, the Thoreauvian objective of practicing home-cosmography begins to take shape. The familiar becomes exotic, note-worthy, and strangely beautiful, just as it often does for the geographical travel writer, whose adventures occur far away from where she or he normally lives. Travel, in a sense, is an antidote to complacency, to over-familiarity. But the premise of my class in Thoreauvian travel writing is that a slight shift of perspective can overcome the complacency we might naturally feel in our home surroundings. To accomplish this we need a certain degree of disorientation. This is the next challenge for our class.

The Blessing of Being Lost

14 Most of us take great pains to "get oriented" and "know where we're going," whether this is while running our daily errands or when thinking about the essential trajectories of our lives. We're often instructed by anxious parents to develop a sense of purpose and a sense of direction, if only for the sake of basic safety. But the traveler operates according to a somewhat different set of priorities, perhaps, elevating adventure and insight above basic comfort and security, at least to some degree. This certainly seems to be the case for the Thoreauvian traveler, or for Thoreau himself. In Walden , he writes:

…not until we are completely lost, or turned round,--for a man needs only be turned round once with his eyes shut in this world to be lost,--do we appreciate the vastness and strangeness of Nature. Every man has to learn the points of compass again as often as he awakes, whether from sleep or any abstraction. Not till we are lost, in other words, not till we have lost the world, do we begin to find ourselves, and realize where we are and the infinite extent of our relations. (171)

15 I could explicate this passage at length, but that's not really my purpose here. I read this as a celebration of salutary disorientation, of the potential to be lost in such a way as to deepen one's ability to pay attention to oneself and one's surroundings, natural and otherwise. If travel is to a great degree an experience uniquely capable of triggering attentiveness to our own physical and psychological condition, to other cultures and the minds and needs of other people, and to a million small details of our environment that we might take for granted at home but that accrue special significance when we're away, I would argue that much of this attentiveness is owed to the sense of being lost, even the fear of being lost, that often happens when we leave our normal habitat.

16 So in my class I try to help my students "get lost" in a positive way. Here in Moscow, the major local landmark is a place called Moscow Mountain, a forested ridge of land just north of town, running approximately twenty kilometers to the east of the city. Moscow "Mountain" does not really have a single, distinctive peak like a typical mountain—it is, as I say, more of a ridge than a pinnacle. When I began contemplating this class on Thoreauvian travel writing, the central concepts I had in mind were Thoreau's notion of traveling a good deal in Concord and also the idea of looking at a specific place from many different angles. The latter idea is not only Thoreauvian, but perhaps well captured in the eighteen-century Japanese artist Katsushika Hokusai's series of woodblock prints known as 36 Views of Mt. Fuji , which offers an array of different angles on the mountain itself and on other landscape features (lakes, the sea, forests, clouds, trees, wind) and human behavior which is represented in many of the prints, often with Mt. Fuji in the distant background or off to the side. In fact, I imagine Hokusai's approach to representing Mt. Fuji as so important to the concept of this travel writing class that I call the class "36 Views of Moscow Mountain," symbolizing the multiple approaches I'll be asking my students to take in contemplating and describing not only Moscow Mountain itself, but the culture and landscape and the essential experience of Moscow the town. The idea of using Hokusai's series of prints as a focal point of this class came to me, in part, from reading American studies scholar Cathy Davidson's 36 Views of Mount Fuji: On Finding Myself in Japan , a memoir that offers sixteen short essays about different facets of her life as a visiting professor in that island nation.

17 The first of five brief essays my students will prepare for the class is what I'm calling a "Moscow Mountain descriptive essay," building upon the small descriptive journal entries they've written recently. In this case, though, I am asking the students to describe the shapes and colors of the Moscow Mountain ridge, while also telling a brief story or two about their observations of the mountain, either by visiting the mountain itself to take a walk or a bike ride or by explaining how they glimpse portions of the darkly forested ridge in the distance while walking around the University of Idaho campus or doing things in town. In preparation for the Moscow Mountain essays, we read several essays or book chapters that emphasize "organizing principles" in writing, often the use of particular landscape features, such as trees or mountains, as a literary focal point. For instance, in David Gessner's "Soaring with Castro," from his 2007 book Soaring with Fidel: An Osprey Odyssey from Cape Cod to Cuba and Beyond , he not only refers to La Gran Piedra (a small mountain in southeastern Cuba) as a narrative focal point, but to the osprey, or fish eagle, itself and its migratory journey as an organizing principle for his literary project (203). Likewise, in his essay "I Climb a Tree and Become Dissatisfied with My Lot," Chicago author Leonard Dubkin writes about his decision, as a newly fired journalist, to climb up a tree in Chicago's Lincoln Park to observe and listen to the birds that gather in the green branches in the evening, despite the fact that most adults would consider this a strange and inappropriate activity. We also looked at several of Hokusai's woodblock prints and analyzed these together in class, trying to determine how the mountain served as an organizing principle for each print or whether there were other key features of the prints—clouds, ocean waves, hats and pieces of paper floating in the wind, humans bent over in labor—that dominate the images, with Fuji looking on in the distance.

18 I asked my students to think of Hokusai's representations of Mt. Fuji as aesthetic models, or metaphors, for what they might try to do in their brief (2-3 pages) literary essays about Moscow Mountain. What I soon discovered was that many of my students, even students who have spent their entire lives in Moscow, either were not aware of Moscow Mountain at all or had never actually set foot on the mountain. So we spent half an hour during one class session, walking to a vantage point on the university campus, where I could point out where the mountain is and we could discuss how one might begin to write about such a landscape feature in a literary essay. Although I had thought of the essay describing the mountain as a way of encouraging the students to think about a familiar landscape as an orienting device, I quickly learned that this will be a rather challenging exercise for many of the students, as it will force them to think about an object or a place that is easily visible during their ordinary lives, but that they typically ignore. Paying attention to the mountain, the ridge, will compel them to reorient themselves in this city and think about a background landscape feature that they've been taking for granted until now. I think of this as an act of disorientation or being lost—a process of rethinking their own presence in this town that has a nearby mountain that most of them seldom think about. I believe Thoreau would consider this a good, healthy experience, a way of being present anew in a familiar place.

36 Views—Or, When You Invert Your Head

19 Another key aspect of Hokusai's visual project and Thoreau's literary project is the idea of changing perspective. One can view Mt. Fuji from 36 different points of views, or from thousands of different perspectives, and it is never quite the same place—every perspective is original, fresh, mind-expanding. The impulse to shift perspective in pursuit of mindfulness is also ever-present in Thoreau's work, particularly in his personal journal and in Walden . This idea is particularly evident, to me, in the chapter of Walden titled "The Ponds," where he writes:

Standing on the smooth sandy beach at the east end of the pond, in a calm September afternoon, when a slight haze makes the opposite shore line indistinct, I have seen whence came the expression, "the glassy surface of a lake." When you invert your head, it looks like a thread of finest gossamer stretched across the valley, and gleaming against the distinct pine woods, separating one stratum of the atmosphere from another. (186)

20 Elsewhere in the chapter, Thoreau describes the view of the pond from the top of nearby hills and the shapes and colors of pebbles in the water when viewed from close up. He chances physical perspective again and again throughout the chapter, but it is in the act of looking upside down, actually suggesting that one might invert one's head, that he most vividly conveys the idea of looking at the world in different ways in order to be lost and awakened, just as the traveler to a distant land might feel lost and invigorated by such exposure to an unknown place.

21 After asking students to write their first essay about Moscow Mountain, I give them four additional short essays to write, each two to four pages long. We read short examples of place-based essays, some of them explicitly related to travel, and then the students work on their own essays on similar topics. The second short essay is about food—I call this the "Moscow Meal" essay. We read the final chapter of Michael Pollan's The Omnivore's Dilemma (2006), "The Perfect Meal," and Anthony Bourdain's chapter "Where Cooks Come From" in the book A Cook's Tour (2001) are two of the works we study in preparation for the food essay. The three remaining short essays including a "Moscow People" essay (exploring local characters are important facets of the place), a more philosophical essay about "the concept of Moscow," and a final "Moscow Encounter" essay that tells the story of a dramatic moment of interaction with a person, an animal, a memorable thing to eat or drink, a sunset, or something else. Along the way, we read the work of Wendell Berry, Joan Didion, Barbara Kingsolver, Kim Stafford, Paul Theroux, and other authors. Before each small essay is due, we spend a class session holding small-group workshops, allowing the students to discuss their essays-in-progress with each other and share portions of their manuscripts. The idea is that they will learn about writing even by talking with each other about their essays. In addition to writing about Moscow from various angles, they will learn about additional points of view by considering the angles of insight developed by their fellow students. All of this is the writerly equivalent of "inverting [their] heads."

Beneath the Smooth Skin of Place

22 Aside from Thoreau's writing and Hokusai's images, perhaps the most important writer to provide inspiration for this class is Indiana-based essayist Scott Russell Sanders. Shortly after introducing the students to Thoreau's key ideas in Walden and to the richness of his descriptive writing in the journal, I ask them to read his essay "Buckeye," which first appeared in Sanders's Writing from the Center (1995). "Buckeye" demonstrates the elegant braiding together of descriptive, narrative, and expository/reflective prose, and it also offers a strong argument about the importance of creating literature and art about place—what he refers to as "shared lore" (5)—as a way of articulating the meaning of a place and potentially saving places that would otherwise be exploited for resources, flooded behind dams, or otherwise neglected or damaged. The essay uses many of the essential literary devices, ranging from dialogue to narrative scenes, that I hope my students will practice in their own essays, while also offering a vivid argument in support of the kind of place-based writing the students are working on.

23 Another vital aspect of our work together in this class is the effort to capture the wonderful idiosyncrasies of this place, akin to the idiosyncrasies of any place that we examine closely enough to reveal its unique personality. Sanders's essay "Beneath the Smooth Skin of America," which we study together in Week 9 of the course, addresses this topic poignantly. The author challenges readers to learn the "durable realities" of the places where they live, the details of "watershed, biome, habitat, food-chain, climate, topography, ecosystem and the areas defined by these natural features they call bioregions" (17). "The earth," he writes, "needs fewer tourists and more inhabitants" (16). By Week 9 of the semester, the students have written about Moscow Mountain, about local food, and about local characters, and they are ready at this point to reflect on some of the more philosophical dimensions of living in a small academic village surrounded by farmland and beyond that surrounded by the Cascade mountain range to the West and the Rockies to the East. "We need a richer vocabulary of place" (18), urges Sanders. By this point in the semester, by reading various examples of place-based writing and by practicing their own powers of observation and expression, my students will, I hope, have developed a somewhat richer vocabulary to describe their own experiences in this specific place, a place they've been trying to explore with "open minds and notebooks." Sanders argues that

if we pay attention, we begin to notice patterns in the local landscape. Perceiving those patterns, acquiring names and theories and stories for them, we cease to be tourists and become inhabitants. The bioregional consciousness I am talking about means bearing your place in mind, keeping track of its condition and needs, committing yourself to its care. (18)

24 Many of my students will spend only four or five years in Moscow, long enough to earn a degree before moving back to their hometowns or journeying out into the world in pursuit of jobs or further education. Moscow will be a waystation for some of these student writers, not a permanent home. Yet I am hoping that this semester-long experiment in Thoreauvian attentiveness and place-based writing will infect these young people with both the bioregional consciousness Sanders describes and a broader fascination with place, including the cultural (yes, the human ) dimensions of this and any other place. I feel such a mindfulness will enrich the lives of my students, whether they remain here or move to any other location on the planet or many such locations in succession.

25 Toward the end of "Beneath the Smooth Skin of America," Sanders tells the story of encountering a father with two young daughters near a city park in Bloomington, Indiana, where he lives. Sanders is "grazing" on wild mulberries from a neighborhood tree, and the girls are keen to join him in savoring the local fruit. But their father pulls them away, stating, "Thank you very much, but we never eat anything that grows wild. Never ever." To this Sanders responds: "If you hold by that rule, you will not get sick from eating poison berries, but neither will you be nourished from eating sweet ones. Why not learn to distinguish one from the other? Why feed belly and mind only from packages?" (19-20). By looking at Moscow Mountain—and at Moscow, Idaho, more broadly—from numerous points of view, my students, I hope, will nourish their own bellies and minds with the wild fruit and ideas of this place. I say this while chewing a tart, juicy, and, yes, slightly sweet plum that I pulled from a feral tree in my own Moscow neighborhood yesterday, an emblem of engagement, of being here.

Bibliography

BUELL, Lawrence, The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of American Culture , Harvard University Press, 1995.

DAVIDSON, Cathy, 36 Views of Mount Fuji: On Finding Myself in Japan , Duke University Press, 2006.

DUBKIN, Leonard, "I Climb a Tree and Become Dissatisfied with My Lot." Enchanted Streets: The Unlikely Adventures of an Urban Nature Lover , Little, Brown and Company, 1947, 34-42.

GESSNER, David, Soaring with Fidel: An Osprey Odyssey from Cape Cod to Cuba and Beyond , Beacon, 2007.

ISAKSON, Elizabeth, "Journals." Assignment for 36 Views of Moscow Mountain (English 208), University of Idaho, Fall 2018.

SANDERS, Scott Russell, "Buckeye" and "Beneath the Smooth Skin of America." Writing from the Center , Indiana University Press, 1995, pp. 1-8, 9-21.

SLOVIC, Scott, "Teaching with Wolves", Western American Literature 52.3 (Fall 2017): 323-31.

THOREAU, Henry David, "October 1-20, 1853", Being in the World: An Environmental Reader for Writers , edited by Scott H. Slovic and Terrell F. Dixon, Macmillan, 1993, 371-75.

THOREAU, Henry David, Walden . 1854. Princeton University Press, 1971.

Bibliographical reference

Scott Slovic , “ 36 Views of Moscow Mountain: Teaching Travel Writing and Mindfulness in the Tradition of Hokusai and Thoreau ” ,  Caliban , 59 | 2018, 41-54.

Electronic reference

Scott Slovic , “ 36 Views of Moscow Mountain: Teaching Travel Writing and Mindfulness in the Tradition of Hokusai and Thoreau ” ,  Caliban [Online], 59 | 2018, Online since 01 June 2018 , connection on 01 July 2024 . URL : http://journals.openedition.org/caliban/3688; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/caliban.3688

About the author

Scott slovic.

University of Idaho Scott Slovic is University Distinguished Professor of Environmental Humanities at the University of Idaho, USA. The author and editor of many books and articles, he edited the journal ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment from 1995 to 2020. His latest coedited book is The Routledge Handbook of Ecocriticism and Environmental Communication  (2019).

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