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Essay Paper UPSC 2023 (Mains) Question Paper and Analysis

Last updated on September 27, 2023 by ClearIAS Team

UPSC conducted the Civil Service Mains exam for essay paper on 15 September 2023.

The CSE mains essay paper comprises two sections. Each section contains 4 essay topics. Out of which 2 topics of choice from each section need to be picked.

Candidates were supposed to answer about 1000-1200 words for each essay.

Table of Contents

UPSC CSE Essay Paper 2023 Instructions

General instructions mentioned on the essay paper, that need to be followed by every aspirant are provided here.

• Total Marks: 250 marks, Time duration: 3 hours.
• The essay must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this question-cum-answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided.
• No marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one.
• Word limit, as specified, should be adhered to.
• Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly.

Essay Question Paper: UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2023

The question paper of the UPSC CSE mains essay paper is provided here.

Write  two  essays, choosing  one  topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each:

UPSC CSE 2025: Study Plan ⇓

(1) ⇒ UPSC 2025: Prelims cum Mains

(2) ⇒ UPSC 2025: Prelims Test Series

(3) ⇒ UPSC 2025: Fight Back

1: Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.

2: Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

3: Not all who wander are lost.

4: Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.

5: Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines.

6: Mathematics is the music of reasons.

7: A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.

8: Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023: Exam Analysis

The essay topics for the UPSC Civil Services Main Exam in 2023 were intellectually demanding and philosophical in nature.

They required candidates to engage in deep critical thinking and present their thoughts logically.

All the questions in this year’s paper aimed at assessing the candidates’ ability to handle abstract concepts and express their ideas effectively in a structured manner.

This year’s essay topics look like that UPSC has taken inspiration from a wide range of sources, including philosophical and literary works.

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team

This topic seems to revolve around the idea that critical thinking often emerges in response to opposing viewpoints or challenges.

Candidates may have been asked to explore how the clash of ideas leads to innovation and progress.

Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

This famous saying belongs to Paul O’Brien.

This statement likely prompted candidates to discuss the balance between intuition and rationality in making important decisions.

It encourages a reflection on the role of both factors in effective leadership and problem-solving

Not all who wander are lost

This saying belongs to J.R.R. Tolkien,  The Fellowship of the Ring.

The topic expected from candidates to think about how exploring and being spontaneous in life’s journey can be really good.

It’s a deep topic that can be understood in many different ways.

Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane

This essay topic appears to emphasize the idea that creativity is not limited to rare moments of inspiration but can be found in everyday experiences.

It probably asked people to think about where creativity comes from and how we can express it in our daily lives.

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines

This is the saying of Simone de Beauvoir

Simone de Beauvoir was a prominent French existentialist philosopher and feminist thinker. She made significant contributions to feminist philosophy through her work, including “The Second Sex,” where she discussed the concept of “The Other” and examined the role of societal expectations in shaping women’s lives.

The quote by Simone de Beauvoir presented the idea that both girls and boys or individuals of different genders, often face distinct but equally harmful forms of societal pressures and constraints.

It suggests that expectations placed on girls (referred to as “restrictions”) and boys (referred to as “demands”) can be damaging and limit their potential.

Mathematics is the music of reasons

The complete saying of James Joseph Sylvester is that mathematics is the music of reason. May not music be described as the mathematics of the sense, mathematics as music of the reason? The musician feels mathematics, the mathematician thinks music: music the dream, mathematics the working life.”

This statement suggests a poetic connection between mathematics and music. Candidates likely had to discuss the beauty and logic inherent in mathematics and its role in shaping our understanding of the world.

A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

This topic seems to touch upon the ideas of social justice and charity, which have been discussed by philosophers like John Rawls and the concept of the “veil of ignorance.”

Candidates may have been asked to explore the relationship between justice, equality, and philanthropy in society.

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school –  Albert Einstein .

This essay topic likely demands from candidates to reflect on the value of education beyond rote memorization.

It may have expect discussion on the practical application of knowledge and lifelong learning.

What Should Aspirants Preparing for UPSC CSE for Next Year do for an essay paper?

Taking the essay paper in the UPSC exam seriously is important. This paper requires you to write 10-12 pages about abstract or philosophical topics, which can be challenging if you’re not well-prepared.

To succeed in this exam and perform well in the essay paper, you should work on improving your comprehension and analytical skills. To get additional guidance you can join the ClearIAS essay writing program as well.

One helpful way to prepare is by reading various types of essays, especially philosophical ones. Pay special attention to the ideas of famous philosophers like Immanuel Kant, Thomas Aquinas, John Locke, Friedrich Nietzsche, Karl Marx, and others.

Practice writing essays based on famous quotes, as this is a common format in UPSC exams.

Additionally, be ready to write essays on a wide range of topics, including society, politics, the economy, and technology. UPSC asks such types of questions too.

Keep in mind that there isn’t a fixed pattern for UPSC questions. Analyze previous year’s question papers to get valuable insight. So, focus on understanding the way UPSC frames questions rather than expecting a consistent trend.

Related Posts

• Essay Course for UPSC CSE – The Art of Essay Writing
• ClearIAS launches Essay Writing Course for UPSC
• 10 Common Essay Writing Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

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UPSC Mains 2023 Question Paper & Solution PDFs [Download]

Welcome to our dedicated resource page for UPSC aspirants seeking the UPSC Mains 2023 Question Paper in PDF format. As part of our commitment to supporting your journey to becoming a civil servant, we understand the pivotal role that accessing the right materials plays in your preparation.

These UPSC Mains 2023 question papers are an invaluable resource for understanding the exam’s complexity, question trends, and the depth of knowledge required.

Download UPSC Mains Question Paper PDF 2023

To access the UPSC Mains 2023 Question Paper PDFs, simply click the provided links on this page.

Download UPSC Main 2023 Solutions

Model Answers:

Importance of Civil Services Main Exam papers

Assessment of Preparedness: Previous year question papers provide a tangible benchmark for aspirants to evaluate their level of preparedness. By attempting these papers, candidates can gauge their strengths and weaknesses in different subjects.

Understanding Exam Pattern and Trends: Analyzing past question papers helps aspirants discern recurring patterns in the types of questions asked, the weightage of different topics, and the overall format of the examination. This understanding aids in tailoring a more focused and effective preparation strategy.

Improving Answer Writing Skills: The Mains exam requires candidates to express their knowledge effectively through written responses. Practicing with previous year question papers hones candidates’ answer writing skills, helping them articulate their thoughts concisely and coherently.

Solved Mains Papers:

• Download – 10 years Mains Paper PDFs

UPSC Mains 2023 Paper Video Discussion : https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL7Nkpcu_k2VInFmzObT26qvDyhBl5HlVl

Read Solution by Rau’s IAS for UPSC Mains Papers:

Learn from the experts. Rau’s IAS solutions are written by experienced faculty members who have a deep understanding of the UPSC Mains syllabus. By reading the solutions, you can learn from their expertise and insights.

The UPSC Mains 2023 Question Papers are an indispensable resource for every serious UPSC aspirant. They serve as compasses, guiding candidates through the intricate terrain of the examination.

Update: UPSC 2023 Final Result

Where can I find and download UPSC Mains Question Paper PDFs?

You can find and download UPSC Mains Question Paper PDFs on the Compass website. This website is a comprehensive resource hub catering to the needs of UPSC aspirants. It offers free access to the past 10 years’ question papers, providing valuable material for your preparation.

When will the UPSC Mains 2023 Question Paper PDFs be available for download?

Mains 2023 Question Paper PDFs will be available for download starting from September 15, 2023.

Is there a limit to how many times I can download UPSC Mains Question Paper PDFs?

No, there is no limit! Feel free to access and download the resources as many times as you find necessary for your preparation.

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UPSC Mains Question Paper and Answer Solution 2023 with Analysis, Download PDF

Candidate preparing for UPSC and interested aspirants can download UPSC Mains question paper 2023 for all 9 sections which is going to be held from September 15, 2023 to 24th September.

Table of Contents

UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023

UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 has been released after the exam. Candidates can download the Question Paper PDF with the Answers for the Essay Paper, Paper-II General Studies-I, Paper-III General Studies-II, Paper-IV General Studies-III, Paper-V General Studies-IV, Paper-A Indian Language, Paper-B English, Paper-VI Optional Subject-Paper-1 and Paper-VII Optional Subject-Paper-2.

UPSC Mains Exams Started on September 15, 2023 (Friday) with an Essay Paper and it will end with Paper-VII Optional Subject-Paper-2 on 24th September, 2023 (Sunday). The UPSC Mains Question Paper is a comprehensive examination that tests candidates’ knowledge, understanding, and analytical skills across a wide range of subjects. The paper is divided into nine different papers, each of which covers a different subject area.

• Paper 1: Essay
• Paper 2: General Studies I
• Paper 3: General Studies II
• Paper 4: General Studies III
• Paper 5: General Studies IV
• Paper 6: Optional Subject I
• Paper 7: Optional Subject II
• Paper 8: Language I (English)
• Paper 9: Language II (Indian Language)

If you are preparing for the UPSC IAS Exam and are interested in UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 and Looking for a UPSC Mains 2023 Question Paper, then this will be the right place to get all the information in one click.

• Download UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper with Analysis
• Download UPSC Mains 2023 GS Paper I with Analysis
• Download UPSC Mains 2023 GS Paper II with Analysis
• Download UPSC Mains 2023 GS Paper III with Analysis
• Download UPSC Mains 2023 GS Paper IV with Analysis

UPSC Mains Exam 2023 Time Table

The English language paper, one paper in the Indian language, two optional papers, the essay paper, and four general studies papers (GS-1, 2, 3, and 4) make up the nine papers that make up the UPSC mains exam. The schedule for the UPSC Mains 2023 exam is provided in the table below.

UPSC Mains Questions Paper 2023 PDF

Candidates who are preparing for UPSC already know that  UPSC Mains  consists of Nine Papers: Essay Paper, GS Paper 1, GS Paper 2, GS Paper 3 , GS Paper 4, Optional Subject-Paper-1, Optional Subject-Paper-2, Paper-B English, and Paper-A Indian Language. You can download the PDFs for each exam from the below table.

While the remaining exams of the UPSC Mains Exam are counted for merit ranking and will determine your result, the English and other language papers are of a qualifying character.

All candidates must take an exam in the Indian language, with the exception of those from Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Sikkim, Manipur, Mizoram, and Meghalaya. Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santhali are among the languages that can be used to write the UPSC Mains Language Paper.

Download UPSC Mains 2023 GS Question and Answer Paper PDFs

Candidates can access the UPSC Mains Exam 2023 general studies exam papers in this part of the website by selecting them from the table below. (Links will be provided once the papers are out).

Check Out :- UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023

UPSC Mains Language Question and Answer Papers 2023

Even though the language exams are for qualification purposes, they are significant because the candidate must pass them with the required minimum score in order to advance to the IAS mains exam. There is a list of languages from which applicants can select for the required Indian language exam.

The English language paper is referred to as Paper B, while the Indian language paper is referred to as Paper A. From the table below, candidates can download the language test questions. Upon release of the papers, links will be provided.

UPSC Mains 2023 Language Question and Answer Papers PDF

From this section, candidates can download Indian Language Question Papers and English Language Question Papers in PDF format.

Check Out :- UPSC Mains Optional Question Paper 2023

UPSC Mains Optional Paper 2023

UPSC  Mains optional paper for 2023, candidates were presented with a diverse range of subjects to choose from, including but not limited to subjects like History, Geography, Sociology, Political Science, and Economics, among others.

This year’s optional paper aimed to test candidates’ in-depth knowledge and expertise in their chosen subjects, providing them with an opportunity to showcase their specialization and understanding in their respective fields.

Candidates can check out the UPSC Mains Optional Paper 2023 with the detail explanations with pdf

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UPSC Mains Question Papers 2023 FAQs

What are the 9 papers in upsc mains.

The UPSC Mains round, which is the second stage of the exam has nine papers. These nine papers are Compulsory Indian Language, English, Essay, General Studies-1, General Studies-2, General Studies-3, General Studies-4, Optional Paper-1, and Optional Paper-2.

What is paper 1 and paper 2 in UPSC mains?

Optional paper 1 and 2 in the UPSC Mains examination are two papers of a single optional subject like geography paper 1 and Paper 2, mechanical engineering paper 1 and Paper 2.

How much marks required for IAS 2023?

UPSC Prelims 2023 took place on May 28, 2023. The expected UPSC Cut Off 2023 For Prelims this year is 82-85 marks. The UPSC Prelims 2023 cut off will be out for all candidates once the exam results are published.

Will the questions be repeated in the UPSC examination?

The answer is Yes. Any times questions have been repeated in UPSC CSE. That is why it is recommended to go theough all the previous years (at least past 10 years).

Was UPSC Prelims 2023 tough?

The General Studies Paper of the UPSC Prelims 2023 exam was difficult in nature compared to the previous year. Candidates can expect the cut-off to go down to 82 to 85, as compared to 88 in the UPSC 2022 Prelims cut-off.

Is UPSC 2023 paper hard or easy?

The UPSC Prelims Paper 1 has been conducted by the Union Public Service Commission at various centers across the country. As per the student's feedback and our subject matter experts, the exam was of a moderate level of difficulty.

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Model Answers for UPSC Mains 2023

by Vajiram & Ravi

Analysing UPSC Mains model answers is an essential and highly beneficial aspect of the preparation process. They are carefully written examples of the best possible answers to Mains exam questions, and they demonstrate the level of knowledge, analytical thinking, and writing skills that candidates are expected to have. Here are some key reasons why reading the model answers for UPSC Mains 2023 is important:

• Understanding Expectations: Model answers provide a clear understanding of the level of depth, breadth, and quality of response expected by the UPSC examiners. Aspirants can gauge the standard to which their answers should aspire.
• Content Enrichment : By reviewing model answers, candidates can identify gaps in their content. They can learn new information, facts, and insights that they might have missed during their preparation.
• Answer Structure: Model answers demonstrate how to structure responses effectively. Candidates can learn how to introduce a topic, build arguments logically, and conclude succinctly.
• Art of Conciseness: The UPSC values concise and focused responses. Analysing solved answers help candidates understand how to convey their points effectively within the word limit.
• Analytical Thinking: Model answers often showcase higher-order thinking and analytical skills. Candidates can learn how to approach complex questions with depth and clarity.
• Presentation Skills: Presentation matters in the UPSC Mains. Model answers can guide candidates on how to use headings, subheadings, bullet points, and diagrams effectively.
• Language and Expression: Aspirants can learn how to articulate ideas clearly and coherently. Model answers offer insights into using formal language and avoiding jargon or verbosity.
• Scoring Areas: By analysing solved answers, candidates can identify scoring areas within a question. This helps them allocate their time and effort wisely during the exam.

UPSC Mains Model Answers PDF

The UPSC Mains Model Answers PDF for the Civil Services Examination 2023 are an essential resource for any aspirant who wants to excel in this challenging exam. These model answers are not just solutions; they are comprehensive learning guides that can help you improve your writing skills and knowledge.

By studying the model answers, candidates can learn how to:

• Decode the demands of each question and tailor their responses accordingly.
• Articulate their ideas clearly and coherently in a formal style.
• Use language and expression effectively to communicate complex ideas in a simple yet eloquent way.
• Identify gaps in their content and use the model answers to enrich their knowledge. 

Access the UPSC Model Answers PDF for the General Studies Paper- I, II, III and IV for Main Examination 2023 from the given links below:

• GS Paper 1 Model Answers PDF
• GS Paper 2 Model Answers PDF
• GS Paper 3 Model Answers PDF
• GS Paper 4 Model Answers PDF

UPSC Mains GS I to IV Detailed Analysis

Watch the following videos to look at the detailed analysis of GS papers 1 to 4 of the Mains 2023 examination. It will help candidates to understand what can be included in the answers of UPSC Mains and the approach to write detailed answers.

GS Paper 1 Detailed Analysis:

GS Paper 2 Analysis:

GS Paper 3 Analysis:

GS Paper 4 Analysis:

Solved Answers for UPSC Mains GS Paper 1

There are 20 questions asked in the GS papers in the Mains exam. Solved answers to two questions are shared below.

• Explain the role of Geographical Factors towards the development of Ancient India .
• What was the difference between Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore in their approach towards education and nationalism?
• Bring about the Socio-Economic Effects of the Introduction of Railways in Different Countries of the World.
• Discuss the Consequences of Climate Change on the Food Security in Tropical Countries.
• Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources?
• How are the fjords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world?
• Do you think marriage as a sacrament is losing its value in modern India?
• Explain why suicide among young women is increasing in Indian society.
• Child cuddling is now being replaced by mobile phones. Discuss its impact on the socialisation of children.
• What are the main features of Vedic society and religion? Do you think some of the features are still prevailing in Indian society?
• What were the major technological changes introduced during the Sultanate period? How did those technological changes influence the Indian society?
• How did colonial rule affect the tribals in India and what was the tribal response to colonial oppression?
• Comment on the resource potentials of the long coastline of India and highlight the status of natural hazard preparedness in these areas.
• Identify and discuss the factors responsible for diversity of Natural Vegetation in India. Assess the significance of wildlife sanctuaries in rainforest regions of India.
• Why did human development fail to keep pace with economic development in India?
• From being net food importer in the 1960s, India has emerged as a net food exporter to the world. Provide reasons.
• Does urbanisation lead to more segregation and/or marginalisation of the poor in Indian metropolises?
• Why is caste identity in India both fluid and static?
• Discuss the impact of post-liberal economy on ethnic identity and communalism.

 UPSC Mains Model Answers GS Paper 2

The sample answers of UPSC Mains GS Paper 2 are shared here:

• "Constitutionally guaranteed judicial independence is a prerequisite of democracy”. Comment.
• Who are entitled to receive free legal aid? Assess the role of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) in rendering free legal aid in India.
• “The states in India seem reluctant to empower urban local bodies both functionally as well as financially.” Comment.
• Compare and Contrast the British and Indian approaches to Parliamentary Sovereignty.
• Discuss the role of Presiding Officers of state legislatures in maintaining order and impartiality in conducting legislative work and in facilitating best democratic practices.
• The crucial aspect of development process has been the inadequate attention paid to Human Resource Development in India. Suggest measures that can address this adequacy.
• Discuss the role of the Competition Commission of India in containing the abuse of dominant position by the Multinational Corporations in India. Refer to the recent decisions.
• e-governance, as a critical tool of governance, has ushered in effectiveness, transparency and accountability in governments. What inadequacies hamper the enhancement of these features?
• 'Virus of Conflict is affecting the functioning of the SCO.' In the light of the above statement, point out the role of India in mitigating the problems.
• Indian diaspora has scaled new heights in the West. Describe its economic and political benefits for India.
• “The Constitution of India is a living instrument with capabilities of enormous dynamism. It is a constitution made for a progressive society.” Illustrate.
• Explain the constitutional perspectives of Gender Justice with the help of relevant Constitutional Provisions and case laws.
• Account for the legal and political factors responsible for the reduced frequency of using Article 356 by the Union Governments since mid 1990s.
• Discuss the contribution of civil society groups for women’s effective and meaningful participation and representation in state legislatures in India.
• Explain the significance of the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act. To what extent does it reflect the accommodative spirit of federalism?
• Explain the structure of the Parliamentary Committee system. How far have the financial committees helped in the institutionalisation of the Indian Parliament?
• “Development and welfare schemes for the vulnerable, by its nature, are discriminatory in approach.” Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.
• Skill development programs have succeeded in increasing human resources supply to various sectors. In the context of the statement, analyze the linkages between education, skill and employment.
• The expansion and strengthening of NATO and a stronger US-Europe strategic partnership works well in India.’ What is your opinion about this statement? Give reasons and examples to support your answer.
• Sea is an important Component of the Cosmos’. Discuss in the light of the above statement the role of the IMO (International Maritime Organisation) in protecting the environment and enhancing maritime safety and security.

Model Answers for UPSC Mains GS Paper 3

• Faster economic growth requires increased share of the manufacturing sector in GDP, particularly of MSMEs. Comment on the present policies of the Government in this regard.
• What is the status of digitalization in the Indian economy? Examine the problems faced in this regard and suggest improvements.
• How does e-Technology help farmers in production and marketing of agricultural produce? Explain it.
• State the objectives and measures of land reforms in India. Discuss how land ceiling policy on landholding can be considered as an effective reform under economic criteria.
• Introduce the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI). How does AI help clinical diagnosis? Do you perceive any threat to privacy of the individual in the use of AI in the healthcare?
• Discuss several ways in which microorganisms can help in meeting the current fuel shortage.
• Dam failures are always catastrophic, especially on the downstream side, resulting in a colossal loss of life and property. Analyze the various causes of dam failures.
• What is oil pollution? What are its impacts on the marine ecosystem? In what way is oil pollution particularly harmful for a country like India?
• Winning of ‘Hearts and Minds’ in terrorism affected areas is an essential step in restoring the trust of the population. Discuss the measures adopted by the Government in this respect as part of the conflict resolution in Jammu and Kashmir.
• The use of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) by our adversaries across the borders to ferry arms/ammunitions, drugs, etc., is a serious threat to the internal security. Comment on the measures being taken to tackle this threat.
• Most of the unemployment in India is structural in nature. Examine the methodology adopted to compute unemployment in the country and suggest improvements.
• Distinguish between ‘care economy’ and ‘monetized economy’. How can care economy be brought into monetized economy through women empowerment?
• Explain the changes in cropping pattern in India in the context of changes in consumption pattern and marketing conditions.
• What are the direct and indirect subsidies provided to the farm sector in India? Discuss the issues raised by the World Trade Organization(WTO) in relation to agricultural subsidies.
• The adoption of electric vehicles is rapidly growing worldwide. How do electric vehicles contribute to reducing carbon emissions and what are the key benefits they offer compared to traditional combustion engine vehicles?
• What is the main task of India’s third moon mission which could not be achieved in its earlier mission? List the countries that have achieved this task. Introduce the subsystems in the spacecraft launched and explain the role of the ‘Virtual Launch Control Centre’ at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre which contributed to the successful launch from Sriharikota.
• Comment on the National Wetland Conservation Programme initiated by the Government of India and name a few India’s wetlands of international importance included in the Ramsar Sites.
• The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) has predicted a global sea level rise of about one metre by AD 2100. What would be its impact in India and the other countries in the Indian Ocean region?
• What are the internal security challenges being faced by India? Give out the role of Central Intelligence and Investigative Agencies tasked to counter such threats.
• Give out the major sources of terror funding in India and efforts being made to curtail these sources. In the light of this, also discuss the aim and objective of the ‘ No Money for Terror [NMFT]’ Conference recently held at New Delhi in November 2022.

Model Answers for UPSC Mains GS Paper 4

• What do you understand by ‘moral integrity’ and ‘professional efficiency’ in the context of corporate governance in India? Illustrate with suitable examples.
• International aid' is an accepted form of helping resource-challenged' nations, Comment on ethics in contemporary international aid. Support your answer with suitable examples.
• “Corruption is the manifestation of the failure of core values in the society.” In your opinion what measures can be adopted to uplift the core values in the society?
• Differentiate ‘moral intuition’ from ‘moral reasoning with suitable examples.
• What were the major teachings of Guru Nanak? Explain their relevance in the contemporary world.
• Explain the term social capital. How does it enhance good governance?

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Essay Question Paper (Analysis & Solutions) – UPSC Civil Services Mains 2023

This topic of “Essay Question Paper (Analysis & Solutions) – UPSC Civil Services Mains 2023” is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS Examination , which falls under General Studies Portion.

Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000 – 1200 words each: (125×2=250 marks)

(Click the links to read the solutions)

• Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
• Visionary deci sion-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.
• Not all who wander are lost.
• Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane .
• Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines.
• Mathematics is the music of reason.
• A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.
• Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

Express Learning Programme (ELP)

• Optional Notes
• Study Hacks
• Prelims Sureshots (Repeated Topic Compilations)
• Current Affairs (Newsbits, Editorials & In-depths)
• Ancient Indian History
• Medieval Indian History
• Modern Indian History
• Post-Independence Indian History
• World History
• Art & Culture
• Geography (World & Indian)
• Indian Society & Social Justice
• Indian Polity
• International Relations
• Indian Economy
• Environment 
• Agriculture
• Internal Security
• Disasters & its Management
• General Science – Biology
• General Studies (GS) 4 – Ethics
• Syllabus-wise learning
• Political Science
• Anthropology
• Public Administration

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Analysis & Approach

Each question in the essay paper reflects a different dimension of thinking, and the aspirant is expected to demonstrate their analytical skills, coherence in arguments, and proficiency in language while addressing these questions.

• Analysis: This topic seems to delve into the dialectical nature of thought. It could be interpreted that for any idea or thought to be truly explored or expanded upon, there must be an opposing or challenging force. This could relate to the Hegelian dialectic (thesis-antithesis-synthesis) or even the fundamental nature of debates.
• Approach: A candidate can start by illustrating the importance of opposition in any form of critical thinking or decision-making. Real-world examples like scientific debates, democratic procedures, and the role of a loyal opposition in a parliament can be cited.
• Analysis: Visionary decisions are those that shape the future, and they strike a balance between intuition (which is often based on subconscious processing) and logic (structured reasoning).
• Approach: Candidates can discuss examples of visionary leaders and their decisions. For instance, Steve Jobs’ intuition in product design combined with logical market analysis, or Mahatma Gandhi ’s intuition about non-violence and its logical implications in the Indian freedom struggle.
• Analysis: This statement, borrowed from J.R.R. Tolkien’s work, implies that not all who seem directionless are without purpose; sometimes, wandering can be a form of discovery.
• Approach: This can be addressed by discussing the importance of exploration, serendipity in scientific discoveries, or even the self-exploratory journey that many individuals undertake in life.
• Analysis: This implies that true creativity often arises from observing and interpreting everyday life in unique ways.
• Approach: Real-life examples of artists, writers, and scientists who drew inspiration from everyday occurrences can be highlighted. Picasso’s simplistic drawings or Archimedes’ Eureka moment in his bathtub, for instance.
• Analysis: This topic brings out the gender disparities and societal norms and expectations imposed upon individuals based on their gender.
• Approach: It’s crucial to address both sides of the coin, discussing how gender norms restrict the potential and well-being of both girls and boys. Comparisons of societal expectations, real-life anecdotes, and data-driven evidence on gender disparities can be effective.
• Analysis: The quote explores the harmony, structure, and beauty in mathematics similar to the rhythm and patterns in music.
• Approach: Discussing the inherent order and logic in mathematics, and drawing parallels with musical structures can be a starting point. Mentioning mathematicians who were also musicians or vice versa might add value.
• Analysis: This touches upon the idea that if a society is just, equitable, and provides opportunities for all, then the need for charity diminishes as fewer people would be in a position of deprivation.
• Approach: Highlighting the correlation between justice and social welfare, discussing models of developed nations, and contrasting them with societies where charity becomes a band-aid solution for deeper systemic issues can be effective.
• Analysis: This topic delves into the difference between rote learning and true education – the values, critical thinking skills, and character that endure beyond mere facts.
• Approach: Drawing a distinction between learning for exams and learning for life, discussing the role of education in character building, and bringing in philosophical views on education would be insightful.

For all the essays, it’s essential to remember to structure the arguments coherently, provide relevant examples, and ensure a holistic view is presented. Best of luck to all the aspirants!

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UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Question Paper - Download PDF

The UPSC Mains exam commenced on 15 September 2023. It started with the UPSC Essay paper. It is an important paper and counts for 250 marks in total in the UPSC Mains exam. In this article, you can download the UPSC Mains essay paper PDF. There are a total of nine papers in the IAS mains exam. On the first day, i.e., 15 September, only one paper, the UPSC Mains essay paper was conducted. Candidates can go through the UPSC calendar for a detailed schedule of the UPSC mains 2023 exam.

UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023

The UPSC essay paper was held at 9 AM on 15 September. You can download the UPSC essay paper 2023 from the link below.

UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023 – Question Paper Download Download PDF Here

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper Topics

• Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
• Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.
• Not all who wander are lost.
• Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.
• Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines.
• Mathematics is the music of reason.
• A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.
• Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school

Download the other UPSC 2023 Mains question papers in the link.

UPSC Essay Paper Pattern

• The UPSC Essay paper segment consists of two sections A and B.
• Both sections have about four questions each.
• The candidates have to choose one topic from each section, thus having to answer 2 essay questions in total.
• The word limit for each question is to be within the range of 1000-1200 words.
• The marks for each question is 125, thus the total allotted marks are 250.
• The paper will be included for merit ranking and is not just for qualifying purposes.
• The candidates are expected to keep close to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in an orderly fashion and to write concisely. To understand how to approach the essay paper and the topics to be focused on during preparation, check the link here .

Candidates can download the UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2022 in the linked article.

For more information about the UPSC essay paper and preparation strategy, check the links below.

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UPSC Question Papers with Answer Key are available here to download in PDF format. Candidates can download IAS 2023 Question Paper PDF using the links mentioned below. UPSC Civil Services consists of three stages: Prelims, Mains and Interview. UPSC CSE Prelims Comprises GS Paper 1 and CSAT Paper 2. GS Paper 1 (100 questions) and CSAT (80 questions). Each of them are objective in nature and consists of 200 marks. The marks gained in the General Studies paper define selection for UPSC Mains. For more information, aspirants can go through UPSC CSE Exam Pattern .

UPSC Prelims 2023 GS and CSAT Question Paper with Answer Key (Held on May 28, 2023)

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[Download] UPSC Mains 2023 – Essay Paper PDF – Hindi | English

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UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper has been conducted on the first day of the Civil Services mains Examination. The question paper of the same is out. You can download the question paper from the link given below:

Download UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper

Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each:

1. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. चिंतन एक तरह का खेल है, यह तब तक प्रारम्भ नहीं होता, जब तक एक विरोधी पक्ष न हो ।

2. Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते हैं जब अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।

3. Not all who wander are lost. सभी भटकने वाले गुम नहीं होते हैं ।

4. Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane. रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा लौकिकता में चमत्कार ढूँढने के प्रयास से उपजती हैं।

Section – B

5. Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands two equally harmful disciplines. लड़कियाँ बंदिशों के तथा लड़के अपेक्षा के बोझ तले दबे हुए होते हैं दोनों ही समान रूप से हानिकारक व्यवस्थाएँ हैं।

6. Mathematics is the music of reason. गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है ।

7. A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है, उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।

8. Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school. शिक्षा वह है जो विद्यालय में सीखी गई बातों को भूल जाने के बाद भी शेष रह जाती है।

The Essay Paper is a crucial part of the UPSC Mains Examination. It carries 250 marks and is divided into two sections: Section A and Section B. Each section has four essay topics, and you must pick one topic from each section to write on. The time allotted is 3 hours.

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UPSC Essay Paper 2023, Download PDF

Upsc mains 2023 essay question paper: the union public service commission (upsc) mains exam started today, september 15, 2023, at 24 centres across the country. check and download the mains essay question paper pdf from this article..

UPSC Essay Paper 2023

Download UPSC IAS Essay Question Paper 2023 PDF

Topics Asked in the IAS Mains Essay Paper 

The UPSC IAS Essay question consists of two sections where questions from 4 topics were asked in each section. Candidates need to write an essay of 1000-1200 words on 1 topic of their choice from the section

• Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team 
• Visionary decision-making at the intersection of intuition and logic
• Not all who wander are lost
• Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane
• Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands - two equally harmful disciplines
• Mathematics is the music of reason
• A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity
• Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school

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UPSC Essay Topic wise Question Papers of last 31 years (1993-2023) for Civil Services IAS/IPS Exam Free Download

In the UPSC mains examination, essay paper is worth 250 marks and three hours. Here is the topic wise questions from the earlier years for the benefit of civil service IAS IPS aspirants.

1.1 India Since Independence

1.2 federalism, decentralization, 1.3 administration, 1.4 judiciary, 1.5 poverty, social justice, 1.6 indian society, culture and values, 1.7 media, tv & cinema, literature, 2.1 growth vs development, 2.2 environment vs development, 2.4 sectors of economy, 3.1 values in education, 3.2 scheme implementation, 3.3 higher education, 4.1 character, honesty, ethics, 4.2 knowledge, 4.3 compassion, 4.4 truth and reality, 4.5 youth, discipline, 4.6 towards excellence, 5.1 @national politics, 5.2 @world / quote type, 5.3 empowerment overall, 5.4 compared to men, 6.1 globalization, 6.2 international org./ bilateral, 6.3 security, 6.4 history, 7.1 science and religion, 7.2 science and education, 7.3 computer and internet, 7.4 sci-tech: others, appendix: linear paper of upsc essay 2023, appendix: linear paper of upsc essay 2022, appendix: model answer pe free lecture & powerpoint, appendix: syllabus of essay paper in upsc, 1 india: democracy, administration, society, culture.

• Is the Colonial mentality hindering India’s Success? -2013
• In the context of Gandhiji’s views on the matter, explore, on an evolutionary scale, the terms ‘Swadhinata’, ‘Swaraj’ and ‘Dharmarajya’. Critically comment on their contemporary relevance to Indian democracy -2012
• Dreams which should not let India sleep. -2015
• Why should we be proud of being Indians? -2000
• Whither Indian democracy? -1995
• How far has democracy in India delivered the goods? -2003
• What we have not learnt during fifty years of independence. -1997
• What have we gained from our democratic set-up? -2001
• My vision of India in 2001 a.d. -1993
• Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India. -2017
• Water disputes between States in federal India. -2016
• Cooperative federalism : Myth or reality. -2016
• Creation of smaller states and the consequent administrative, economic and developmental implication -2011
• Evaluation of panchayati raj system in India from the point of view of eradication of power to people. -2007
• Water resources should be under the control of the central government. -2004
• The language problem in India: its past, present and prospects. -1998
• There are better practices to “best practices”. -2021
• How should a civil servant conduct himself? -2003
• Politics without ethics is a disaster. -1995
• The VIP cult is a bane of Indian democracy -1996
• Need for transparency in public administration -1996
• The country’s need for a better disaster management system. -2000
• Politics, bureaucracy and business – fatal triangle. -1994
• We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. -2017
• Justice must reach the poor -2005
• Judicial activism and Indian democracy. -2004
• Judicial activism. -1997
• A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।) – 2023
• There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless (बिना आर्थिक समृद्धि के सामाजिक न्याय नहीं हो सकता, किन्तु बिना सामाजिक न्याय के आर्थिक समृद्धि निरर्थक है ) -2020
• Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness. -2019
• The focus of health care is increasingly getting skewed towards the ‘haves’ of our society. -2009
• Food security for sustainable national development -2005
• Reservation, politics and empowerment. -1999
• Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have (जो हम है, वह संस्कार; जो हमारे पास है, वह सभ्यता ) -2020
• Indian culture today: a myth or a reality? -2000
• Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values. -2000
• The composite culture of India. -1998
• The Indian society at the crossroads. -1994
• From traditional Indian philanthropy to the gates-buffet model-a natural progression or a paradigm shift? -2010
• New cults and godmen: a threat to traditional religion -1996
• Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy. -2019
• Responsibility of media in a democracy. -2002
• Role of media in good governance -2008
• Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or merely reflect it? -2011
• How has satellite television brought about cultural change in Indian mindsets? -2007
• Is sting operation an invasion on privacy? -2014
• Mass media and cultural invasion. -1999
• The misinterpretation and misuse of freedom in India. -1998
• Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world (कवि संसार के अनधिकृत रूप से विधायक होते हैं) – 2022

2 Economy, Development

• Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere. -2018
• Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality. -2016
• Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare. -2016
• Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms. -2016
• Crisis faced in India – moral or economic. -2015
• Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country? -2014
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the wellbeing of a country-2013
• Can capitalism bring inclusive growth? -2015
• Resource management in the Indian context. -1999
• Economic growth without distributive justice is bound to breed violence. -1993
• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence (आर्थिक समृद्धि हासिल करने के मामले में वन सर्वोत्तम प्रतिमान होते हैं।) – 2022
• Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India. -2018
• Should a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in tribal areas of the country? -2010
• Urbanisation and its hazards -2008
• Protection of ecology and environment is essential for sustained economic development. -2006
• Urbanization is a blessing in disguise. -1997
• Ecological considerations need not hamper development. -1993
• Globalization would finish small-scale industries in India. -2006
• Multinational corporations – saviours or saboteurs -1994
• Special economic zone: boon or bane -2008
• Is the criticism that the ‘Public-Private-Partnership’ (PPP) model for development is more of a bane than a boon in the Indian context, justified ?-2012
• Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India. -2017
• BPO boom in India. -2007
• Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India? -2014
• Are our traditional handicrafts doomed to a slow death? -2009

3 Education

• Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in – school. (- शिक्षा वह है जो विद्यालय में विधालय में सीखी गई बातों को भूल जाने के बाद भी शेष रह जाती है।)
• Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms. -2017
• Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil-2015
• Independent thinking should be encouraged right form the childhood. -2007
• Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress? -2014
• Irrelevance of the classroom. -2001
• Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? -2014
• Literacy is growing very fast, but there is no corresponding growth in education. -1996
• Is an egalitarian society possible by educating the masses ? -2008
• What is real education? -2005
• “Education for all” campaign in India: myth or reality. -2006
• Restructuring of Indian education system. -1995
• Privatization of higher education in India. -2002
• Credit – based higher education system – status, opportunities and challenges -2011

4 Quote based, Philosophy, Ethics

• A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities (हर असमंजस के लिए मुस्कराहट ही चुनिन्दा साधन है) – 2022
• Philosophy of wantlessness is a Utopian, while materialism is a chimera. -2021
• Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me. -2021
• Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication (सरलता चरम परिष्करण है ) -2020
• Ships don’t sink because of water around them ships sink because of water that gets into them (जहाज अपने चारों तरफ के पानी के वजह से नहीं डूबा करते, जहाज पानी के अंदर समां जाने की वजह से डूबता हैं ) -2020
• Life is a long journey between being human and being humane.  (मनुष्य होने और मानव बनने के बीच का लम्बा सफर ही जीवन है)-2020
• Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be -2019
• Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society -2019
• Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success -2019
• Wisdom finds truth -2019
• A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both. -2018
• Customary morality cannot be a guide to modem file. -2018
• Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed. -2016
• Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. -2015
• With greater power comes greater responsibility. -2014
• Words are sharper than the two-edged sword. -2014
• Attitude makes, habit makes character and character makes a man. -2007
• He would reigns within himself and folds his passions and desires and fears is more than a king. -1993
• Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक शुरू नहीं होता है जब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।) – 2023
• Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।) – 2023
• The real is rational and the rational is real. -2021
• Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self (विचारपरक संकल्प स्वयं के शांतचित्त रहने का उत्प्रेरक है )-2020
• ‘The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values. -2018
• A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge. -2018
• There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. -2003
• Disinterested intellectual curiosity is the lifeblood of civilisation. -1995
• Joy is the simplest form of gratitude. -2017
• Compassion is the basic of all morality of the world -1993
• Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole. -2015
• Be the change you want to see in others (Gandhi)-2013
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right (केवल इसलिए कि आपके पास विकल्प हैं, इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक होना ही होगा) – 2022
• Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it. -2018
• Truth is lived, not taught -1996
• When money speaks, the truth is silent. -1995
• Search for truth can only be a spiritual problem. -2002
• The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining (छप्पर मरम्मत करने का समय तभी होता है, जब धूप खिली हुई हो) – 2022
• You cannot step twice in the same river (आप उसी नदी में दोबारा नहीं उतर सकते) – 2022
• Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin -2008
• Youth is a blunder, manhood a struggle, old age a regret -1994
• If youth knew, if age could. -2002
• Youth culture today. -1999
• Fifty Golds in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India? -2014
• Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते है अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।) – 2023
• Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकने वाले सभी गुम नहीं हो जाते।) – 2023
• Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane (- रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा अलौकिक ता में चमत्कार ढूंढने के प्रयास से उपजति है) – 2023
• A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह के भीतर सुरक्षित होता है, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) – 2022
• Quick but steady wins the race. -2015
• Useless life is an early death. -1994
• Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds. -1995
• The paths of glory lead but to the grave. -2002
• The pursuit of excellence. -2001

5 Women empowerment

• Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight. -1997
• Women’s reservation bill would usher in empowerment for women in India. -2006
• The new emerging women power: the ground realities. -1995
• Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. -2021
• If women ruled the world -2005
• The hand that rocks the cradle -2005
• Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality (पितृ-सत्ता की व्यवस्था नजर मैं बहुत काम आने के बावजूद सामाजिक विषमता की सबसे प्रभावी संरचना है) -2020
• Fulfilment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth. -2017
• If development is not engendered, it is endangered. -2016
• Whither women’s emancipation? -2004
• Empowerment alone cannot help our women. -2001
• Women empowerment: challenges and prospects. -1999
• Woman is god’s best creation. -1998
• Men have failed: let women take over. -1993
• Managing work and home – is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal ?-2012

6 International issues, Internal Security, History

• South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities. -2019
• Modernisation and westernisation are not identical concepts. -1994
• ‘globalization’ vs. ‘nationalism’ -2009
• National identity and patriotism -2008
• Globalizations and its impact on Indian culture. -2004
• The masks of new imperialism. -2003
• As civilization advances culture declines. -2003
• The implications of globalization for India. -2000
• My vision of an ideal world order. -2001
• India’s contribution to world wisdom. -1998
• The world of the twenty-first century. -1998
• Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role. -2010
• Technology as the silent factor in international relations (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंधों मैं मौन करक के रूप मैं प्रौद्योगिकी) -2020
• Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world ? -2017
• Restructuring of UNO reflect present realities -1996
• The global order: political and economic -1993
• India’s role in promoting ASEAN co-operation. -2004
• Importance of Indo-US nuclear agreement -2006
• Management of Indian border dispute is a complex task. -2018
• In the Indian context , both human intelligence and technical intelligence are crucial in combating terrorism -2011
• Are we a ‘soft’ state ? -2009
• Good fences make good neighbours -2009
• Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanization? -2007
• Terrorism and world peace -2005
• True religion cannot be misused. -1997
• History repeats itself, first as tragedy, second as farce. -2021
• Geography may remain the same ; history need not. -2010

7 Science-Technology

• Spirituality and scientific temper. -2003
• Science and Mysticism : Are they compatible ?-2012
• What is research, but a blind date with knowledge! -2021
• Modern technological education and human values. -2002
• Value-based science and education. -1999
• The march of science and the erosion of human values. -2001
• The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced. -2021
• Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling. -2019
• ‘Social media’ is inherently a selfish medium. -2017
• Cyberspace and Internet : Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run -2016
• Increasing computerization would lead to the creation of a dehumanized society. -2006
• The cyberworld: its charms and challenges. -2000
• Computer: the harbinger of silent revolution. -1993
• Technology cannot replace manpower. -2015
• Science and technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation-2013
• The modern doctor and his patients. -1997
• The lure of space. -2004

Section-A (write any one)

• Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक शुरू नहीं होता है जब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।)
• Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते है अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।)
• Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकने वाले सभी गुम नहीं हो जाते।)
• Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane (- रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा अलौकिक ता में चमत्कार ढूंढने के प्रयास से उपजति है)

Section-B (write any one)

• Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines. (-लड़कियां बंदिशों के तथा लड़के अपेक्षा के बोझ तले दबे हुए होते हैं दोनों ही समान रूप से हानिकारक व्यवस्थाएं हैं।)
• Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।)
• A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।)

Answer one-one essay from each section in 1000-1200 words

• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man (इतिहास वैज्ञानिक मनुष्य के रूमानी मनुष्य पर विजय हासिल करने का एक सिलसिला है।) – 2022
• A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह के भीतर सुरक्षित होता है, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) & 2022
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right (केवल इसलिए कि आपके पास विकल्प हैं, इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक होना ही होगा) – 2022

Essay: Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

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UPSC Previous Year Papers: 2023

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The UPSC Previous Year Question Papers provide valuable insights about the types of questions that can be asked in the upcoming UPSC Exam 2024. UPSC PYQ will help aspirants understand the exam’s requirements and familiarize themselves with the exam pattern. They provide insights into the exam pattern , highlight important topics, improve problem-solving skills, and offer an opportunity for self-assessment. Regular practice with previous year papers can significantly enhance a candidate's chances of clearing the UPSC CSE and achieving their dream of becoming a civil servant. To assist candidates in their preparation, UPSC Previous Year Question Papers PDF are provided in this article, enabling candidates to download and utilize them effectively. It is important to note that the UPSC Exam 2024 is scheduled to be held on 16th June 2024 .

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UPSC EPFO Previous Year Question Paper PDFs are provided here to help candidates enhance their preparation for the upcoming EPFO PA exams.

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UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice – Insights SECURE: 8 July 2024

The Insights IAS Secure Initiative for UPSC Mains Answer Writing practice enables you to practice daily answer writing, enhancing your skills and boosting your scores with regular feedback, expert tips, and strategies. Let consistency be the hallmark of your preparation and utilize UPSC Mains Answer Writing practice initiative wisely

Click on EACH question to post/upload you answers.

How to Follow Secure Initiative?

How to self-evaluate your answer , mission – 2024: yearlong timetable, join ipm 4.0 to get an assured review of 2 secure answers everyday, general studies – 1.

Topic: factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India).

Q1. Given the significance of semiconductors, India should develop a strong domestic semiconductor industry to meet its needs, promote innovation, and strengthen national security. Discuss.

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: Economic times

Why the question: The article discusses the potential of India to become a global player in the semiconductor industry. Key Demand of the question: To write about applications of semiconductors and how the government can create a thriving domestic semiconductor industry. Structure of the Answer: Introduction: Begin by giving context. Body: In the first part, discuss the various applications of semiconductors – computers, phones, server farms, missiles and in their guidance systems, warplanes, submarines, aircraft carriers, satellites etc. Next, write about the steps needed to create a robust domestic industry for semiconductors – tackling R&D problems, funding, and solving intellectual property issues. Mention various measures already initiated by the government in this regard. Conclusion: Conclude with a way forward.

Topic: World History

Q2. Discuss the role of historical events, such as the 1953 CIA-sponsored coup and the Iran-Iraq War, in shaping the political landscape of contemporary Iran.

Reference: The Hindu

Why the question: The above article discusses the significance of key historical events that shaped contemporary Iran. Key Demand of the question: Examine the influence of the 1953 CIA-sponsored coup and the Iran-Iraq War on the political landscape of contemporary Iran. Structure of the Answer: Introduction: Introduce the significance of historical events in shaping the political landscape of a country. Body: 1953 CIA-Sponsored Coup: Describe the events of the coup, detailing the CIA and MI6’s involvement in overthrowing Mossadegh and reinstating the Shah. Discuss the immediate political effects , including the Shah’s consolidation of power, the establishment of a more authoritarian regime, increasing anti-Western sentiment, political repression, and the eventual rise of revolutionary movements. The Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988): Explain the causes, Describe the major events and phases of the war, then write its impact on Iran’s political landscape Conclusion: Conclude by writing about the lasting influence of these events on Iran’s political dynamics, national identity, and foreign policy.

General Studies – 2

Topic:  Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.

Q3. Compare and contrast the major features of the constitutions of India and Britain. (250 words)

 Reference: IE ,   Insights on India

  Why the question: United Kingdom (UK) elects new Prime Minister (PM) Key Demand of the question: To write about salient features of the Indian constitution and the nature of federalism in India. Compare and contrast  – provide a detailed comparison of the two types, and their features that are similar as well as different. One must provide for detailed assessment of the two. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Begin by mentioning the legacy of the British on the Indian constitution Body: In the first part, write about the major differences between the Indian and British constitutions. Written constitution, Nature of federation, Citizenship, Sovereign power, Judicial review etc. Next, write about similarities between the Indian and British constitutions – Rule of Law, Independence of Judiciary, Parliamentary system etc, Conclusion: Conclude by summarising the major observations.

General Studies – 3

Topic: Indian Economy: BoP

Q4. India’s Balance of payments (BoP) has become more resilient due to reforms, yet vulnerabilities have emerged from increased exposure to the global economy through liberalized trade and investment. Analyse. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Tough

Reference:  InstaPedia , IE

Why the question:   Last week, data from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) showed that India’s current account registered a surplus during the fourth quarter (Jan-Mar) of the 2023-24 financial year. This was the first time in 11 quarters that India had witnessed a surplus. Key Demand of the question :  To write about BoP and India’s vulnerabilities with regard to its BoP. Directive word: Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and presenting them in a summary. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Begin by defining BoP and its various components. Body: First, in brief, elaborate on the evolution of India’s BoP and various crises faced with respect to BoP. Next, write about the various reforms undertaken to strengthen India’s BoP scenario and write about their impact. Next, write about the present vulnerabilities with respect to India’s BoP and the steps needed to prevent it from any adverse impact. Conclusion: Conclude by writing a way forward.

Topic: Internal Security: Indigenous Defence Industry in India

Q5. Indigenous defence industry is a vital objective for India given its security environment and strategic objectives. Shed light on the potential, success achieved, and challenges in this regard. (250 Words)

Difficulty Level: High

Reference: TH

Why the question? Defence production hit record high of nearly ₹1.27 lakh crore in 2023-24: Defence Ministry.   Key Demand of the Question: Discuss the importance of Indigenous defence production, highlight successful initiatives, and analyze the challenges hindering further progress. Structure of the Answer: Introduction: Briefly give the status of the indigenous defence industry in India. Body: Potential of Indigenous Defence Industry: Mention the economic benefits, strategic importance and national security imperatives, employment generation, and technological advancements associated with a robust indigenous defence sector. Success Achieved: Detail significant achievements such as the development of critical defence systems like INS Vikrant, Arihant submarine, and various missile programs under IGMDP. Challenges in Indigenous Defence Production: Mention the challenges like the lack of a strong domestic manufacturing base, dependence on imports, and bureaucratic hurdles.   Conclusion: Conclude with a way forward.

General Studies – 4

Q6. What do understand by the following ethical terms?

• Moral muteness.
• Nonmaleficence 
• Beneficence 

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Why the question: The question is part of the General studies paper – 4 modelled based on PYQ of UPSC. Key Demand of the question: Define the term and write your own understanding of the term. Structure of the answer: Introduction: Introduction is not needed for such question. Body: In the body for each term first write the definition. Explain what it means to you in simple words. Write one or two examples concerning the ethical terms. If you add quotes it is an added advantage. For each term write the significance of it or write about the importance of the term in real life. Conclusion: No need to write any conclusion for such questions.

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